本研究旨在探討桃園市高中職校長學術樂觀與教師教學成效的現況，藉由分析不同背景變項與學校變項之教師在知覺校長學術樂觀與教師教學成效的差異情形；進而探討校長學術樂觀對教師教學成效，最後根據研究提出結論。 為達上述研究目的，本研究採用問卷調查法，以桃園市33所公私立高中職之教師兼主任、教師兼組長(含科主任)、教師兼導師與專任教師為研究對象，採隨機抽樣方式，寄發問卷440份，回收有效問卷412份，有效回收率為93.6 ％。問卷所得資料採用IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0統計軟體進行資料分析，獲得以下結論： 一、高中職現職教師在年齡與任教年資的差異上，顯現出對校長學術樂觀有不同之知覺傾向 二、高中職兼任導師之現職教師對校長學術樂觀知覺較低 三、公立高中職之現職教師對校長學術樂觀知覺呈現正相關 四、高中職現職教師在年齡與任教年資的差異上，顯現出對教師教學成效有不同之知覺傾向 五、高中職兼任導師之現職教師對教師教學成效知覺較低 六、高中職之現職教師對校長學術樂觀與教師教學成效具中度顯著關係，但在「班級氣氛」層面呈現低度顯著 七、高中職現職教師在「校長學術樂觀」的「信任教師、學生、家長」與「重視學生學習」對「教師教學成效」具有較高之預測力 / This study was designed to investigate the current status of high school principal’s academic optimism, teacher’s teaching effectiveness and their relationship in Taoyuan. Base on the result of analyzing the difference of teaching effectiveness of teachers from different backgrounds and different schools, and of school principal’s academic optimism, and on the result of exploring the influence of principal’s academic optimism on the effectiveness of teacher’s teaching, the conclusion is made. To achieve the above purpose, the research uses the questionnaire survey procedure, the grand total provides 440 questionnaires randomly to teachers who are in different positions, either homeroom teachers, full time teachers, section chief or directors in 33 public or private high schools in Taoyuan, recycling effective questionnaires 412, the effective questionnaire recycling a rate 93.6%. The data obtained from questionnaires has been analyzed by using IBM SPSS Statistics 20.00 obtain the following a conclusion: 1. When high school teachers’ age and the length of teaching year vary, their perception of principal’s academic optimism differs. 2. High school teachers’ perception of principal’s academic optimism is weak if they are homeroom teachers. 3. Public high school teachers have stronger perception of principal’s academic optimism. 4. Teachers with different ages and different length of teaching years have different perception of teaching effectiveness. 5. Current teachers who are homeroom teachers have weak perception of teaching effectiveness. 6. Academic optimism of high school principals is moderate significantly correlated to teachers’ teaching effectiveness, but weak correlated to classroom climate. 7. Two parts of measurement of principal’s academic optimism, faculty trust in students and parents and the school’s academic emphasis are highly predictable to teacher’s teaching effectiveness of current high school teachers.

自主創新研發能力，對一國經濟成長與產業發展潛能有關鍵性之作用。技術交易市場失靈肇因於市場不完善所導致的高交易成本，而在技術商品化過程中往往面臨：1、產權之歸屬與使用權之專屬的問題，2、技術項目專業化程度高雙方資訊不對稱，3、技術價值難估算使技術鑑價不易降低供需雙方技術移轉誘因，4、研發與商品化過程需投入大量人力物力所帶來之資金投入風險，5、交易雙方基於自利的角度使交易過程中缺乏對彼此的信任所帶來的信任風險。 中國長期實施計畫經濟使科技研發面與產業面脫節情形較其他國家情形更為嚴重，為此中國企業與政府在投入大量研究經費從事科學技術之研發與創新的同時於各地方設立大量相關技術中介機構作為科研成果轉變為實質產出之孵化器。2009年由中國國務院批准北京市人民政府、科技部、國家智慧財產權局和中科院於北京聯合設立唯一以國家為命名的交易服務機構─中國技術交易所（China Technology Exchange）。不同於傳統技術中介機構在技術供需雙方之外所提供的第三方專業服務，「中國技術交易所」倡導的「IPOS知識權一站式服務平臺」為一整合技術供需雙方與技術中介機構的第四方平台，試圖利用北京中關村國家自主創新示範區之優勢，並針對科技成果產業化的不同需求以創新交易模式結合技術、金融與產業，提供技術交易雙方一系列客製化技術交易的相關服務。 如今，「中國技術交易所」營運四年多並逐步探索出適合中國科研成果商品化之創新模式。因此，本研究以「中國技術交易所」為例，配合歷史文獻與統計資料，針對交易所經典個案分析，探討中國如何解決其技術交易市場所面臨之市場失靈問題。本研究發現，「中國技術交易所」的第四方整合交易平台與創新的交易服務機制有機會成為目前中國在技術移轉商品化過程中所面臨市場失靈問題的解決方式。 / The R&D capability of independent innovation is important to the growth of economic and the potential of industrial development. The market failure of technical transactions is due to high transaction costs caused by market imperfections, and in the process of technology commercialization often faces: 1. the belonging of intellectual property and the exclusive of usufruct, 2. The information asymmetry, 3. it is hard to evaluate the value of technology, 4. The investment risks, 5. The risk of lack of trust. After long-term implementation of the planned economy, the achievements of China’s R&D are disconnected with its industries. Because of that, China enterprises and the government invested a lot in R&D and innovation. China government also set up lots of intermediaries as incubators to change scientific achievements into real outputs. China Technology Exchange (CTE) set up in 2009 by the Beijing Municipal People's Government, the Ministry of Science, the National Intellectual Property Office and the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing, and approved by General Office of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China. Unlike traditional technology intermediary agencies need outsourcing some parts of professional services to other agencies, CTE advocated " Intellectual Property One stop Service(IPOS) " as the fourth platform which integrated technology supply sides, demand sides and technology intermediary agencies. CTE tries to take the advantages of Beijing Zhongguancun Science Park. For the different needs from industrialization of scientific and technological achievements, CTE uses innovative trading patterns which combined with technology, finance and industry to provide technical transactors a series of technology transactions related to Customization Innovative Services. Today, CTE has operated for more than four years and gradually explores suitable innovative models for commercialization in China. Therefore, by collecting historical documents and statistic data, this study chose China Technology Exchange as a case to analyze that how to solve the market failure of China technology transaction market. The study found that the fourth integrated platform and innovative trading mechanisms have the opportunity to become the solution of market failure which is faced in the process of the commercialization of technology transaction.

於德語系國家提供3D列印積層製造技術之可行性分析 / ‘People can have the Ford Model T in any color – as long as it‘s black‘ (Henry Ford) In today’s competitive business environment, more is needed than building competitive advantages solely on cheap mass production on the other side of the globe. Product life cycles become shorter, customers more demanding, cost advantages of producing large amounts far from the distribution channels are eroding and flexibility in production is an essential parameter to meet customer’s demands. The purpose of this business plan is to show small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) a possibility to conquer constrains of mass production by using one of the few real disruptive technologies of our times. 3D printing or additive manufacturing indeed has the potential to change the paradigm for manufacturing. In short, it is the process of building solid three-dimensional objects from any digital model data by applying materials usually layer upon layer. This method of building parts of virtually every shape is the reason for the name as opposed to subtractive or traditional manufacturing, where material is being removed by drilling, cutting, and milling. Additive manufacturing technologies can be used anywhere in the product life cycle from pre-production prototypes to full-scale production: On the entry level, small and medium sized enterprises could increase their performance through cost reduction by accelerating the business cycle. This is an implication of reduced time to market and improved product quality. The next level not only involves speed but also cost savings arising out of supply chain improvements. Additive manufacturing is able to significantly reduce required inventory and therefore is reducing working capital requirements. The third level takes full advantage of this new technology, exploiting the complexity for free phenomenon, which demonstrates that geometrically complex shapes can be produced at virtually no additional costs. Last but not least, while putting all the advantages of additive manufacturing, mass-customization of products becomes an available option even for smaller companies. The described paradigm shift already started, and although the industry is still small in absolute terms, growth rates have been impressive for the last few years. The global additive manufacturing market grew by 34.9% (CAGR) to US$ 3.07 billion in 2013, which is a continuation of the remarkable growth rates of 2010, 2011, and 2012. Even more exciting are the forecasts, which indicate that additive manufacturing could easily exceed US$ 21 billion by 2020. (cf. McKinsey Global Institute, 2013; Wohlers Associates Inc., 2014). The german speaking market is about 15% of the global additive manufacturing market with players being more educated in terms of additive manufacturing. Thus, it seems to be the right time to enter this market eager for innovation. This business plan proposes to set-up an additive manufacturing service provider in Austria, targeting the German speaking countries, and offering its services to mainly but not exclusively small and medium sized enterprises. Since the competition is existent but very segmented, the declared goal of 5% market share should be manageable in the first three years of operation. The main target clients are SME’s in the following fields: Manufacture of fabricated metal products and machinery and equipment Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers, and semi-trailers Manufacture of furniture Manufacture of jewelry, bijouterie, and related articles Manufacture of medical and dental instruments and supplies 3magination, which is the proposed name for the company, shall provide the following services: Additive manufacturing education Design consultancy Material consultancy Small series production and prototyping However, the business model classifies the first three services as trust and relationship building investments and the company only charges for the production itself. 3magination disposes of metal and polymer processing printers and is able to produce a very large spectrum of objects. Design, material selection, and the flexible production itself are 3maginations’s declared competitive advantages. To ensure this path, a detailed analysis of key talents has been performed. Considering the conservative forecasts, initial investment of EUR 1.1 million in equity and a loan facility from banks of EUR 1.92 million would generate a NPV of EUR 25.5 million. Due to the large investments in fixed assets and the low sales volume at the beginning, a loss is anticipated in the first year. However, the company breaks even in the second year of operation and makes a small profit of EUR 286,394. From there on, the net income and sales ratio starts accelerating up to 34% in 2019.

高科技產業變動迅速，產品生命週期短，產品價格隨著時間而快速下跌，技術演進速度快，一個公司能夠即時掌握到某一個世代的某一個關鍵技術，發展出關鍵的產品，就能得到數以倍計的獲利，然而今日的關鍵產品與技術，明日可能就成為落日黃花，在這種高度變動與競爭的環境下，僅有能持續採取最適化的技術策略以保持技術領先的高科技公司，才能真正的長期經營與獲利。 本研究之研究架構為外部因子與內部因子會影響各企業的技術策略，而技術策略則會再影響到企業中長期的營運績效，並以觸控面板公司為個案研究之。研究的結果發現： 一、 技術策略的確受到外部因子（外部技術環境與市場環境）以及內部因子（內部技術能力、技術來源、產品與研發策略、研發投資與資金、研發資源配置以及獲取及跟隨顧客未來需求之能力）的影響。 二、 採用不同的技術策略（前瞻者-急遽式創新、防禦者-急遽式創新及防禦者-漸進式創新），與往後的營運績效，有明顯的關連性。 綜合各個案於各不同時期之各項影響因子以及採取的技術策略，對應到相關的營運績效可發現，在既有的主流技術並無法滿足多數客戶的主要需求，且功能更佳的新技術尚未完全發展成熟、尚未標準化以及競爭者尚未採取此技術的情況下，加上資金足以負擔此新技術的研發與量產、可取得客戶的未來功能需求（或是潛在的功能需求）及有能力跟隨開發 、並可專注於單一領域之單一技術之單一產品上與客戶共同作長期之研發之情況下，適合採取前瞻者-急遽式創新的技術策略，此技術策略可帶來長期較佳的營運績效。此發現與本研究之研究架構一致。 / The high-tech industry changes rapidly. The life cycle of the product is short. The prices of the product fell rapidly with time. The technology evolution speed is rapid. If the company can immediately grasp a key technology and can develop the key products, the company can get a huge profit. However today's key products and technologies may become tomorrow’s useless products and technology. Only the kind of company that is able to continue to take the best technology strategies and maintain a leading position of technology can keep long-term business and profitability in this serious changeable and competitive environment. The research structure of this study is that the external factors and internal factors affect the technological strategies of each enterprise, and technological strategies will further affect long-term operation performance of the company. This study analyzed the cases of touch panel firms. The results are as below. 1. The technology strategies are indeed affected by external factors (external technology environment and market environment) and internal factors (internal technical capabilities, sources of technology, products and R&D strategy, R&D and capital investment, research and development resource allocation and the ability to obtain and follow the customer's future needs) effects. 2. The subsequent operation performance is indeed affected by taked different technical strategies (prospector - rapid innovation, defender - rapid innovation and defender - incremental innovation). 3. Comprehensive each case at all different times of the impact factors of technological strategy and to take corresponding to the relevant operation performance can be found the conclusion：The company take the technological strategy of prospector - rapid innovation can get long-term strategy and better operation performance in the condition of that the mainstream technology can not fully meet the needs of the major customers, and the new technology is not yet fully developed and standardized , and the competitor has not yet taken the technology , and has the sufficient funds to cover the development and production of this new technology, and can obtain customer’s future functional requirements (or potentially functional requirements), and focus on the single product of a single technology in a single field with customers for a long period of research and development. This finding is consistent with the research structure of this study.

絕大多數在台灣的企業屬於年輕的中小企業，他們所熟知的商業模式是生產代工，並無技術與市場的不確定性問題。如何從生產代工的商業模式跳躍到美國新創公司的知識經濟模式實在是一個對雙方都是很大的挑戰。由於雙方的不對稱性太大有必要讓其它人界入並彌補中間落差。開放式創新中需要技術仲介聯結買方與賣方。而技術仲介則是辦識(破壞式)創新機會的來源之一。在維興國際公司目前所專注的四個不同技術中，同時包括B2B及B2C的產品領域。但無論是B2B及B2C，市場拉力與技術推力在技術仲介的領域中均同樣必須受到重視。 本研究由相關文獻探討，推展出以(買方)目標工業的選擇與管理、(賣方)管理並降低市場的不確定性、技術仲介的需求缺口三構面的研究架構來探討技術仲介業在美國新創公司的技術仲介服務活動的關鍵因素與管理項目。本研究採用個案研究法深入訪談個案公司的高階主管以了解其新創過程的實務作為。由個案分析與研究發現得出研究結論如下： 結論一：成功的技術仲介業對技術賣方的選擇與管理應考慮(1)新創公司生態(2)新創公司的動態管理(3)新創公司的選擇(4)新創公司的管理。 結論二：成功的技術仲介業對技術買方的管理應考慮到(1)社會氛圍與使用者的認知(2)使用者的吸收能力(3)創新與使用(4)降低技術與市場的不確定性。 結論三：技術仲介的成功因素包括(1)技術仲介的加值能耐(2)技術仲介的承諾(3)專利/技術加值增加原供應商的仰賴(4)經營策略的創新與新事業開發。 結論四：技術仲介屬於知識管理的一環，在開放式創新中需要技術仲介聯結買方與賣方。而技術仲介則是辦識(破壞式)創新機會的來源之一。 結論五：台灣目前的技術服務業的主導者是以工研院技轉中心為主要的供需中心，輔以少數私人的智財買賣。 結論六：全世界都在鼓勵創新，國家的競爭力表現於創新與創業教育的養成。 / Most companies in Taiwan are belong to young SMEs, their business model is known for everybody and mainly the foundry model, there is no technology and market uncertainties. It is indeed a great challenge from the production foundry jumping into the knowledge based US startups. Since the dissymmetry from both sides are huge there exist a need for others to bridge the gap. Technology broker links buyer and seller in the area of open innovation. It is also one of the sources of innovation opportunities. WH International currently focused on four different technologies, including both B2B and B2C products. But whether it is B2B and B2C, market pull and technology push in the field of technology brokers are also to be taken seriously. From the related literatures survey, based on a technology transfer company, this study is to promote the technology sales (the seller) and management of technology uncertainty, to help (the seller) to manage and reduce market uncertainty, to meet market demands of the technology broker, and compose the three dimensions of framework: the seller, the buyer and the broker. This research adopts case study method to analyze the practice of the case company. The research results are as below. 1. The selection factors of a successful technology broker facing technology vendor should consider (1) ecosystem of start ups (2) the dynamic management of start ups (3) the choice of start ups (4) the management of start ups. 2. The management of technology buyers from a successful broker should take into consideration of(1) the user's cognitive and social atmosphere (2) the absorptive capacity of users (3) innovation and the diffusion (4) reduce uncertainty of market. 3. The successful factors for technology broker include (1) the value-added capability (2) the commitment to technology (3) patents / technology development to increase value-added services to suppliers (4) innovation of business strategy and new business development. 4. Technical brokering is a part of knowledge management. Technology broker links buyers and sellers in open innovation while it is also one of the sources of innovation opportunities. 5. Technology Transfer Center of the ITRI is the clear leader of technology services industry in Taiwan. There also existed some small private firms that handled intellectual property transactions. 6. Innovation is encouraged worldwide and national competition is reflected in the cultivation of innovation and entrepreneurship education.

全球行動電話用戶數於2002年達到12億，首度超過固定電話用戶數之11億；行動電話用戶數並於2008年達41億，為固定電話用戶數(13億)之3倍以上。行動電話相對於固定電話之主要優勢在於系統之建置成本低及佈建速度快；行動電話之快速普及已成為創新擴散研究之重要題材。 行動電話擴散之研究為選取一成長模型(例如Gompertz、Logistic或Bass模型)並類比該模型以求出擴散之參數(例如成長速率)，以進一步(1)了解相關驅動因子(例如技術創新、市場開放等)對擴散參數之影響，及(2)延伸擴散模型曲線以預測未來之成長。 惟成長模型之選取尚無原理原則可供遵循而具隨機性(ad hoc basis)。為找出模型選用之可能規律，以降低模型選用之隨機性並提高成長預測之準確度，本研究以十二個代表性國家(巴、中、法、德、印、日、韓、俄、星、台、英、美)至2007年之資料以比較三個最常用之成長模型之績效，即Gompertz、Logistic及Bass模型。模型績效逐年比較標準係採用rmse值，並輔以Friedman test檢測模型績效差異之顯著性，再對照模型之機制意涵，以進一步了解最適模型之選用原則。 此外，台灣行動電話普及率於2002年為108%居全球之冠，而中國自2001年起取代美國成為全球具最多行動電話用戶數之單一國家，台灣及中國屬行動電話擴散之重要個案，惟目前尚缺此二個案之實證研究。為補足此一缺口，本研究亦對台灣及中國行動電話擴散之驅動因子進行實證研究，以進一步了解擴散之關鍵驅動力。 研究發現由於目前統計軟體之進步，Gompertz、Logistic及Bass三模型均可獲致極佳之匹配度而難分軒輊，惟模型預測力(延伸曲線)則具差異性。12個模型選用樣本國家中之8個國家(巴、中、法、德、日、韓、英、美)係以Gompertz模型具較佳之預測力；依Gompertz模型機制意涵，代表行動電話擴散早期係受網路外部性(口耳相傳)影響，惟至擴散後期(例如過了擴散極大值之一半)則已不相關。此外，若因市場開放等重大變因造成行動電話之快速擴散，則Logistic模型具有較佳之績效，如台灣及俄羅斯屬之。依Logistic模型機制意涵，代表擴散係受網路外部性所影響。Bass模型應用於行動電擴散時，因該模型所算出之創新係數偏低，績效與Logistic模型相近，而Logistic模型為Bass模型之創新係數為0時之特例。 台灣及中國行動電話擴散之驅動因子研究發現(1)價格下降及(2)預付卡之推行對加速擴散具顯著性，兩者均對低階市場之採用具影響力。鑑於高階市場將先飽和，爰未來加速行動電話擴散之關鍵驅動因子應係與推動低階市場採用具密切相關性。以中國為例，未來市場開放競爭造成價格再度大幅下降，將進一步促低階市場採用，加速中國行動電話之普及。 / The number of mobile telephone subscriptions reached 1.2 billion globally in 2002, exceeding fixed-line telephony subscriptions (1.1 billion) for the first time. The number of mobile telephone subscriptions reached 4.1 billion globally in 2008, over three times the number of fixed-line telephone subscriptions (1.3 billion). The main advantages of mobile telephony over fixed-line are low cost and rapid facility deployment. The rapid diffusion of mobile telephony has become an important topic in innovation diffusion. The conventional approach to studying mobile telephony diffusion is to analogize a single growth model, such as the Gompertz, Logistic or Bass model, and calculate the model parameters, for example growth rate. The significance of certain selected driving forces, such as technology innovation or market competition, to the studied parameters, such as growth rate, is then estimated. The diffusion growth can also be forecast by extrapolating the diffusion curve. Utilizing the growth model analogy is the first step in analyzing mobile telephony diffusion. However, no principles or rules exit for selecting a growth model. To identify rules for model selection to reduce randomness and increase forecast accuracy, this work uses 12 sample countries, namely Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Japan, Korea, Russia, Singapore, Taiwan, the UK and the USA, employing data prior to 2008 to compare the performance of three most commonly used models, namely the Gompertz, Logistic and Bass models. The root mean square error (rmse) is chosen as the criterion for measuring annual model performance. The work uses the Friedman test to examine the significance of differences in performance between models. The implications of model mechanisms are emphasized to investigate the selection rule for the most appropriate model. The penetration of mobile telephony in Taiwan was 108% in 2002, ranking first in the world. Furthermore, in 2001 the number of mobile telephony in China replaced the United States as number one in the world. Both Taiwan and China are important examples for mobile telephony diffusion. However, no empirical investigation has been performed in these two cases. To fill this gap, this work estimated the driving forces for mobile telephony diffusion in Taiwan and China to learn about the critical drivers of the mobile telephony diffusion. Empirical results indicate that due to improvements in statistical software, providing good fitness for all three models, namely the Gompertz, Logistic and Bass models, distinguishing which has the best fitness is difficult. However, the performance of the three models is distinguishable when forecasting based on extrapolating the diffusion curve. In eight of the 12 examples, namely Brazil, China, France, Germany, Japan, Korea, the UK and the USA, the Gompertz model is the most appropriate model for forecasting. The mechanism of the Gompertz model means that during the initial stage the diffusion is correlated with network externalities (namely word of mouth), however, this correlation reduces during the later stages (such as pass one half of the maximum potential). Moreover, the cases of Taiwan and Russia demonstrated that the Logistic model performs well provided some significant driver of the diffusion exists. The mechanism of the Logistic model means that the diffusion is correlated with network externalities throughout the whole diffusion. Furthermore, using Chinese data, when the Bass model is applied, because of its low innovation coefficient, it performs similarly to the Logistic model, which is a special case of the Bass model in which the innovation coefficient equals zero. Empirical results for the critical driving forces of mobile telephony diffusion in Taiwan and China indicate that (1) reducing prices and (2) the launch of pre-paid services are crucial to mobile telephony diffusion. Both factors are essential to mobile telephony adoption in low-end markets. The high-end market is the first to be saturated by mobile telephony adoption, future drivers of the mobile telephony diffusion should be highly correlated with low-end market demand. Taking China as an example, the opening of the market to further reduce tariffs will attract mobile telephony adoption in the low-end market, facilitating the mobile telephony diffusion.

本研究旨在探討校園公共藝術符號互動表徵、校園公共藝術符號之影響的現況及其關係，並據以提出結論與建議，期能提供學校運用符號互動表徵，增進公共藝術影響的參考。本研究採取文件分析、問卷調查、觀察法、訪談法進行研究，首先蒐集相關文獻，探討校園公共藝術及符號互動的相關理論；透過文件分析我國2005、2006、2007校園公共藝術設置案計136件，歸納出校園公共藝術符號互動表徵，包含：器物符號、操作符號、構念符號等三層面。另就校園公共藝術符號之影響進行探討，包含：提升校園環境品質、呈現學校品牌形象、涵養學生美學素養、促進公共關係發展、強化溝通協調功能等五層面。再利用問卷調查學校成員與校園公共藝術符號的互動及影響現況資料，將實徵資料進行統計分析，針對研究目的與問題發展訪談提綱，針對個案研究學校進行觀察與訪談，最後綜合研究發現做成結論，並提出具體建議。 本研究之問卷對象為臺北市、臺北縣、宜蘭縣2005、2006、2007國民中、小學校園公共藝術設置學校計35所之師生，抽樣調查765位，取得有效樣本706份，調查結果以平均數、標準差、t考驗、單因子變異係數分析、回歸分析等統計方法，進行資料處理分析，獲致以下結論： 一、學校師生與校園公共藝術符號表徵的互動現況以「器物符號」最顯見，其次為「構念符號」，再其次為「操作符號」。 二、學校師生受到校園公共藝術符號的影響現況，依序為：「提升校園環境品質」、「涵養學生美學素養」、「呈現學校品牌形象」、「促進公共關係發展」、「強化溝通協調功能」。 三、學校師生與校園公共藝術符號表徵之互動在學校區域、服務年資、教育程度、現任職務上具有差異。 四、學校師生受到校園公共藝術符號之影響在學校區域、性別、服務年資、教育程度、現任職務、就讀年級上具有差異。 五、校園公共藝術符號表徵與校園公共藝術符號之影響各層面均呈現正相關。其中「操作符號」與「強化溝通協調功能」相關程度最高；其次為「操作符號」與「提升校園環境品質」；最低者為「器物符號」與「涵養學生美學素養」。 六、「操作符號」對整體校園公共藝術符號之影響的預測力最佳。 七、個案學校師生普遍認同校園公共藝術符號互動各層面之表徵。 八、個案學校師生對於校園公共藝術符號之影響，因符號互動表徵不同而有差異。 根據結論，提出以下建議，供作學校未來設置公共藝術，能有效運用符號互動表徵，來強化公共藝術的影響之參考。 壹、對學校之建議： 一、運用符號互動表徵，強化公共藝術影響 二、善用公共藝術經費，涵養學生美學素養 三、落實公共藝術教育，提升校園環境品質 四、活用操作符號表徵，增進溝通協調功能 五、行銷校園公共藝術，建立學校公共關係 六、設計校園建築符號，營造學校品牌形象 貳、對教師之建議： 一、參與校園公共藝術，增進專業對話溝通 二、發展公共藝術課程，陶冶師生藝術生活 三、經驗傳承研習進修，兼任行政專業成長 / This study explored the status and relations between the characterization of campus public art symbolic interaction and the influence of campus public art symbol, and then to propose conclusions and recommendations provided for school to apply the characterization of symbolic interaction and refer to strengthen the influence of the public art. The researcher adopted document analysis, questionnaires, observation, and interview research in the study. The research was begun to collect the related documents and then probe related theories of the campus public art and the symbolic interaction. Through document analysis of 136 campus public art cases, from 2005 to 2007, inducted three levels of the characterization of campus public art symbolic interaction, including: objects symbols, operation symbols, and construct symbols. On the other hand, to explore the influence of the campus public art, including: enhancing the quality of campus environment, conserving students’ aesthetic literacy ", showing the school brand image, promoting the development of public relations, and strengthening the function of communication and coordination of the five dimensions. Further, to survey the interaction and status of the members of the school and the campus public art signs by questionnaires, the researcher proceeded with the statistical analysis of the empirical data to develop the interview outline related to the study purposes , interview and observe the case study schools .According to the comprehensive findings , the study showed the specific recommendations . From 2005 to 2007, there are 35 schools that are from the national primary and secondary schools of public art in Taipei City, Taipei County, Ilan County in this study questionnaire. There are 765 subjects who were surveyed altogether and 706 valid samples were acquired. The statistical methods of the research include mean, standard deviation, t test, one-way anova , regression analysis and other statistical methods, data processing and analysis. The summary of the research findings are as followings: 1. The symbolic objects is the "most obvious" ，followed by "construct symbols “, and then followed by "operational symbols" in the interactive status of the symbolic representation between the teachers and students and the campus public art. 2. Teachers and students in school by campus public art symbols were to: " enhance the quality of campus environment," "conserve students’ aesthetic literacy ", "show the school brand image", "promote the development of public relations", "strengthen the function of communication and coordination" 3. Between the teachers and students and the campus public art are the differences in the school district, years of service, education, and current position. 4. Teachers and students in school are affected by campus public art symbols with the differences in the school district, gender, years of service, education, current position, and school grade. 5. The symbolic representation of public art on campus and the campus public art signs at all levels showed a positive correlation. The “operation symbols” and to "strengthen communication and coordination functions," were the highest relevance; followed by “operation symbols” and "improving the quality of campus environment"; the lowest relevance for the "symbolic objects" and "conserving students’ aesthetic literacy." 6. "Operation symbols" on the public art of the overall campus can predict the best. 7. Teachers and students in case school generally agree that the public art at all levels of symbolic interaction representation. 8. Teachers and students in case school differ from the influence of the campus public art symbol. Based on the research finding, the following recommendations are made for school and teacher: Recommendations on school: 1. To use the characterization of the symbolic interaction, and strengthen the influence of the public art. 2. To make use of thee funds for public arts and conserve students’ aesthetic literacy. 3. To implement the public arts education, and improve the quality of the campus environment. 4. To utilize operation symbolic representation, and enhance the function of communication and coordination. 5. To market campus public art, and establish the school public relations. 6. To design the campus building signs, and create the school brand image. Suggestions for teachers: 1. To participate campus public art , and enhance communication and professional dialogue. 2. To develop public art programs, and refine teachers and students’ artistic life. 3. To inherit the experience of the studies education, and promote the administrative professional development.

從一九九0年代開始，由於微電子、電腦、衛星通信、網際網路、光學纖維等資訊科技的發展，不僅造成社會生活的變遷，也帶動了國家競爭的新形勢。 在這樣的時代環境下，資訊知識發展與科技運用成為經濟發展成功的關鍵，唯有促使科技出現重大突破，才能提昇產業的競爭力。 在學術界，討論資訊科技的文獻上出現了生產力矛盾(productivity paradox)的說法，即他們發現使用資訊科技對於生產力的提升出現了不顯著甚至是負的結果。針對此，後續有許多學者提出各種解釋生產力矛盾的原因，諸如過度投資(overinvestment)、衡量錯誤 (mismeasurement)等問題。 因此，本研究以生產力指標中的總要素生產力為衡量對象，檢視資訊科技對台灣製造業是否具有矛盾的情形，並觀察當技術革新時，對人力資本的需求變化，資料期間為1995-2002年，採用的計量模型為揉合資料（pooling data）模式。 根據實證結果，自動化設備的應用出現生產力矛盾(productivity paradox)的情形，而人力資本對總要素生產力的貢獻則為顯著的正值，若觀察投入自動化生產設備對人力資本的需求，則發現有資本與技術互補（capital-skilled complementarity）的情形。因此推論：單獨增加自動化設備並無法提升總要素生產力，唯有透過自動化設備投資與人力資本的配合，兩者互補之下，以提升台灣製造業生產力。

本文嘗試以政治經濟學的取徑，研究當代高等教育的轉型與資本主義的連結。 本文以Marx對資本主義的批判為基礎，並結合Polanyi對虛構商品的考察，以及Jessop對知識的虛構商品化的論證，本文以為，在知識經濟的時代當中，知識被「虛構」為商品與資本，將知識勞動者收編至剝削的生產關係之中；在此，知識不僅只是經濟長波的關鍵，也是資本的競爭力－佔有超額利潤的能力，的關鍵所在。也因而，生產知識的場域，尤其是大學，就被捲入了資本主義之中，成為學術生產體制。 而被捲入資本主義的大學知識勞動者不僅只有教授或研究、教學人員，當中，又以研究生最為特殊，他們是「被生產的勞動力商品，同時又是生產知識商品的勞動力」。本文提出了勞動學習的概念，並以「是否直接生產剩餘價值」和「是否承受市場壓力」檢視研究生的勞動學習。本文以臺灣大學工會的案例，探討在勞動與學習混合為一的「勞動學習過程」、「學術外包」以及「名為助學的薪資與工作內容」的作用底下，研究生承受市場壓力，並被排除在勞動法制的保障之外的情形。 但是依照「有勞動事實就必須有勞動保護」的原則，本文以適用勞動法的各種要件主張研究生應適用勞動法令並享有各種勞動權，並得組成工會進行團體協商、維護自身權益。 最後，本文認為，我們必須正視資本主義式的學術生產體制對於研究生的剝削與壓迫，承認師、校、生之間的矛盾，進而團結抵抗資本主義的不斷擴張。 / This dissertation tried to examine the interconnection between the transformation of higher education and capitalism from political economy perspective. Based on the critique on capitalism by Marx, the inspection on fictitious commodity by Polanyi and the account of commoditization of knowledge of Jessop, this dissertation argues that, in the so-called knowledge economy, knowledge presents as the form of commodity and capital, and subsequently subsumes the knowledge worker into the exploited relation of production under capitalism. Besides, knowledge is also the key to create “long wave”, and more importantly, the competency of capital, which allows capital to gain surplus profits in the competition. With the development of knowledge economy, university has been transformed as “Academic Production Regime”. The graduates are also been subsumed into the Academic Production Regime. They are unique in this regime because they are “produced commodity of labor power, and also the labor power to produce commodity”. I bring up the concept of “learning by laboring” to examine, “Do the graduates produce surplus value?” and “Do the graduates endure the press from market?” With the case of Taiwan University Union, I asserted that the mixture of laboring and learning, academic subcontracting, and grant of student aid obscured the exploitation to graduates. Graduates now endure the press from market and be ignored by the protection of labor laws. I investigated the controversy of applying graduates employees to labor law, and argue that every labor should be protected by labor law. Finally, I contended that we shall confront the conflict between graduates, faculty and the university, and uniting to against the spread of capitalism

在經濟全球化的後金融危機時代中，技術財產權的交易對於推動產業升級，推動新產品及市場發展和進一步推動技術移轉成對現實生產力仍然具有重要市場貢獻的實際意義。不斷豐富技術財產權交易的商業化方法及流程後充分發揮技術財產權交易在市場的領先及先發地位。本研究著重在技術移轉的成功關鍵因素之研究，所以會同時考量到技術應用、市場需求及供應鏈等方面的議題。另外，政府研究機構與企業間的技術移轉對其本身經營成效均是相當重要。對企業而言，此類型的技術移轉已成為其獲取新型技術的重要來源。對政府研究機構而言，政府研發投資的成效係決定於研發成果能否有效地移轉廠商。本研究主要以研究機構之一工業技術研究院技術移轉為主。研究對研究機構及企業而言，進行技術移轉的主要關鍵成功因素為何?研究有以下四個發現;(1)技術移轉業務牽涉層面廣泛、涵蓋多樣專業，包括技術、法律、管理、財務等，宜達到認知一致及雙方資訊回饋的情形下，一定要和對方保持在高頻率溝通。(2)技術移轉需要整合各方資源，所以為了使技術移轉時技術接受者方的技術達到同一個技術水平的情況下，研究機構應為對方隨時準備。(3)雙方背景的懸殊，會影響技術移轉績效;研究機構在避免開發出不符合市場競爭力的商品的情況下，研究機構應一開始就著手彌補這差異。(4)市場變化多端，建議甚至技術移轉期後，仍然應強化後續與企業在技術商品化的互動來因應市場在不同階段的變化。 關鍵字： 技術移轉、研究機構、技術商業化、新產品開發、成功關鍵因素。 / In the age of post global economy financial crisis, trading of intellectual properties still have real meanings to the market in pushing new products, developing new markets and further pushing technology transfer into producible. After continuous refining IP trading methodologies and processes, business entities will become leaders in their markets. This research will focus on success factor in technology transfer with topics in technology applications, market demand and supply chains. Moreover, we will discuss important factors in technology transfer between government research institutions and private enterprises. For private enterprises, it is an important source of obtaining new technology. For government research institutions, performance of the government research investment is determined by whether the result of research and development can be successfully transferred to private enterprises. In this research, we will be mainly discussing technology from Industrial Technology Research Institute in Taiwan. In this research, the author will discuss four main findings in key successful factors in technology transfer between the government research institution and private enterprises. (1) Technology transfer is very involved in many aspect of business including research and development, law, management and finance, etc. It is best to keep good communication between both entities to reach a common consensus and to keep good feedback. (2) Resources from both entities have to be integrated in the process of technology transfer. Therefore, the research institution have to be prepared to have a plan of support for private enterprises to reach the same technology level. (3) Difference in background knowledge between both entities will have impact in technology transfer performance. In the beginning, the research institution have to prepare to remedy this difference in recognition to prevent developing a product that is not competitive in the market. (4) Market changes fast. The research institution should reinforce interaction between itself and private enterprises in technology commoditization and responds to difference phase of product development and market development. keyword : technology transferring, research institution, technology commercialization, new product development, critical success factor.