Talent management comprises an organization’s efforts to attract, select, develop and retain high-potential employees, as well as the identification of key positions in multinational companies (Stahl et al., 2012). Taiwanese talent management differs greatly compared to western practice based on the sociocultural difference between countries (Varma & Budhwar, 2013). Many dissimilarities in the HR practices between Taiwanese and western firms can be led back to the significant alteration of individualist and collectivist perspectives and characteristics. However, many talent management differences in Taiwan as opposed to Western countries can also be connected to Confucianism and to influences of Taiwanese culture – which is unique due to Taiwan’s democratic laissez-faire market economy mixed with a pinch of Chinese characteristics. For Western companies seeking FDI in Taiwan or planning to set up a subsidy it is crucial to form a deep understanding of these differences which is essential to the firm’s hiring success. This study focuses on exploring the differences between Taiwanese and Western Talent Management approaches and draws on deeper psychological research (MBTI) to analyze cultural and psychosomatic dissimilarities with regards to behavior.

共和肇建之初，1912年由狄葆賢創辦的《佛學叢報》，體現了傳統到近代的轉變過程：一方面保存了與傳統關係的連續性；一方面受到近代的衝擊而產生了突破傳統的非連續性。本研究首先分析「佛教與國家：近代國家建構對佛教經濟基礎的挑戰」，探討中國佛教界面對清末以來廟產興學帶來的壓迫，與民初臨時約法規定人人有信仰自由的條文，突破了以往「被動」且不問世事的「山林佛教」，轉變為積極爭取該有的權利，「主動」參與社會事務的「入世佛教」之型態。接著討論「知識轉型：佛教歷史的近代書寫與歷史觀之形成」，審視近代中國佛教受到日本明治維新借鑒西方史學方法論的影響，開始運用社會科學的寫作方式撰寫近代中國佛教的歷史，傳統的宗門與判教的撰寫型態，轉型成具近代通史性質的歷史分期寫作方式。最終視察「信仰轉型：佛教信仰認知的重新建構」，理解佛教為回應近代新思潮的衝擊，讓信仰的根基能免於摧毀，外在尋求學習新式科學的方法，內在也回溯至傳統佛學中找尋因應之道，內外交織形成了近代佛教信仰的轉型特色。藉由佛教與國家、知識，以及信仰這三大議題，理解近代佛教在清末民初新舊交替大時代的環境中，面對國家政治文化的變遷，與日本明治維新以來學術研究成果的影響，藉此思考佛教近代轉型的現實意義。

University of Macau / Faculty of Education

晚近研究經世思想之風氣頗盛，而多著重於明末清初與清朝中葉以來兩時期；以前者 乃居歷來經世發展之關鍵地位，而后者則受近代西方思想之影響。筆者自來即對儒家 經世致用之學存有濃厚興趣，加之有感於明末清初經世思想之特殊地位與意義，乃以 其時最具代表意義之黃宗義之經世思想為本論文之研究對象。本論文分為六章，各章 之主要內容如下： 第壹章 緒論。概略介紹本文之研究動機、內容、方法與預期結果，并略述黃宗義生 平。 第貳章 經世思想之探討源。主要乃自宏觀角度對經世思想之發展做溯源工作，以顯 黃宗義經世思想之具由傳統步向近代之轉折意義。 第參章 黃宗義承心學而轉經世思想之歷程。此則由微觀角度就黃宗義之經世思想做 溯源工作，主要針對其學承與轉變進行檢視；藉以輔助前文所做宏觀之溯源，從而更 明確呈現黃宗義經世思想之源起。 第肆章 黃宗義經世思想之論析。透過對黃宗義經世思想之內容本質、思想特色、切 實踐履三方面論述闡析，冀得其經世思想之真貌。 第伍章 黃宗義經世思想對后世之啟發。則對黃宗義經世思想啟發后世之處，采比對 法深入了解，以確認經世思想之關鍵地位。 第陸章 結論。除總結本文外，并將申明傳統儒者所展現之悲壯精神。 本論文乃欲藉對黃宗義經世思想之探討，以體現儒家之經世精神，從而彰顯儒家體用 之學之真諦。

本文擇定中國大陸研究中的傳播研究作為觀察的起點，欲針對國內學院所生產出「中國大陸傳播研究」相關的學位論文進行分析，希望整理並解釋半世紀來台灣的中國大陸傳播研究呈現出的論述圖像。因此，本研究關注的焦點有二，首先是五十餘年來，台灣的「中國大陸傳播研究」發展出那些特點；其次則是這些特點代表著什麼樣的意義？ 針對第一個問題，本文共篩選出111篇「中國大陸傳播研究」學位論文，分別以研究主題、研究方法及使用理論等三項目進行整理與歸納。結果發現，無論是大陸研究所或新聞傳播研究所，其研究主題、研究方法、理論等皆呈現趨同的現象，即以「蘇聯共產報業理論」作為解釋工具，觀察中國大陸傳播媒體宣傳運作的情況。 「蘇聯共產報業理論」事實上是「極權主義」典範下所衍生的理論體系，而極權主義模式則是在冷戰氣氛下，西方資本主義國家用來「理解」共產世界的一套論述體系，而這樣的理論伴隨而來的則是「西方中心主義」的假設與預期，因此本文認為，扣合著中國大陸本身的動態發展，我們應該調整與發展新的理論典範，以跳脫傳統「蘇聯共產報業理論」的侷限與制約。 / Intending to analyze the domestic academic theses being related to “the communication research of Mainland China”, this study, choosing the communication studies of Mainland China as a starting point, is written with the aim of organizing and explaining the discourse image having been shown in these studies in Taiwan since half a century ago. Moreover, we wish to answer the following two questions in this study. First, what characteristics have been developed in “the communication studies of Mainland China” in Taiwan for the passing fifty years? And second, what particular meanings are presented in these characteristics? Aiming at answering the first question, this study analyzes 111 academic theses of “the communication studies of Mainland China” by examining and generalizing their research topics, research methods and theoretical backgrounds. And the result shows that the Institute of Mainland China Studies and the Institute of Communication Studies tend to have similar research topics, research methods and theoretical backgrounds. Specifically speaking, both of them observe and explain the propagation of the mass media in Mainland China by the Soviet Communication Theory,. However, the Soviet Communication Theory is actually a theoretical framework derived from the paradigm of totalitarianism, which is a discourse system used by the western capitalist countries to understand the communistic society in the cold-war atmosphere, and followed by the hypothesis and anticipation of the ethnocentrism. Therefore, this study claims that, following the dynamic development of Mainland China, we should adjust the previous theoretical framework and develop a new theoretical paradim to escape from the limitation of the traditional Soviet Communication Theory.

將本論文比較出生於1980年至1997年之東西方社會年輕人的社會價值與態度。 這群年輕人通稱為「千禧世代」。在新千禧長大的他們被視為歷史上平均受教育最多的一群人， 世界的未來也剛好在他們手上。因此，深入瞭解千禧世代的個人態度與行為模式相當重要。本論文與過往研究不同之處在於比較此世代在東方與西方社會中的區別。 本論文聚焦在個人學歷對 其社會價值及態度的影響，並進一步衡量當地不同文化帶來的效果。 / This research compares socials values and attitudes of individuals born in East Asian and Western societies after 1980 to 1997. The aforementioned time frame encompasses a generation that has been labeled Millennial, for it accounts for individuals who came of age in the beginning of the new millennium. It is considered the biggest and best educated generation in history and is the leader of the tomorrow’s economy; hence, it has become an increasingly important topic for research and discussion in order to understand its particular characteristics. This research study differentiates itself from those existent, in that it focuses on comparing Millennials from different geographic origins and cultural zones —East Asian and Western countries. It identifies and analyzes the effect of educational attainment on individuals’ attitudes toward the self and their role in society considering the particular features of their geographic zones of origin. The study shed light on the effect of education and origin on Millennials’ attitudes toward issues of social interest such as: abortion, homosexuality, divorce, sex before marriage and women emancipation; having East Asians, a more conservative approach than Westerns have. Furthermore, contrary to what it was expected, it was observed higher levels of self-centered attitude among East Asians when compared to their counterpart in the West.

No description available.

本實驗室於先前利用莫氏水迷津試驗篩選學習快與學習慢的大白鼠，取出其海馬迴組織並進行聚合酶連鎖反應差異顯示(PCR differential display)，結果顯示學習快與學習慢的大白鼠背側海馬迴之間共有98個cDNA片段有差異表現。把這些cDNA片段進行定序並利用BLAST資料庫比對，其中一個cDNA片段為大白鼠的pias1 [protein inhibitor of activated STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1)] 基因。為了瞭解pias1基因的表現是否和空間學習有所關聯，隨機把大白鼠分成兩組，一組為有訓練組別(有空間線索與隱藏式平台)，另一組為無訓練的組別(沒有平台，作為游泳的控制組)同時進行莫氏水迷津學習試驗。試驗完畢，取出海馬迴組織進行即時定量聚合酶連鎖反應與西方墨點法來分析PIAS1的mRNA與蛋白質的表現。結果顯示有水迷津訓練的大白鼠，其PIAS1的mRNA與蛋白質表現皆明顯的高於無訓練的組別。為了更進一步確認PIAS1在空間學習中所扮演的角色，我們利用基因轉染的技術，轉染PIAS1 siRNA至大白鼠海馬迴CA1區域抑制PIAS1的表現。我們發現轉染PIAS1 siRNA至CA1區域會抑制大白鼠在水迷津的行為表現，然而轉染野生型的PIAS1質體基因至CA1區域卻會增進水迷津試驗的學習能力，同時我們也以西方墨點法發現，當轉染PIAS1 siRNA會增加STAT1 Tyr701的磷酸化，而轉染PIAS1 WT則會抑制STAT1 Tyr701的磷酸化。為了探討PIAS1促進記憶形成的分子機制，我們發現當轉染突變型的STAT1 Y701F質體基因至CA1區域，會抑制PIAS1 siRNA所造成記憶的損害。這些實驗結果代表著PIAS1會抑制STAT1 Tyr701的磷酸化，而PIAS1促進記憶的形成可能是藉由抑制STAT1 Tyr701的磷酸化而達成。另外，我們也單獨轉染突變型的STAT1 Y701F質體基因至CA1區域，水迷津實驗結果顯示會促進空間記憶的形成。目前PIAS1在免疫的角色已有許多研究證實，但是本篇研究是第一個提出PIAS1會參與哺乳類動物學習與記憶形成探討。 / Our laboratory has previously identified 98 cDNA fragments by using PCR differential display from rat dorsal hippocampus that are differentially expressed between fast learners and slow learners from the water maze learning task. After sequencing and BLAST analysis, one of these cDNA fragments encodes the rat pias1 [protein inhibitor of activated STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1)] gene. In order to determine whether pias1 gene expression is associated with spatial learning, naïve rats were randomly assigned to the trained group (with visual cues and platform been present) and the non-trained group (without the platform as the swimming control). The dorsal hippocampus from these animals was dissected out at the end of the training and was subjected to RNA and protein extraction for real-time PCR and Western blot analysis of PIAS1 expression, respectively. Results revealed that the pias1 mRNA level and protein level was both higher in the hippocampus of trained rats than non-trained rats. To further examine the role of PIAS1 involved in spatial learning and memory, the specific PIAS1 siRNA was used to knockdown the expression of PIAS1 in rat hippocampal CA1 region. We found that transfection of PIAS1 siRNA to the CA1 area impaired water maze performance, whereas transfection of the wild-type PIAS1 DNA plasmid to the CA1 area facilitated water maze performance in rats. Meanwhile, PIAS1 siRNA increased STAT1 phosphorylation at Tyr701 whereas PIAS1 WT decreased STAT1 phosphorylation at this residue. In the examination of molecular mechanism underlying PIAS1-mediated memory facilitation, we have found that transfection of the STAT1 Y701F mutant plasmid antagonized the memory-impairing effect of PIAS1 siRNA, whereas transfection of STAT1 Y701F alone facilitated spatial memory formation. These results together suggest that one of the molecular mechanisms underlying PIAS1-mediated memory facilitation is through decreased STAT1 phosphorylation at Tyr701. All these manipulations did not affect visible platform learning in rats. In addition to the well documented role of PIAS1 in the immune system, here we have been the first to demonstrate a novel role of PIAS1 involved in spatial memory formation in rats.

引用文獻分析法可觀察學科研究特性與歷程、未來發展趨勢、學科與跨學科關係，並建構知識地圖，但較少被應用在人文學領域的研究。而文學作品包含著豐富意涵，具有多種探討面向，正可藉引用文獻分析法來觀察其被引用的情形，而發現其多元內涵。本研究透過引用文獻分析法，以1950至2008年間台灣高度翻譯的西方外國文學作品為對象，觀察其在國外被引用的次數，以及年代、語言、主題分佈情形，以了解文學作品在台灣被翻譯次數與在國外被引用次數之差異與相關性、在不同年代、語言、主題領域中的不同影響性，以及被研究與引用的分佈情形。 研究結果如下：1.西方外國文學作品被引用次數概況：(1)整體而言，文學作品被翻譯次數與被引用次數相關程度為低度正相關；(2)西班牙文學分區之作品與莎士比亞的作品在台灣被翻譯次數與在國外被引用次數皆成高度正相關；(3)被引用次數前三名的文學分區為英國、古代西洋、法國文學；(4)被引用次數前三名的文學作品為《伊里亞德》、《奧德賽》、《神曲》。2.被引用之年代分佈情形：(1) 各文學分區最高被引年代多集中在1990年代；(2) 各年代區段皆以英國文學分區被引次數最高；(3) 1970、1980與1990三個年代區段皆以《伊里亞德》被引次數最高。3.被引用之語言分佈情形：(1) 各文學分區皆被引用在英語文章中最多；(2) 各語言文章中所高度引用的文學分區與文學作品多與該地區所使用之語言相符。4.被引用之主題分佈情形：(1) 各文學分區除了古代西洋文學，皆被引用在文學主題領域文章中最多；(2) 各主題文章所高度引用之文學作品多屬古代西洋、英國、義大利、法國與德國文學作品。 本研究結果可應用於圖書資訊界在規劃館藏發展、進行參考服務及舉辦閱讀推廣活動時之參考。外文學門研究者可藉由不同文學分區之文學作品被引用的多寡與分佈情形，觀察各文學分區與文學作品被研究的狀況與範圍，進一步探討學術研究與發展史、觀察文學作品在不同語言國家與主題領域的影響力，並發現跨科際整合研究的契機，探掘文學作品更多元深沉的內涵。 / Citation Analysis reveals research characteristics, research development, scholarly communication, and helps to construct knowledge map. However, little research devoted to the cited situation of humanity discipline. This study aims to investigate how literary works were cited. Through Citation Index, the Western literary works highly translated in Taiwan during 1950 and 2008 were examined in terms of their cited times and cited distribution in foreign papers. The findings are as follows. Correlational analysis of translated times of Western literary works in Taiwan and cited times of which in foreign research was lowly positive. Nevertheless, the translated times of Spanish literature in Taiwan and cited times of which in foreign research were highly positive correlated, and also the case in Shakespeare’s works. English literature was the most highly cited literary division in five year period, and Iliad was the most highly cited work in 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. In all literary divisions, more than half of the citing papers were in English. On the whole, the language of citing papers corresponded to the language of their highly citing literary division and works. Except for Classical literature, all literary divisions were highly cited by papers of literature subject area. In different subject areas, most highly cited works belonged to Classical literature, English literature, Italian literature, French literature, and German literature. The results of the study may assist in Collection Development, Reference, and reading promotion. On the other hand, foreign literature researchers can further observe research progress, review literary theory, and proceed interdisciplinary research to explore the abundant and diverse connotation of literary works.

本文旨在研究俄羅斯傳統服飾文化與當代俄羅斯時裝產業之進程。首先介紹俄羅斯傳統服飾種類及特色，再依不同時代背景詳述俄羅斯服飾文化的演變，其次透過與西方服飾設計之比較，進一步探討俄羅斯當代時裝產業的轉變，最後解析俄羅斯時裝產業在21世紀所面臨的國際情勢影響與後續發展。 俄羅斯因其獨特的地理位置及種族多元文化之特性，造就其服飾文化的豐厚與迷人。筆者希望透過本之研究，瞭解俄羅斯複雜而多樣的服裝美學，也讓國人一同認識人類文明最綺麗的瑰寶。