Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:55:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Dugnani.pdf: 21889289 bytes, checksum: bb14be514d78b7523b9ee2c1bed07474 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-27 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This thesis claims that the values from the neoliberal discourse on the Brazilian (state and private) pensions are materialized on the newspapers: O Estado de S. Paulo (OESP), Folha de S. Paulo (FSP) e O Globo (OG). The identification and comprehension of such neoliberal values on the journalistic texts and on the newspaper advertisements contribute to the understanding of the relation between the aforementioned newspapers and the neoliberal discourse regarding the need for a new Brazilian State Pension reform that would involve, in general terms and under a market logic, a reduction of the benefits offered by the State Pension and, thus, opening space for the development of several kinds of private pensions. This is a key understanding for comprehending the market interests in the appropriation of more financial resources, which are going to be directed to the ambit of the financial globalization and of the implications of such process for the working class that daily lives the dismantling of the State Pension in Brazil and worldwide by the conservative remodeling proposed by the neoliberals. In order to achieve the objective of this research, which is to identify, analyze and interpret the values from the neoliberal discourse regarding the Brazilian pensions that are on the newspapers: OESP, FSP and OG, this thesis relies on the Bakhtin circle s philosophy of language and on the Dialogic Discourse Analysis (DDA) formulated from a Bakhtinian standpoint. The theoretical and methodological framework grounded on such perspective demands the analysis of both the journalistic texts that constitute the corpus of this research and the texts that are not necessarily on those newspapers pages, but which dialogues with them by addressing the neoliberalism and its relation with the social security, the Brazilian pensions and the news organizations approached by this thesis. The corpus of this research is composed by journalistic texts (news, press notes, opinion articles, editorials and interviews) and newspaper advertisements regarding the Brazilian pensions, which were published from 1st Oct. of 2010 to 31st March of 2011, i.e. in a period that comprehends the run-up to the elections and the beginning of Roussef s presidential term, by the newspapers: OESP, FSP and OG. The dialogic discourse analysis conducted here enabled the identification and comprehension of three traditional values from the neoliberalism in relation to the Brazilian pensions, which are: the need for a tightening of the fiscal stance in order to balance the budget of the Brazilian state pension; the meritocracy related to the private pension; and, the State s inefficiency in dealing with the pension system / Esta pesquisa defende a tese de que valores do discurso neoliberal sobre a previdência brasileira se materializam nas páginas dos jornais O Estado de S. Paulo (OESP), Folha de S. Paulo (FSP) e O Globo (OG). A identificação e compreensão desses valores neoliberais em matérias jornalísticas e anúncios publicitários contribui para o entendimento da relação entre os jornais acima citados e o discurso neoliberal no debate sobre a necessidade de uma nova reforma da Previdência Social brasileira, que, em termos gerais, sob a lógica do mercado, envolveria a redução da proteção do sistema previdenciário público, abrindo espaço para o desenvolvimento de diversas formas de previdência privada. Esse entendimento é fundamental para a compreensão dos interesses de mercado na apropriação de mais recursos a serem lançados no circuito da mundialização financeira e das consequências desse processo para a classe trabalhadora, que, a cada dia, presencia o desmonte dos sistemas de proteção social no Brasil e no Mundo mediante a reestruturação conservadora neoliberal. Para cumprir o objetivo a que se propõe identificar, analisar e interpretar os valores do discurso neoliberal sobre a previdência brasileira nos jornais OESP, FSP e OG esta tese se apoia na filosofia da linguagem do Círculo de Bakhtin e na Análise Dialógica do Discurso (ADD) advinda dessa filosofia. A teoria-metodologia daí decorrente exige tanto a análise dos materiais dos jornais que compõe o corpus de pesquisa, quanto daquilo que não está necessariamente nesse material, mas que com ele dialoga, sendo que, no caso desta pesquisa, isso envolve o neoliberalismo e a sua relação com a seguridade social, a previdência brasileira e as empresas jornalísticas em questão. O corpus de análise desta pesquisa é composto por matérias jornalísticas (notícias, notas, reportagens, artigos, editoriais e entrevistas) e anúncios publicitários sobre a previdência no Brasil publicados nos jornais impressos OESP, FSP e OG entre 1º de outubro de 2010 e 31 de março de 2011, período compreendido entre as vésperas do 1º turno das eleições presidenciais e o início do primeiro mandato da presidenta Dilma Rousseff. A análise dialógica do discurso aqui promovida possibilitou a identificação e compreensão de três valores tradicionais do neoliberalismo em diálogo com a previdência brasileira, a saber: a necessidade de rigor na política fiscal para equilibrar as contas da Previdência Social; a meritocracia associada à previdência privada; e a ineficiência da ação do Estado no sistema previdenciário

A philosophic account of quantum physics. The thesis is divided into two parts. Part I is dedicated to laying the groundwork of quantum physics, and explaining some of the primary difficulties. Subjects of interest will include the principle of locality, the quantum uncertainty principle, and Einstein's criterion for reality. Quantum dilemmas discussed include the double-slit experiment, observations of spin and polarization, EPR, and Bell's theorem. The first part will argue that mathematical-physical descriptions of the world fall short of explaining the experimental observations of quantum phenomenon. The problem, as will be argued, is framework of the physical descriptive schema. Part I includes in-depth discussions of mathematical principles. Part II will discuss the Copenhagen interpretation as put forth by its founders. The Copenhagen interpretation will be expressed as a paradox: The classical physical language cannot describe quantum phenomenon completely and with certainty, yet this language is the only possible method of articulating the physical world. The paradox of Copenhagen will segway into Kant's critique of metaphysics. Kant's understanding of causality, things-in-themselves, and a priori synthetic metaphysics. The thesis will end with a conclusion of the quantum paradox by juxtaposing anti-materialist Martin Heidegger with quantum founder Werner Heisenberg. Our conclusion will be primarily a discussion of how we understand the world, and specifically how our understanding of the world creates potential for truth.

This thesis offers a thematic analysis of Victor Pelevin’s Generation ”П” and Empire V. The objective is to determine which themes can be regarded as central when the novels are compared to one another, and how these themes function in the two novels. This analysis shows that in Generation ”П” and Empire V, Pelevin constructs two overarching, parallel myths – the myth of Babylon and the myth of the Word, building a narrative that is solidly anchored in contemporary discourse. The study concludes that these myths are not built to serve as narrative explanations of, or answers to, the issues explored in the novels. Instead, the myths serve as vehicles for an open-ended, exploratory process, which might never be finally concluded. In contrast to previous research, this study contends that the construction of these myths may be the novels’ primary purpose and that through these myths the novels present the reader with a fictional framework, through which to regard the real world.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:12:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3094.pdf: 2356538 bytes, checksum: c4e0d2086748f9a3497a2ab4f7178b12 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-22 / This thesis analyzes the grammar of the psychological vocabulary with the idea that inner world (the subjectivity) and external world (the behavior) are connected by grammatical relations which must be clarified through a conceptual inquiry and not through empirical findings. To reach to the objective we analyzed the common point of view that we have of our inner world and traces the linkings between our affirmations about the inner world and how they acquire meaning from this common point of view. The following step was to analyze the conception of privacy that the common point of view attributes to the events of the inner world. After this we argue that the common conception does not could be a base for the construction of a philosophical explanation of the inner world. Therefore the objective of the common vision of our interior world is not to elaborate a scientific explanation. At the same time we conclude that our common conception of the psychological vocabulary is not a proto-theory that must be developed by the philosophical investigations. From this we open the way to present the philosophical point of view of Ludwig Wittgenstein about the psychological vocabulary. We explain this point of view to clarify our objective. Subsequently we presents the conception of language of Wittgenstein and we link his conception with the way for which he treated or understanding of the psychological vocabulary. With this explanation we show that when we are dealing with the affirmations of our inner world - our psychological vocabulary - we are not contending with a dichotomy between behaviorism and Cartesianism. Wittgenstein shows that we have another form to explain our language about the inner world. According to Wittgenstein's philosophy of the psychology our behavior is an expression of the inner world, that is, the inner if express world through the behavior despite if it does not reduce to the behavior. With such idea, Wittgenstein admits that the relation enters our affirmations on the interior world cannot be understood in isolated way of our behavior. At the same time, our behavior alone is not the criterion for understanding of the inner world, is necessary that the behavior be considered inside of a specific language game that is our use of our concepts of the psychological vocabulary. / Ao partir do princípio de que o mundo interior (a subjetividade) e o mundo exterior (o comportamento) estão ligados entre si por relações gramaticais, esta tese analisa a gramática do vocabulário psicológico. Propõe que estas relações gramaticais devem ser esclarecidas através de uma investigação conceitual, e não por investigações, empíricas. Para que alcancemos o objetivo desejado, foi analisado o ponto de vista comum que temos de nosso mundo interior. Tal visão traça as ligações entre as nossas afirmações sobre o mundo interior e como elas adquirem significado a partir deste ponto de vista comum. O passo seguinte consistiu em analisar a concepção de privacidade que o ponto de vista comum atribui aos eventos do mundo interior. Demonstramos, após estas análises, que a concepção comum não serve de base para a construção de uma explicação filosófica do mundo interior e das afirmações que dele fazemos. Isto porque o objetivo da visão comum de nosso mundo interior não é a de elaborar uma explicação científica. Ao mesmo tempo, mostramos que nossa concepção comum do vocabulário psicológico não é uma proto-teoria que deve ser desenvolvida pela Filosofia. Com isto, abrimos caminho para apresentar o ponto de vista filosófico de Ludwig Wittgenstein sobre o vocabulário psicológico. Para que este ponto de vista fosse explicativo em relação ao nosso objetivo, apresentamos a concepção de linguagem de Wittgenstein, ligando esta concepção com o modo como Wittgenstein tratou o vocabulário psicológico. Através desta análise, mostramos que, ao tratarmos com as afirmações de nosso mundo interior nosso vocabulário psicológico não estamos diante de uma dicotomia entre behaviorismo e cartesianismo. Isto, pelo fato de termos outra possibilidade de tratar nossa linguagem quando nos referimos ao mundo interior. Segundo a Filosofia da Psicologia, de Ludwig Wittgenstein, o comportamento é uma expressão do mundo interior, isto é, o mundo interior se expressa através do comportamento, ainda que a este não se reduza. A partir de tal ideia, Wittgenstein propõe que a relação entre as nossas afirmações sobre o mundo interior não podem ser compreendidas de maneira isolada de nosso comportamento. Juntemos a isto que tão somente o nosso comportamento não é critério para compreensão do mundo interior Portanto, há necessidade, de que o comportamento seja considerado dentro de um jogo de linguagem específico, que consiste no uso de nossos conceitos do vocabulário psicológico.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:14:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4715.pdf: 16730774 bytes, checksum: d768455056e10756be408d6e470403c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-22 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The objective of this thesis was to discuss the election of 2010 under the bias of print journalism. The analysis was made by the editorial in the Folha de S.Paulo and O Estado de S.Paulo. We had as hypothesis that newspapers represent concepts and ideas of the reading public medium that would influence the editorial published in the coverage of the three major presidential candidates. Then, we compare the final result of the election with the different approaches of the editorials in relation to candidates in order to know whether an editorial could influence the election or not. The theory was founded on the philosophy of language, concept and method created by Mikhail Bakhtin and based on ideological correctness of the text and context, relating the socio-historical moment. The theory was founded on the philosophy of language, concept and method created by Mikhail Bakhtin and based on the correlation of the text and ideological context, relating the socio-historical moment. The qualitative results showed that O Estado de S.Paulo quoted 14.02% of 442 collected texts cited presidential candidates, while the Folha de S.Paulo quoted presidential candidates in 22.8% of 285 texts - with the name appearing Rousseff on average 59 times, Jose Serra quoted 37.5 and Marina Silva quote 10.5. The qualitative result proved the trajectory of incandescent Election: Nine themes were prevalent in newspaper articles and revealed a complex scenario of the race to the presidency. We observed that the effect of former President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva and political scandals have earned high relief - generating protests from editorial writers - highlighting the role of the press watchdog - to the point of the O Estado de S.Paulo first take position in an election. In the other one was related issues directly with the electoral rules, the relationship with government plans while the other (FARC, Abortion/religion and Privatization) resumed discourses that traditionally appear at critical moments in which it is called when it is necessary to trigger the review public. / O objetivo desta tese foi abordar a Eleição de 2010 sob o viés do jornalismo impresso. A análise foi feita pelos editoriais da Folha de S.Paulo e O Estado de S.Paulo. Tínhamos como hipótese primeira que os jornais representam conceitos e ideias do público leitor médio, o que influenciaria no que os editoriais publicaram na cobertura dos três principais candidatos à presidência. Depois, buscamos comparar o resultado final do pleito com as diversas abordagens dos editoriais em relação aos candidatos a fim de saber se um editorial poderia influenciar ou não a eleição. A base teórica foi fundada na Filosofia da Linguagem, conceito e método criado pelo russo Mikhail Bakhtin que se apoia na correlação ideológica do texto e contexto, relacionando o momento sócio-histórico. O resultado qualitativo mostrou que O Estado de S.Paulo citou 14,02% de 442 textos coletados citavam os presidenciáveis, enquanto a Folha de S.Paulo citou os presidenciáveis em 22,8% dos 285 textos com o nome de Dilma Rousseff aparecendo em média 59 vezes, José Serra 37,5 citação e Marina Silva com 10,5. O resultado qualitativo mostrou a trajetória candente da Eleição: nove temas foram preponderantes nos textos jornalísticos e revelaram um cenário complexo da corrida ao Palácio do Planalto. Pudemos constatar que o efeito do ex-presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva e os escândalos políticos ganharam alto relevo gerando protestos dos editorialistas ressaltando o papel da imprensa cão de guarda até o ponto do O Estado de S.Paulo pela primeira vez assumir posição em uma eleição. Nos demais temas um foi relacionado diretamente com as regras eleitorais, a relação com os planos de governo enquanto os outros (FARC, Aborto/religião e Privatização) reassumiram discursos que aparecem tradicionalmente nos momentos críticos em que se é convocado quando é preciso acionar a opinião pública.

in English The aim of this diploma thesis is to compare novels by Elfriede Jelinek, Ingeborg Bachmann, and Thomas Bernhard on the grounds of each authors' different understanding of language and its limits. The first part is concerned with what I found typical of the novels: Bachmann's Malina (1971) describes and represents the search for (non-violent) language, Jelinek's The Piano Teacher (1983) makes use of violent language as a weapon against violence, and Bernhard's novels problematize the question of truth and objectivity by means of first-person narrators and nested testimonies. The second part uses Roman Jakobson's theory of language as a combination of metaphor and metonymy and shows the ways in which novels can emphasize one or the other pole and what it tells about the language as a whole. Especially in the case of the texts by Bachmann and Jelinek, the important methodological models for his paper are feminist theories: theories of language and means of expression (Drucilla Cornell, John Berger), theories of cultural conditionality of the body (Simone de Beauvoir, Iris Marion Young) and feminist texts which connect body and language (Beatrice Hanssen). On the contrary, in the novels and for their analysis, the approaches that allow for gender essentialism (Luce Irigaray) prove to be...

The present thesis interpretes Nicholas Onuf´s fundamental book World of Our Making. This text tries to evaluate Maja Zehfuss´ and Charlotte Epstein´s poststructuralist arguments against constructivist IR theory and tries to resolve the problem within a broader philosophical context. In the end it seeks to consider their argument against the inherent tension of Onuf´s constructivism and consequently suggest a possible solution.

No description available.

Words are fickle, easily misunderstood, and often put us at a loss... but we all have so much we feel we need to express. This begs the question: Is there any safe way of communication? Can anything ever really be communicated how you mean it? Will you ever see the reflection of what you feel, think, and dream outside of yourself? In response to this existential dilemma, I imagine an alternative language of images, sounds, color, feelings, and non-identification. My thesis is a meditation on the issues with standard language and the idea of alternative language. In my argument I understand language as a medium, and communication as an art for which we choose the medium that best conveys what we need to express. Through an experimental audiovisual collage film, I grapple with the phenomenon of the inexpressible and play with alternative ways that we can communicate more effectively and truthfully– with an emphasis on image-language.

Philosophy is the quest for wisdom and hence it may share a common end with religion. Not all philosophies are, however, concerned with this end, nor, again are all religions involved with a quest for wisdom. There may be different techniques and tools employed in the accomplishment of wisdom, but this dissertation is concerned only with the study of the nature and use of reason. In the philosophy of Plato reason is employed in diverse fields including mathematics, myths, and elaborate analogies, but when he turns to reason itself, then it becomes important to this analysis. Reason may be utilized in other systems of thought, say in Aristotelian, but when it is functioning as the sole or paramount vehicle to the Good--then it is the subject for this paper and its contents will be examined. In the works of Plato, the use of reason in this sense is termed dialectic. The terms "philosophy" and "dialectic" are, of course, derived from the Greek. It is equally clear that a radical change has occurred in the meanings of these terms from the original formulation in the Hellenic Age to the present day. The primary and original meanings of these terms have been nearly eclipsed by modern usages and there is a confusion as to the basic meanings and content of these terms. This problem is further complicated by the tacit agreement that whatever is modern, or of late origin, must be better than what preceded it. Hence there is today a general reluctance to examine basic origins and classic sources. Contrary to this belief is the concept that every real advance is a result of returning to the basic origins and sources and redefining problems from this perspective. This work will base itself on the latter concept. The final object will be to re-examine the grounds and the extent to which philosophy can be termed dialectical. It is a request to reconsider philosophy in the terms of dialectic. A return to origins, in this case, is a return to the Greeks and the terms philosophy and dialectic will be defined with reference to the classic philosopher and dialectician - Plato. The Platonic concept of dialectic is to be utilized as a standard and basis of judging other systems that have been termed dialectical. Further, the work intends to reply to the criticism that philosophy, including philosophy as dialectic, has been superseded by religion since religion rather than philosophy can better insure the object of philosophy-- wisdom. Such a rejection of philosophy and dialectic must of course presuppose a familiarity with the process of the Platonic dialectic as well as its scope. Thus, a rejection, to be considered, must demonstrate a knowledge of Plato and an understanding of the dialectic. A decline of philosophy and dialectic based upon a valid criticism would be justified. On the other hand, it is important to discern the mechanism implicit in a denial of philosophy, as well as dialectic, in order to discern the consequences that follow from such a denial. Different systems of thought have been termed dialectic and those chosen for analysis will be examined to determine whether they advance the concept of dialectic as defined in the thesis, and if they do not, to see if it is possible to assign a cause. The deficiencies and inadequacies of the Platonic concept of philosophy as dialectic will also be shown and an attempt to correct this will be made by recourse to other traditions of thought. In the succeeding chapters, the analysis will include Augustine, Vico, Kant, Hegel, and Jung, as well as Gaudapada, Sankara, Nagarjuna, Confucius, and Lao Tzu. These authors have been chosen because of their use of dialectic and/or because they can contribute to the concept of dialectic as a philosophy as noted in this thesis. There is no intention to review or appraise any part of their work, except as regards their use of dialectic in selected instances. The philosophers are chosen to support and to illustrate the thesis of this dissertation. Therefore the task will be to define dialectic within the philosophy of Plato, to account for its decline or rejection, analyze some private definitions of dialectic, and to correct any shortcomings or inadequacies of dialectic.