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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
71

散布性私密影像行為之研究 / A study on non-consensual pornography

張凱強 Unknown Date (has links)
隨著科技日新月異的快速演進,在這資訊科技爆炸性發展的當代社會,傳播科技提供世人許多日常生活中的便利性,然於此同時,亦促發諸多舊有之犯罪態樣因不當濫用傳播科技,而產生新型態之蛻變。近年來,個人與性相關的私密影片照片,在未經當事人同意的狀況下而遭到外流的事件頻傳,此種犯罪態樣在全球氾濫的程度,已然引起各國關注。   這種被稱為「未得同意散布性私密影像」(Non-Consensual Pornography,NCP),亦常被泛稱為「復仇式色情」(Revenge Porn)的新興犯罪態樣,被害人多以女性為主,且經常係發生於親密伴侶在彼此關係破裂後,遭持有影像之一方用以威脅、恫嚇,或進而散布以造成傷害之手段,尤其結合網際網路複製便利、快速傳播及高度匿名等特質,往往會對於被害人造成其隱私、人格、就學就業等人際關係之破壞,更因資訊一旦經上傳於網路即難以完全移除,故此種犯罪行為實會對被害人身心造成深遠、長久且難以挽回的創害。   本文期欲探討「未得同意散布性私密影像」行為,此種犯罪類型在我國有何態樣及其氾濫程度,又我國刑事司法政策對此如何評價。此外,國際立法趨勢又如何防治此種因新傳播科技所衍伸之新興犯罪態樣。故本文於第二章先透過蒐整分析國內外相關新聞資料、學術文獻,以爬梳、探究此一新興之犯罪態樣在國際社會間之發展脈絡及其定義,並蓋覽此一犯罪態樣呈現於各國統計資訊中之盛行趨勢,以及其以女性為主要被害族群之特質,探究社會文化中之厭女文化(Misogyny)惡性因果循環,而此種顯著之性別暴力問題。   進而於第三章中,本文首先將「未得同意散佈性私密影像」予以類型化分為「影像取得階段」、「藉以恐嚇階段」及「實行散布階段」等三種層面,並分別討論我國現行相關法制在其中之適用與司法判決實務現況,進而,剖析現行法益保護之紊亂,以及相關法律適用之錯誤與困境。   有鑑於前揭我國現行法制度之諸般問題,本文於第四章以「比較法分析」為基礎,探究國際社會對此新興犯罪態樣之立/修法趨勢,並分別爰引英國、加拿大、菲律賓及日本等四國之立法先例,探究並闡述各國將「未得同意散佈性私密影像」行為予以罪刑化(criminalize)之保護法益、構成要件與罪責,以及其他對於被害人之保護性措施。   透過前述國外立法先例之引介及分析,本文進而摘整其中值得我國參考借鏡之處,於第五章提出我國未來刑事立法及防治政策之相關建議,期能做為我國整體制度改革之楔子。 中文關鍵字:裸照外流、未得同意散布性私密影像、復仇式色情、散布猥褻物品、性隱私權 外文關鍵字:Non-Consensual Pornography、Revenge Porn、Intimate Sexual Images、Privacy
72

私人使用GPS取證之刑事法問題研究 / The enquiry of criminal law in the study of evidence acquired by private conduction of Global Positioning System

蘇軒儀, Su, Hsuan I Unknown Date (has links)
科技的發展與進步為人類社會帶來許多便利,但若未善用於正當的途徑將可能產生某種程度的反噬而成為侵害他人權利之工具。全球定位系統(GPS)應用在日常生活中常見的方式為汽車導航,然其同時具備的定位功能若用以作為取得他人位置資訊以及行車軌跡之手段,即有侵害被追蹤者隱私法益之疑慮,因此,在刑事實體及程序法上有其探討之必要。私人使用GPS取得證據之行為可分別從刑事實體及程序法之角度進行剖析,在實體法上所可能涉及者為刑法第315條之1的竊視竊聽竊錄罪與通訊保障及監察法第24條的違法通訊監察罪。本文首先詳細分析刑法第315條之1的內涵,並進而討論私人取得證據之行為是否構成刑法第315條之1的竊視竊聽竊錄罪。針對「非公開」要件的判斷,本文先就合理隱私期待的概念做出詳實的介紹,並輔以美國法上著名案例,從合理隱私期待的視角檢視「非公開」這個要件。另外,以GPS取得之資訊是否符合通訊保障及監察法中所稱「通訊」之意涵而有該當通訊保障及監察法第24條之違法通訊監察罪的可能本文亦一併進行探析。 而在程序法的層面,私人使用GPS取得證據之行為與私人不法取證有涉,本文於定義私人不法取證後,進一步分析私人使用GPS取得證據之行為是否符合私人不法取證之內涵。私人不法取證之證據能力於我國現行刑事訴訟法並無明文規定,實務與學說對此亦尚無較為統一之見解,本文嘗試從比較法的角度觀察,期能以外國法作為借鏡,提供不同面向的思考途徑。
73

求職者個人資訊保障之研究 / A Study on the Protection of Job Applicants’ Informational Privacy

詹岱蓉, Jan, Day Rong Unknown Date (has links)
雇主在招募過程中,為了提高企業的生產力或行政組織的效率,防免契約、侵權責任的發生,必須謹慎挑選人才,因此通常會以詢問或檢測(如人格測驗)盡量蒐集與求職者相關的資訊,來遴選合適員工。但是,雇主得要求應徵者揭露多少資訊?求職者在雇主的要求下,為了提高獲聘的機會,是否只能拋棄個人的隱私利益?這些疑惑均值得思考,從中也顯現出了雇主與求職者間利益衝突的問題。 關於求職者個人資訊的保障,我國目前的基本規範為「個人資料保護法(簡稱個資法)」及「就業服務法(簡稱就服法)第5條第2項第2款」。雇主如欲蒐集求職者的個資,除必須符合個資法的特定條款外,假若涉及隱私資訊,尚須通過就服法第5條第2項第2款「就業所需」的檢驗。 在這看似簡明的基本架構中,事實上存有許多令人困惑的地方,以個資法特定條款的蒐集事由為例,如:「執行法定職務必要範圍內」的意涵具體所指為何;「與當事人有類似契約之關係」是否包含雇主可請求當事人以外的第三人(如:前雇主)協助為履歷調查;以及「經當事人同意」在勞動關係不對等時其有效性的爭議等。而就服法第5條第2項第2款最讓人頭痛之處則為應如何詮釋「就業所需」。是以,我們須要更多的實務及學說見解來填充個資法與就服法勾勒出的雇主與求職者間利益權衡框架。 本文將先探討雇主通常是基於什麼考量而對求職者為哪些詢問及檢測;而應徵者面對這些詢問及檢測往往會有什麼憂慮。接著借鏡美國法制,剖析我國針對求職者個人資訊保障的判準,並關注在個資法修正與就服法第5條第2項第2款增訂後,過往的實務見解是否依舊恰當或有所革新。最後比較美國與我國法制的異同,提出檢討與建議,期望能在保障求職者個資的同時,也兼顧到雇主的利益。 / In the hiring process, employers need to select workers cautiously in order to improve the productivity and efficiency of their enterprises, and to avoid the potential liability caused by reckless employees. To screen out the best possible candidate for a particular job, employers usually wish to gather as much information about job applicants as possible by making oral or written inquiries, or conducting different kinds of employment tests (such as personality tests). However, what kind of information can employers legally require job applicants to disclose? Do job applicants have no choice but to relinquish their personal privacy if they want to be employed? To answer these questions, we need to carefully balance the competing interests between employers and job applicants. In Taiwan, “Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA)” and “Employment Service Act (ESA) §5II②” form the basic framework of protecting job applicants’ informational privacy. Employers need to obey specific provisions of the PIPA before they can collect job applicants’ information; and if private information is to be collected, employers should further confirm their collecting actions meet the “job-related” requirement specified by §5II② of the ESA. This legal framework seems simple and clear, but there are many questions remain to be answered. For example, what is the exact scope of the term “within the scope of job functions provided by laws and regulations” of the PIPA? Does the condition “quasi-contractual relationship between the Parties” specified in PIPA allow employers to contact third parties (such as job applicants’ former employers) and conduct a reference check? Further, since there is a serious power-imbalanced problem in the employment relationship, can we truly expect the job applicants to offer a free and valid consent when they are requested to provide their personal information? Last but not the least, what is the precise meaning of the term “job-related” of §5II② of the ESA? More studies and court judgments are needed to delineate the boundaries between what employers are entitled to know and what job applicants should be able to keep private. This thesis begins with analyzing why employers need/hope to gather information about job applicants and what screening tools they prefer to use. It then discusses job applicants’ concerns when they face employers’ inquiries or employment tests. By comparing relevant U.S. legislation and judicial decisions regarding the protection of job applicants’ informational privacy, this thesis examines the standards used in Taiwan’s case-law when balancing employers’ and job applicants’ interests. Special attentions are paid to the issue whether these standards are still appropriate or should be updated in light of the latest amendments to the PIPA and ESA. Finally, through concrete cases, this thesis tries to provide practical recommendations on how we can better protect job applicants’ privacy while respecting employers’ legitimate interests in knowing their future employees.
74

公務機關之間傳輸個人資料保護規範之研究-以我國、美國及英國法為中心 / A Comparative Study of Regulations for the Protection of Personal Data Transmitted between Government Agencies in Taiwan, the U.S. and the U.K.

林美婉, Lin, Mei Wan Unknown Date (has links)
政府利用公權力掌握之個人資訊包羅萬象,舉凡姓名、生日、身分證字號、家庭、教育、職業等。科技進步與網際網路發達,使原本散置各處之資料,可以迅速連結、複製、處理、利用;而為了增加行政效率與減少成本,機關透過網路提供公眾服務日益頻繁,藉由傳輸共用個人資料等情況已漸成常態。這些改變雖然對政府與民眾帶來利益,但是也伴隨許多挑戰,尤其當數機關必須共用資訊時,將使管理風險更添複雜與難度,一旦過程未加妥善管制,遭人竊取、竄改、滅失或洩露,不僅當事人隱私受損,也嚴重傷害政府威信。因此,凡持有個人資料的政府機關,均必須建立適當行政、技術與實體防護措施,以確保資料安全與隱密,避免任何可能危及資料真實之威脅與機會,而造成個人人格與公平之侵害。   隨著全球經濟相互連結以及網路普及,個人資料保護如今已是國際事務,這個趨勢顯現在愈來愈多的國家法律與跨國條款如OECD、歐盟、APEC等國際組織規範。而在先進國家中,美國與英國關於資訊隱私法制發展有其不同歷史背景,目前美國聯邦機關持有使用個人資料必須遵循的主要法規為隱私法、電腦比對與隱私保護法、電子化政府法、聯邦資訊安全管理法,以及預算管理局發布的相關指導方針;英國政府則必須遵守人權法與歐盟指令架構所制定的資料保護法,並且受獨立資訊官監督審核。此外,為了增加效率,減少錯誤、詐欺及降低個別系統維護成本,公務機關之間或不同層級政府所持有之個人資料流用有其必要性,故二國在資料傳輸實務上亦有特殊規定或作業規則。相較之下,我國2012年10月1日始施行的「個人資料保護法」對於公部門間傳輸個人資料之情形並無具體規定,機關內外監督機制亦付之闕如,使個人資料遭不當使用與揭露之風險提高。 為了保障個人資訊隱私權,同時使公務機關之間傳輸利用個人資訊得以增進公共服務而不違反當事人權益,本研究建議立法或決策者可參酌美國與英國法制經驗,明定法務部負責研擬詳細實施規則與程序以供各機關傳輸個人資料之遵循,減少機關資訊流用莫衷一是的情況;而為保證個人資訊受到適當保護,除了事先獲得當事人同意外,機關進行資料共用之前,應由專業小組審核,至於考慮採取的相關重要措施尚有:(1)建置由政策、程序、人力與設備資源所組成之個人資訊管理系統(PIMS),並使成為整體資訊管理基礎設施的一部分;(2)指派高階官員負責施行及維護安全控制事項;(3)教育訓練人員增加風險意識,塑造良好組織文化;(4)諮詢利害關係人,界定共用資料範圍、目的與法律依據;(5)實施隱私衝擊評估(PIA),指出對個人隱私的潛在威脅並分析風險減緩替代方案;(6)簽定正式書面契約,詳述相關權利與義務;(7)執行內外稽核,監督法規遵循情況,提升機關決策透明、誠信與責任。 關鍵詞:個人資料保護、隱私權、資訊隱私、資料傳輸、資料共用 / Governments have the power to hold a variety of personal information about individuals, such as the name, date of birth, I.D. Card number, family, education, and occupation. Due to advanced technology and the use of the Internet, personal data stored in different places can be connected, copied, processed, and used immediately. It is relatively common for government agencies to provide people with services online as well as transmit or share individual information to improve efficiency and reduce bureaucratic costs. These changes clearly deliver great benefits for governments and for the public, but they also bring new challenges. Specifically, managing risks around sharing information can sometimes become complicated and difficult when more than one agency is involved. If the government agency which keeps personal information cannot prevent it from being stolen, altered, damaged, destroyed or disclosed, it can seriously erode personal privacy and people’s trust in the government. Therefore, each agency that maintains personal data should establish appropriate administrative, technical, and physical safeguards to insure the security and confidentiality of data and to protect against any anticipated threats or hazards to the integrity which could result in substantial harm on personality and fairness to any individual . As the global economy has become more interconnected and the Internet ubiquitous, personal data protection is by now a truly international matter. The trend is fully demonstrated by the growing number of national laws, supranational provisions, and international regulations, such as the OECD, the EU or the APEC rules. Among those developed countries, both the U.S. and the U.K. have their historical contexts of developing legal framework for information privacy. The U.S. Federal agency use of personal information is governed primarily by the Privacy Act of 1974, the Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act of 1988, the E-Government Act of 2002 , the Federal Information Security Management Act of 2002, and related guidance periodically issued by OMB. The U.K. government has to comply with the Human Rights Act and the Data Protection Act of 1998 which implemented Directive 95/46/EC. Its use of individual data is overseen and audited by the independent Information Commissioner. Further, because interagency data sharing is necessary to make government more efficient by reducing the error, fraud, and costs associated with maintaining a segregated system, both countries have made specific rules or code of practice for handling the transmission of information among different agencies and levels of government. By contrast, Taiwan Personal Information Protection Act of 2010 which finally came into force on 1 October 2012 contains no detailed and clear provisions for data transmitted between government agencies. Moreover, there are also no internal or external oversight of data sharing practices in the public sector. These problems will increase the risk of inappropriate use and disclosure of personal data. To protect individual information privacy rights and ensure that government agencies can enhance public services by data sharing without unreasonably impinging on data subjects’ interests, I recommend that law makers draw on legal experiences of the U.S. and the U.K., and specify that the Ministry of Justice has a statutory duty to prescribe detailed regulations and procedures for interagency data transmission. This could remove the fog of confusion about the circumstances in which personal information may be shared. Also, besides obtaining the prior consent of the data subject and conducting auditing by a professional task force before implementing interagency data sharing program, some important measures as follows should be taken: (1) Establish a Personal Information Management System which is composed of the policies, procedures, human, and machine resources to make it as part of an overall information management infrastructure; (2) Appoint accountable senior officials to undertake and maintain the implementation of security controls; (3) Educate and train personnel to raise risk awareness and create a good organizational culture; (4) Consult interested parties and define the scope, objective, and legal basis for data sharing; (5) Conduct privacy impact assessments to identify potential threats to individual privacy and analyze risk mitigation alternatives; (6) Establish a formal written agreement to clarify mutual rights and obligations; (7) Enforce internal as well as external auditing to monitor their compliance with data protection regulations and promote transparency, integrity and accountability of agency decisions. Key Words: personal data protection, privacy rights, information privacy, data transmission, data sharing
75

中國六省市民辦高教政策對民辦高教發展影響的比較研究 : 以北京、上海、廣東、陜西、淅江、江蘇為例 / Effects of provincial government policy on the development of private higher education in China : a comparative study of Beijing, Shanghai, Guandong, Shanxi, Zhejiang, Jiangsu

李明枝 January 2004 (has links)
University of Macau / Faculty of Education
76

從生物辨識應用探討隱私權之保護 / The privacy protection issues of biometric application

游璿樺, Yu, Hsuan Hua Unknown Date (has links)
自從美國911恐怖攻擊事件後,生物辨識技術受到世界各國重視,使得生物辨識應用大鳴大放,涵蓋範圍非常廣泛,從國家的入出境管理、國民身分證,到公司或住家的門禁管理、安全監控,乃至於個人身分確認,如電腦開機登錄、隨身碟資料加密。然而生物辨識應用,會涉及個人生物特徵之蒐集與相關個人資料之運用,一方面為生活上帶來便利,另一面也無聲無息為個人隱私帶來衝擊與威脅。本文從生物辨識技術之研究,藉由分析指紋辨識、臉型辨識及DNA辨識之應用所引發的隱私權問題,以及相關法令規範之探討,最後從法制面、政策面與執行面上提供建議,希望藉由完備的法令規範,評估各種應用可能引發之隱私爭議,建立完善的管理制度與監督機制,將生物辨識應用之隱私侵害與疑慮降到最低,得以享受生物辨識應用所帶來的安全性與方便性。
77

委託行政契約の統制―ドイツ廃棄物法制を素材として―

鈴木, 崇弘 26 March 2018 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(法学) / 甲第20854号 / 法博第211号 / 新制||法||161(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院法学研究科法政理論専攻 / (主査)教授 髙木 光, 教授 仲野 武志, 教授 原田 大樹 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Laws / Kyoto University / DGAM
78

從民眾參與探討莫拉克永久屋安置政策─以嘉義縣為中心 / The study of permanent housing policy after typhoon Morakot from community participation: the case of Chia-Yi

吳明穎 Unknown Date (has links)
2009年8月8日莫拉克風災重創台灣,為50年來最嚴重之水災,造成高雄縣、屏東縣、嘉義縣等縣市災情慘重。鑒於莫拉克風災造成山區土石崩落、居住安全堪慮,政府擬定災後重建工作以國土保安及復育理念為基本理念,對災區整體性基地進行土地使用安全性及適宜性評估,經認定安全堪慮或違法濫建之土地,應依照莫拉克颱風災後重建條例第20條規定辦理,得劃定特定區域,限制居住或限期強制遷居、遷村,並給予該區居民適當安置。配合劃定特定區域的遷居問題,災後政府在以「永久屋為主,組合屋為輔」為原則下,政府就各界投入資源進行盤整,並建立中央與地方、政府與民間的家園重建協力機制,進行由慈濟基金會、世界展望會和紅十字會為主的三大永久屋計畫。 本研究係以嘉義縣為中心,輔以高雄縣、屏東縣的重建經驗,探討永久屋政策過程中的民眾參與,討論面向包括政府、及公私協力下民間團體如何執行重建條例、家園重建計劃等規定中民眾參與原則,分析永久屋政策過程中民眾參與的對象、時機、方法及產生的效力各為何? 本文研究發現,由於縣府的立場,其所有行動必須要在法律規範下進行,且當行政人員必須對永久屋基地安全負上完全的責任時,難以避免的會傾向較能以科學數據佐證安全的學者專家意見;故當縣府運作民眾參與機制卻無法充分溝通,最後永久屋政策結果為加深政府與居民間的隔閡與不信任感,是可謂未能充分民眾參與所造成雙輸的局面。另外,就永久屋公私協力方面,本文從高雄縣、屏東縣及嘉義縣分別由慈濟、世界展望會及紅十字會三大民間團體的合作經驗中發現,原先永久屋政策僅規劃在永久屋硬體興建部分,然實際上在核配坪數的權利、運作民眾參與機制、興建永久屋等部分,會因各民間團體間的差異,對居民的權益影響甚鉅,惟現今政府仍以法律面去對民間團體作課責,其他面向的課責僅能以各民間團體自律方式為之。 從莫拉克災後永久屋政策現階段成效觀之,遑論從改善民眾參與機制或增強對民間團體的課責,筆者認為,目前最可行之方式係強化原住民各族群之凝聚力。藉由一個族群的觀點,係能跳脫一般大眾對於災後受助者被動接受服務之角色,並掌握族群重建的未來走向。
79

資訊隱私權保障與網路犯罪通訊監察法制

陳信郎, chen, hsin-lang Unknown Date (has links)
本文架構共分五章: 第一章為緒論,旨在說明本論文之研究動機、問題意識、研究範圍、研究方法及架構說明,其中並說明網際網路發展之簡介、網際網路對資訊隱私權與犯罪偵查之影響。 第二章所欲討論者,乃資訊隱私權之發展與內涵。在本章中,首先就隱私權發展最早的美國,說明該國最高法院司法實務對於憲法層次隱私權概念建立與保障上,所做出的幾個重要性判決。之後再針對資訊隱私權的意義說明,並討論資訊隱私權的憲法爭議範圍,其中尤以憲法第四修正案的適用最為重要,故獨立討論該條之規範對象,並就該條中搜索的意義、實施搜索的實質原因與程序要件,及違反第四修正案之所產生的證據排除效果介紹之。次就資訊隱私權於我國憲法之依據及內涵,討論我國有關憲法層次的隱私權,在權利形成方法上,是否有全盤移植美國法制之必要,亦或針對我國憲法,提供資訊隱私權更明確的依據。第三部分則就侵害資訊隱私權之違憲審查,討論我國憲法有關侵害資訊隱私權,在抽象法律層次的違憲審查標準,及在具體案件中,是否有引進美國證據排除法則之必要?做為本此論文之後檢視成文法及具體案例之準則。 第三章則進一步討論我國網路犯罪之偵查實務,說明我國實務常見網路犯罪之類型,並舉出實際案例以供參考。第二部分則就目前網路犯罪偵查實務,試著從較為技術面的方向,簡略說明有關網路犯罪資訊的取得、犯罪者的追縱、證據的調查,其中有關證據的調查,則著重於通訊監察部分,至於常見有關搜索、扣押的討論,因與本文主題較不具關聯性,故省略不論。本章之目的,乃嘗試讓理論與實務有聯繫之機會,並說明我國在網路犯罪偵查方法上,有何困境之處。 第四章為本論文之主軸,在了解到我國網路犯罪偵查實務所面臨的困境後,本章首先就美國有關網路通訊監察法制,介紹該國憲法與司法實務在做出若干重要裁判後,立法者為提供更充分的保障,所特別制定的《電子通訊隱私權法》等法律,希望透過不同層次的資訊隱私權侵害,提供不同層次的程序保障,來平衡國家安全、犯罪偵防與隱私權保障。然而由於網路通訊監察的特殊性,使得FBI於2000年3月所發展出的新型網路監聽工具:Carnivore,引發大眾甚多疑慮,該國就Carnivore系統之運作依據及合法性,有著激烈的辯論,本文嘗試整理歸納正反意見,並提供本文觀點。在還來不及檢討Carnivore系統之合法性時,九一一事件促使《愛國者法》通過,賦予政府機關實施網路通訊監察時更大的權力。科技的進步,無疑使得網路使用者資訊隱私權受到更大的限制,本文也嘗議建議未來最高法院應改以結果取向的解釋方法來處理新型監聽工具所引發的憲法爭議,如此才能兼顧科技發展與人權保障。 在了解到美國有關網路通訊監察法制後,第五章則針對從資訊隱私權保障面向,重新檢討現行通訊保障及監察法規定之妥適性,並就我國未來針對網路發展新型監聽工具時,所應採行之建制原則,及通訊保障及監察法針對網際網路時代,所應做的修正,提出若干建議,並以之代結論。
80

社會福利機構公設民營協力關係之研究-以基隆市政府為例

蘇先啟 Unknown Date (has links)
自一九八○年代起,歐美國家興起「民營化運動」的風潮,各國政府開始縮減其在公共資產及公共服務上的角色與介入程度,而將原本應由政府部門所承擔之功能,全部或部份的提供予民間部門參與。當民營化被賦予等同於效率與改革的意涵時,自然亦擴及至社會福利領域。政府也從福利的唯一供給者,轉換為與民間分工及協力提供的模式,從而形成福利供給多元化的發展,「公設民營」即是政府與民間協力提供福利服務的模式之一。 由於「公設民營」具有節省政府部門人力、經費成本,並可結合民間的專業服務,提昇機構照顧品質等效能,已成為我國各級政府廣泛實施的政策。基隆市政府受此浪潮之影響,亦於民國八十八年起,陸續將新建完成或運用閒置公有建物空間改設之社會福利機構,以公設民營方式委託民間團體經營管理及提供服務,短短數年間,即已有成功的四案例,呈現出未來「公設民營」仍將是基隆市政府推動社會福利服務之主要選項。然而,此植基於公私協力關係,合作提供福利服務之政策是否為最理想的方式?雙方之責任分際各應為何?政府部門與民間團體之組織性質迥異,在實際合作的過程中,是否將因雙方之角色、地位、立場等不同,而導致觀點及認知上的差距,進而影響到委託服務的效能及福利服務的品質?凡此課題,實有待逐一分析。本研究即擬以基隆市社會福利機構公設民營案例,進行探究與分析。 本研究除對文獻與次級資料的整理檢視外,主要分析資料的來源,係對於市府業務單位主管、承辦人員及受託民間團體之機構負責人、業務主管進行深度訪談所獲得之意見。 運用上述方法經內容分析後發現,市府與受託之民間團體在公設民營的過程中,雙方間或有認知與期待上的落差,但彼此亦均肯定尚能有良好的互動關係,雖然部份的落差,可歸因於政策的走向、法令的限制與資源的有限,但其中亦有大部份,是可以透過溝通來化解歧見並建立共識的。在市府方面,認為委託初期雙方認知的差距,在經過「磨合期」後,已能達到合作互動良好的「夥伴關係」,惟承接團體在角度上,偏重於服務對象及機構人力問題,而政府部門則尚需衡量財政能否配合及行政程序上有無困難等等;在承接團體方面則認為,市府由於實施公設民營起步較晚,在整體制度及配套措施上仍未見完備,以致在政策方向、契約規範、委託條件、分工權屬、行政流程等方面上,尚有改進及補強的空間。此外,機構硬體建物及設施設備的維護修繕,幾乎是所有公設民營機構最難以解決的問題,也是最容易造成委託與受託雙方產生齟齬之處,基隆市亦同樣面臨此狀況。 鑑於上述問題,本研究就獲致之發現與結論,分別對政府部門及受託民間團體,提出政策層面及執行層面之相關建議。 / Since 1980s, there has been a trend of privatization in the western countries, which have tried to diminish public assets and to limit the participation in the pubic service. Some of the functions which should be carried by governments are partly or all released to civil companies. When privatization is taken to be efficient and revolutionary, it is naturally applied to social welfare, and thus the government is not the only social welfare provider any more instead of cooperating or sharing with civil organizations. Consequently, the development of furnishing social welfare is various, and “Public assets run by civil company” is one of social welfare service provided by the public & private collaboration. Since the “Public assets run by civil company” mode can reduce the employment and costs in government and also take advantage of professional service from civil company to improve the service quality, it becomes a policy applied by our government broadly. Impacted by the trend, since 1999 Keelung government has had the new buildings or unused public assets be used as social welfare organizations which are commissioned to civil organizations and ran by the mode of “Public assets run by civil company”. In such short period, there are already four successful cases. Obviously, “Public assets run by civil company” will be the main choice to implement social welfare programs by Keelung government. However, based on the public-private partnership, would “Public assets run by civil company” be the best mode to provide social welfare service? Due to the organic difference between the government and private enterprises, in the process of collaboration, will the different roles, and positions cause the different points of view and recognitions? And will the difference of them influence the efficiency of outsourcing and the quality of social welfare ? The issues mentioned above need to be clarified and studied. This paper will take the Keelung social welfare organizations run by “Public assets run by civil company” as the study case to analyze and evaluate. Besides reviewing literatures and documents, the data of the study came from the results of interviewing the directors and staff in Keelung government and the managers in private enterprises which are commissioned by Keelung government to execute outsourcing. According to the results in this study, there sure are some differences in points of view and different recognitions existing between Government and enterprises; however the relation of cooperation still remains in healthy and good condition. Although the existing differences come from the direction of policy and the limited resources, them can be solved by the communication. From the side of Keelung, it thought that the differences occurring at the beginning of outsourcing has been diminished and achieved good partnerships, but from the side of the enterprises they focused on whom they are going to provide the service and on the manpower issue; however, the government has to focus on whether the city’s finance can afford and there are without difficulties in the administrative procedures, etc. The commissioned organization thought that the city launched the “Public assets run by civil company” program late and without integrated planning and support, so there are some fields needed to be improved, such as policy directions, contracts, conditional commission, responsibilities and administrative processes. Besides, the maintenance of the buildings and facilities is the most difficult and complicated issue in the outsourcing program, and moreover easily causing the problems between the government and the enterprises, and we can see the same situation in Keelung’s case. According to the difficulties mentioned above, this paper tries to study them deeply and to use the findings and results to give the city and the enterprises some suggestions on the level of policy and execution.

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