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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
221

O conceito de grandeza negativa na filosofia moral de Schopenhauer

Bassoli, Selma Aparecida 12 December 2005 (has links)
Orientador: Oswaldo Giacoia Junior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T01:23:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bassoli_SelmaAparecida_M.pdf: 270977 bytes, checksum: 441067c587503bb1b552422662bbc150 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Aplicamos o conceito matemático de grandeza negativa como um recurso que elucida aspectos da filosofia moral de Schopenhauer. Uma grandeza é negativa relativamente à outra, na medida em que só pode ser reunida a ela por oposição, quando uma suprime da outra o equivalente a si mesma. Utilizamos esse conceito para tratar da oposição entre as motivações, com o objetivo de evidenciar que um motivo leva à ação conforme suprime a influência, sobre o caráter, do motivo oposto. Também fizemos uso desse conceito para esclarecer a oposição entre a afirmação e a negação da vontade. Partindo da distinção entre nihil negativum e nihil privativum, adotada por Schopenhauer para tratar do nada que resulta da negação da vontade, mostramos que a vontade se nega à proporção que suprime o seu modo de afirmação anterior / Abstract: We apply the mathematic concept of negative magnitude as a resource that elucidates Schopenhauer¿s aspects of moral philosophy. A magnitude is negative related to another as long it can be joint to it in opposition, when one suppresses the equivalent of itself from the other. We use this concept to deal with the opposition between the motivations, in order to realize that a motive leads to the action as it suppresses the opposite motive influence, on the character. We made use of this concept to elucidate the opposition between the affirmation and denial of will as well. Starting from the distinction between nihil negativum and nihil privativum, adopted by Schopenhauer to deal with nil resulted from the denial of will, we demonstrate that will is denied as it suppresses its previous affirmation mode / Mestrado / Mestre em Filosofia
222

A caracterização niilista da filosofia de Schopenhauer a partir da critica de Nietzsche / The nihilistic caracterization of Schopenhauer's philosophy by the Nietzsche's critic

Rodrigues, Eli Vagner Francisco 12 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Oswaldo Giacoia Junior / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T03:52:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigues_EliVagnerFrancisco_D.pdf: 821071 bytes, checksum: c5bfe2d7d917ca8672d8c563ef2ce90d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: O tema desse trabalho baseia-se na hipótese de que a filosofia de Schopenhauer pode ser caracterizada como um pensamento niilista. Procura-se explicitar como a crítica de Nietzsche à moral da compaixão de Schopenhauer encontra sua inserção e ganha densidade teórica no contexto de suas análises do niilismo da fraqueza, traço destacado por Nietzsche como característica da decadência cultural européia. Examina-se também o problema do nada na filosofia de Schopenhauer, com o propósito de situá-lo em relação à temática do niilismo, bem como para tentar evidenciar o sentido em que a ética do filósofo de Frankfurt configura uma soteriologia. As bases para tal interpretação repousam nas seguintes características dessa filosofia: o apontamento de uma ausência de finalidade (negação do finalismo, "ateleologia") para a vontade e, conseqüentemente, a ausência de um telos inteligível para o mundo, a postura pessimista baseada na metafísica da vontade, e na soteriologia defendida pelo filósofo na sua doutrina da negação da vontade, que aponta para o estatuto do nada, alvo da vontade na ética da compaixão. Essa caracterização, a nosso ver, está relacionada com a recepção, interpretação e crítica nietzscheana da filosofia de Schopenhauer, sobretudo na caracterização que Nietzsche faz do niilismo da fraqueza. / Abstract: The theme of this work is based upon the hypothesis that the Schopenhauer's philosophy could be characterized as a nihilist thought. We try to explain away how the criticisms made by Nietzsche to the morals of compassion of Schopenhauer finds place, and obtain some theoretical density, in the context of his analysis of the nihilism of weakness, which Nietzsche points as the main characteristic of the European cultural decadency. The problem of the nothingness is as well under examination, with the purpose of put it in relation to the broad thematic of nihilism, and to show the sense in which the ethics of the philosopher from Frankfurt frames a soteriology. The basis for this interpretation lay on the following characteristics: to point out to an absence of finality (a finalism negation, a-teleology) to the will and, consequently, to the absence of an intelligible telos to the world, the pessimist attitude based on the metaphysic of the will, and on the soteriology, defended by the philosopher himself in his doctrine of a negation of the will, which, by its turn, points out to the nothingness status, the will's target in the morals of compassion. This characterization, as we see it, is related to the reception, to the interpretation and to the nietzschean criticism of Schopenhauer's philosophy, chiefly on the characterization that Nietzsche made of the nihilism of the weakness. / Doutorado / Filosofia / Doutor em Filosofia
223

Schopenhauerův pohled na člověka / Schopenhauer's View of Human

Najman, Jiří January 2016 (has links)
7 Abstract The aim of this thesis is to clear up the role of human in Schopenhauer's philosophical thinking. This goal could have been achieved only by clarifying the world's metaphysical substance. This substance proved to be the cruel will that manifests itself through the platonic ideas. It was shown that each human being is part of this eternal substance. Intellect, as explained in the thesis, is primarily mere instrument of the will designed to deliver motives. For this reason, the majority of people in different ways continually keep satisfying thein needs, therefore almost everyone enjoys the opinion of will affirmation. People constantly succumb to disilusion, which proved to be egoism. Therefore, what appears to be the greatest good for most of us is actually only good for the evil substance. Blind will plays with us so fraudulent and truly perverse game that most of us can never win. However, I have pointed out that there were some individuals who had been endowed by excessively developed intellect power. Only this paradoxically almost unnaturally developed power of intellect can lead to knowledge that the blind will in its game with people plays unfairly. I also presented three groups of people who are capable of that kind of knowledge. The first group are genius people who can plunge into a...
224

Hedda Gabler as seen by Schopenhauer, Kierkegaard, and Freud

Newman, Clarence 01 January 1981 (has links)
No description available.
225

Metafísica del amor sexual [Metaphysik der Geschlechtsliebe]. De la verdad de Schopenhauer y la mentira del amor platónico

Fernández Iglesias, Mario 13 February 2013 (has links)
La presente Tesis Doctoral se realiza en base a tres MOTIVACIONES. Una motivación personal, gestada en una curiosidad y/o asombro infantil que se perpetúa en la adultez a modo de cuestionamiento filosófico; una motivación por el estudio de la genial obra del filósofo Arthur Schopenhauer, quien a mi entender, es uno de los filósofos más honestos con la verdad y con la propia naturaleza; y una motivación por el tema de AMOR, tema que enraíza directamente con la esencia del ser humano, y que sin embargo, ha sido obviado por la mayoría de los filósofos. La investigación tiene por OBJETIVO por una parte, un estudio historiográfico del Capítulo 44 de los complementos a la obra primaria “El mundo como voluntad y representación” que porta por título “La Metafísica del amor sexual”; y por otra, un estudio filosófico en cuanto que trata de dar respuesta a una pregunta o hipótesis planteada: ¿Es cierto que el amor platónico es una mentira y que el amor propuesto por Schopenhauer es verdad? y, ¿De qué verdad y/o mentira estamos hablando? Ambos objetivos, el estudio historiográfico y el filosófico, se entrelazan entre sí dando lugar a una respuesta unitaria que se soporta en la genial filosofía de Arthur Schopenhauer. El DESARROLLO TEÓRICO de la investigación se realiza mediante una cuidada metodología cimentada en cuatro puntos primordiales: a) Estructura, b) Literatura secundaria, c) Investigaciones Empíricas, d) Osadía creativa. a) Se dota de una estructura explícita a un texto (Cap. 44 de los Complementos “Metafísica del Amor Sexual”) que parece no poseer, a priori, ningún orden prestablecido. Gracias a esta compartimentación en los diferentes temas se hace más preciso el estudio de cada una de las partes. b) Se utiliza el conjunto de la obra fundamental de Arthur Schopenhauer para matizar y ampliar lo expuesto por su capítulo, y se realiza un trabajo de consulta y utilización de literatura secundaria respecto al tema tratado. c) Se dota de mayor rigor científico al capítulo tratado incluyendo las últimas investigaciones científicas que corroboran mayoritariamente las afirmaciones y/o intuiciones del filósofo alemán. d) El conjunto de la tesis doctoral está impregnado de un ímpetu creativo del autor, tratando de dar una particular respuesta en base a todo lo incorporado en el transcurso de la investigación. Este punto se podrá intuir con mayor evidencia en los dos últimos capítulos antes de las conclusiones: Schopenhauer en el Banquete y El amor como solución (provisional) a la existencia subjetiva. La CONCLUSIÓN final y general es que se encuentran evidencias de que el amor platónico es simplemente una mentira, o alegoría, si se quiere, para no mostrar la verdadera naturaleza del amor. El amor, por muchos tintes etéreos del que se quiera revestir, no deja de ser un instinto natural especializado y dirigido a la reproducción. La reproducción no es únicamente el resultado del instinto sino que, en su vertiente metafísica, es la perpetuación (en las nuevas generaciones) de una pulsión ciega y constante que el filósofo alemán conceptualiza como Voluntad. / This Doctoral Thesis is performed on three motivations. Personal motivation, gestated in a curious and / or perpetuating childlike wonder in adulthood as a philosophical inquiry, a motivation for the study of the great works of the philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer, who in my opinion, is one of the greatest philosophers honest with the truth and with the nature, and motivated by the love theme, rooted issue directly with the essence of the human being, and yet it has been ignored by most philosophers. The research aims on the one hand, a historiographic study of Chapter 44 of the additions to the primary work "The World as Will and Representation" which carries the title "The Metaphysics of Sexual Love" and, secondly, a philosophical study As for trying to answer a question or hypothesis: Is it true that platonic love is a lie and that proposed by Schopenhauer love you? and what truth and / or lie we talking about? Both objectives, historiographical and philosophical study, intertwine with each other resulting in a united response that supports the philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer great. The theoretical development of the research is done through a careful methodology founded on four key points: a) structure, b) secondary literature, c) empirical research, d) Daring creative. a) gives an explicit structure to a text (Cap. 44 of Supplements "Metaphysics of Sexual Love") that seems to have, a priori, any preset order. With this partitioning in different subjects is more precise study of each of the parties. b) Use the set of the seminal work of Arthur Schopenhauer to refine and expand the above for their chapter, and they do a consultation and use of secondary literature on the subject. c) It gives greater scientific rigor Chapter treaty including the latest scientific research largely corroborating statements and / or intuitions of the German philosopher. d) The entire thesis is impregnated with a creative impetus of the author, trying to give a particular response based on all built in the course of the investigation. This section may intuit more evident in the last two chapters before conclusions: Schopenhauer in the Symposium and Love as solution (provisional) to the subjective existence. The final conclusion is generally found evidence that Platonic love is just a lie, or allegory, if you will, to not show the true nature of love. Love, for many of ethereal dyes you want coated, no longer a natural instinct to run specialized and playback. Playback is not only the result of instinct but in its metaphysical aspect, is the perpetuation (new generations) of a blind instinct and constant German philosopher conceptualized as Will.
226

De l'école du milieu : transcendance, langage et raison dans la pensée de Wittgenstein, Tsongkhapa et Schopenhauer

Cossette-Trudel, Alexis 04 1900 (has links) (PDF)
L'objectif de ce travail consiste à identifier les apories inhérentes à ce que d'aucuns appellent la postmodernité. L'impasse actuelle résulte, selon nous, d'une fracture du logos dont le corollaire est la montée des monismes dans la pensée occidentale. Cette fracture pose d'énormes problèmes sociaux, éthiques et sotériologiques. Une solution à l'impasse passe par un retour aux sources de la pensée occidentale. Un retour au logos ne peut cependant advenir qu'à travers une philosophie qui, contrairement à certains monismes, ne serait basée ni sur l'objet ni sur le sujet. Il s'agit dans le cadre de ce travail de faire émerger cette « philosophie du milieu », de définir quels sont ses modes d'applications et quels sont ses concepts opératoires, comme le synéchisme. Il appert que, dans ce que Jean-François Lyotard appelle « les sociétés industrielles avancées », deux visions de l'homme s'affrontent, réduisant toutes deux l'expérience de la réalité à un unique élément, qu'il soit corps ou langage. Il résulte de cette dichotomie soit une dévalorisation de la subjectivité soit un scepticisme antirationaliste. Ces monismes tirent une bonne part de leurs fondements théoriques de la pensée de Ludwig Wittgenstein. Or Wittgenstein n'est ni entièrement positiviste ni entièrement relativiste, comme ses successeurs l'ont interprété; sa pensée n'est fondée ni sur l'objet, comme celle des matérialistes, ni sur le sujet, comme celle des relativistes. Sa conception « transcendantale » de l'éthique, concomitante de sa définition de la limite du langage, fait plutôt de ce penseur un dualiste. Malgré son dualisme, de par son association à la pensée d'Arthur Schopenhauer, Wittgenstein participe de plein doit à cette philosophie « du milieu » que nous tentons de définir. Ayant été confronté, essentiellement, aux mêmes apories et aux mêmes impasses sociales quelque cinq siècles avant l'Occident, la société tibétaine sut trouver, au 15e siècle, un juste milieu entre des conceptions monistes réductrices grâce à la philosophie de Tsongkhapa. Dans le cadre d'une réforme tant éthique que philosophique, ce dernier a habilement marié la réflexion sur la nature ultime des phénomènes à des principes de raison et d'empirisme. Son approche, identique à celle préconisée par Platon deux mille ans plus tôt, s'est réclamée du juste milieu entre l'ultime et le conventionnel. En outre, elle offre à terme une sortie de l'impasse engendrée par le matérialisme et le relativisme en formulant une conception unifiée, disons synéchiste, de la réalité. Philosophe très influent il y a un siècle, mais aujourd'hui presque oublié, Arthur Schopenhauer est au cœur de la pensée postmoderne. Ayant exercé une influence déterminante sur Nietzsche, Freud et Wittgenstein, Schopenhauer a introduit dans la pensée occidentale la notion de maya, ou d'illusion du réel, reléguant au second plan le cogito cartésien. Contrairement à ce l'on croit au sujet de sa philosophie de la Volonté, Schopenhauer assigne à la raison un rôle sotériologique essentiel. Sa philosophie, inspirée de celle de Platon et de Kant, se situe « au milieu » entre le sujet et l'objet. Elle maintient que tout dépassement de l'illusion du réel passe par l'attitude éthique qui aspire à mettre un terme à la soif d'existence. Les parallèles avérés entre sa philosophie et le bouddhisme sont d'ailleurs à même de démontrer que l'approche préconisée par Schopenhauer et fondée sur le synéchisme entre le sujet et l'objet est rigoureusement superposable à celle appliquée au Tibet par Tsongkhapa quatre siècles plus tôt. Enfin, afin d'obvier aux apories soulevées par les monismes et les dualismes, le « synéchisme » est proposé comme concept opératoire permettant de sortir de l'impasse postmoderne. Ce concept initialement développé par C. S. Pierce se révèle approprié autant comme méthodologie que comme conception du langage en donnant un sens précis à l'approche du « milieu » fondée sur l'absence d'en-soi des phénomènes subjectifs et objectifs. ______________________________________________________________________________
227

"Depois, é o céu abscôndito do nada" : o niilismo e a poética de Augusto dos Anjos

Ribeiro, Sileyr dos Santos 22 February 2016 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T14:11:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_9559_SILEYR DOS SANTOS RIBEIRO - MESTRADO EM LETRAS UFES - 2016 - DEPOIS É O CÉU ABSCÔNDITO DO NADA O NIILISMO E A POÉTICA DE AUGUSTO DOS ANJOS - DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO.pdf: 761532 bytes, checksum: b209a29e0d4099be6e4a75ccc1541f78 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-22 / A presente dissertação de mestrado trata das relações imanentes ao fenômeno niilista, estudando-o, principalmente, sob a perspectiva do filósofo alemão Friedrich Nietzsche, e a poética de Augusto dos Anjos, no que tange à desistência do conhecimento do espírito fatigado e à ascese schopenhaueriana como meio de se evitar o sofrimento intrínseco ao sempre desejar, atitudes consideradas passivas diante da quebra dos fundamentos que significavam objetivamente o mundo / This master's dissertation studies both the inherent relations of the nihilist phenomenon fathoming its core mainly under the perspective of Nietzsche’s philosophy and dos Anjos’s poetry with a focus on the utmost renounce of knowledge symptomised by the wearied spirit that engages in the schopenhauerian ascesis to shun of the pain of the ever returning desire. Those attitudes, namely, the renounce and the ascesis are both passive outcomes of the loss fundamental grounding and meaning of the objective world.
228

Nietzsche e Wagner: o diário de aproximação

Silveira, João Eduardo Navachi da [UNESP] 21 May 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-05-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:15:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 siveira_jen_me_mar.pdf: 759974 bytes, checksum: c919df57e4df77215d9b28794f080f9a (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O presente texto trata da relação estabelecida entre o jovem filósofo Friedrich Nietzsche e o experiente compositor e ensaísta Richard Wagner. Concentrando nossa análise no período da amizade existente entre Nietzsche e Wagner, período este que coincide com a produção filosófica do jovem Nietzsche, a saber, de 1869 a 1876, o objetivo de nossa análise é buscar elementos presentes no pensamento de ambos que possibilitaram a aproximação e o desenvolvimento de amizade entre eles. Neste sentido, a crítica à cultura moderna, o elogio ao mundo grego, a influência do romantismo e a filosofia de Schopenhauer aparecem como pontos de apoio que alicerçaram a construção desta amizade / The present text treats the relationship between the young Friedrich Nietzsche and the expert composer and essayist Richard Wagner. Concentrate our analyze on the period of the friendship that was there between Nietzsche and Wagner, period that coincide with the philosophic production of the young Nietzsche, to know, from 1869 until 1876, the target of our analyze is to found elements presents in the thought of both that made possible the approach and development of the friendship between them. In this way, the critique to modern culture, the praise to the greek world, the influence of the romanticism and the philosophy of Schopenhauer appears like points of support that build foundation to this friendship
229

Noção de representação na Ciência da Informação: concepções a partir da filosofia de Arthur Schopenhauer

Silva, Julianne Teixeira e 09 December 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2017-12-22T14:47:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3952698 bytes, checksum: f54753dd1c6cca9dc04122e71944b318 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-22T14:47:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3952698 bytes, checksum: f54753dd1c6cca9dc04122e71944b318 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / It is presented an enlargement of the notion field of information representation in the context of Information Science, bringing the trace of epistemic trajectory, from Classical Antiquity and its western linear thought, passing by its heritages, until the perceived connections between Information Science and the thought of Arthur Schopenhauer. The thesis that it would be found such resource to the bases of this enlargement in the thought of Schopenhauer, which defends the comparison and reflection between the philosophic aspects of the thought of the author and the theoretical bases of Information Representation in the ambit of Information Science, in Brazil, it indicated, from the reflections and arguments enrolled, that there are relevant elements in the thought of Schopenhauer, in which there are points of theoretical convergence that can ground these debates in the ambit of Information Science, mainly in the Theory of Knowledge developed by Schopenhauer, especially in its notion of conceptual spheres. / Apresenta-se um alargamento do campo nocional da representação da informação no contexto da Ciência da Informação, trazendo-se o traço do caminhar epistêmico, desde a antiguidade clássica e seu pensamento ocidental linear, passando por suas heranças, até as conexões percebidas entre a Ciência da Informação e o pensamento de Arthur Schopenhauer. A tese de que seria encontrado tal recurso para as bases desse alargamento no pensamento de Schopenhauer, e que defende o cotejamento e reflexão entre os aspectos filosóficos do pensamento do autor e as bases teóricas da representação da informação no seio da Ciência da Informação, no Brasil, indicou, diante das reflexões e argumentos arrolados, que existem relevantes elementos no pensamento schopenhaueriano, nos quais há pontos de convergência teórica e que podem fundamentar estes debates no âmbito da Ciência da Informação, sobretudo em sua Teoria do Conhecimento, especialmente na sua noção de esferas conceituais.
230

A expressão do sagrado budista na poesia de Augusto dos Anjos / The presence of the sacred buddhist in the poetry of Augusto dos Anjos

Aleixo, Elvis Brassaroto 23 June 2008 (has links)
Orientador: Suzi Frankl Sperber / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T10:24:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aleixo_ElvisBrassaroto_M.pdf: 1043033 bytes, checksum: 6043d1ba084071a636876098c682d93a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Este trabalho visa à análise da espiritualidade na poesia de Augusto dos Anjos sob a perspectiva do sagrado budista absorvido pelo poeta principalmente por intermédio do pensamento de Arthur Schopenhauer. O trabalho está dividido em três partes: a primeira versa sobre a classificação literária da obra de Augusto dos Anjos e também aborda a relação entre literatura e religião; a segunda apresenta uma refutação ao suposto ateísmo presente em seus poemas e afirma sua espiritualidade eclética; a terceira identifica e faz uma leitura crítica das peças poéticas em que o budismo está presente, privilegiando o conceito religioso de nirvana / Abstract: This thesis makes an analysis of the spirituality in the poetry of Augusto dos Anjos under the perspective of the sacred buddhist that was apprehended by the Brazilian poet mainly through Arthur Schopenhauer thought. The thesis is divided in three parts: the first section turns about the literary classification of Augusto dos Anjos¿ poetic anthology, and it also discusses the relationship between literature and religion; the second presents a refutation against the supposed atheism in his poems and it affirms his eclectic spirituality; the third part identifies and makes a critical reading of specific poems where Buddhist ideas is present, with special attention for the religious concept of nirvana / Mestrado / Literatura Brasileira / Mestre em Teoria e História Literária

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