Concrete buttress dams are relatively light structures and less demandingon foundations; because of that, they may have problems with upliftforces and horizontal joints in the area of the dam´s foundation maypresent a failure mode through sliding. The Storfinnforsen dam, thelargest concrete dam in Sweden, had its foundation studied recently andthe discovery of sub-horizontal joints in the bedrock led to the necessityof having the safety of the dam foundation to sliding assessed.The safety is dependent on the pore pressure, which can vary throughtime. The implementation of an alarm system to monitor and assess thevalues of the pore pressure is necessary to improve the dam´s operation.In this thesis, a new system on how to define alarm limits for measuredpore pressures is suggested.The proposed alarm system will monitor the pore pressure of the joint,calculate the safety factor against sliding, compare it to the alarm limits ofthe system (adopted from RIDAS) and present countermeasures to theproblem.The analysis and implementation of the alarm system on monolith 42 ofStorfinnforsen showed that it does not comply with the Swedishguidelines with respect to sliding stability, but the measured porepressures are low enough to allow the creation of an alarm system thatwill monitor the pore pressure continuously. Furthermore, thecharacteristics of the local geology exclude any quick development of porepressure allowing countermeasures to be applied.However, further research on the definition of alarm limits for this kindof problem is needed. / Lamelldammar av betong är relativt lätta konstruktioner med mindrepåkänningar på grunden jämfört med konventionellagravitationsdammar. Till följd av detta är de också känsliga för upptryck.I kombination med förekomsten av sub-horisontella sprickplan iberggrunden kan detta utgöra en risk för glidning. Vid Storfinnforsensbetongdamm, vilken är Sveriges största lamelldamm, har undersökningarav berggrunden genomförts. I samband med dessa undersökningaridentifierades sub-horisontella sprickplan i berggrunden ochmonoliternas glidstabilitet har därför analyserats med avseende påglidning. Dränage har även borrats och portrycksmätare installerats föratt övervaka portrycket i berggrunden.Portrycket, och därmed dammens säkerhet mot glidning, kan emellertidvariera över tid. Det är därför nödvändigt att utveckla och implementeraett alarmsystem för att övervaka portrycket och säkerställa dammenssäkerhet. I följande examensarbete har ett nytt system utvecklats för attdefiniera alarmgränser för uppmätta portryck. I det föreslagnaalarmsystemet övervakas portrycket över sprickplanen, säkerhetsfaktornmot glidning beräknas och jämförs mot gränser baserade på acceptablasäkerhetsfaktorer från RIDAS. Om uppmätta portryck överstigeralarmgränserna implementeras fördefinierade åtgärder.I detta arbete implementerades alarmsystemet på monolit 42 iStorfinnforsens lamelldamm. Resultaten från en inledandestabilitetsanalys visade att säkerhetsfaktorn mot glidning inte uppfyllerställda krav enligt RIDAS riktlinjer. De uppmätta portrycken äremellertid tillräckligt låga för att möjliggöra användningen av ettalarmsystem som övervakar portrycken kontinuerligt och därmedsäkerställer att säkerheten mot glidning uppfylls. Om portrycken skulleöverstigas ges förslag på möjliga åtgärder som kan genomföras för attsänka portrycken. Vidare indikerar de lokala geologiska förhållandena attVsnabba höjningar av portrycken till följd av exempelvis urspolning avfyllnadsmaterial från sprickplan är osannolika, vilket möjliggörimplementering av de fördefinierade åtgärderna om portrycket skullestiga. Vidare forskning rekommenderas emellertid på hur snabbtportrycken kan stiga till följd av olika scenarier såsom nedbrytning avinjekteringsridåer.

Bridge Navigational Watch Alarm System (BNWAS) blev implementerat i the International Convention for the Safety Of Life At Sea (SOLAS) år 2009. Sedan dess har olika typer av fartyg haft längre eller kortare tid på sig att installera systemet ombord. Navigatörer har utryckt både positiva och negativa synpunkter på systemet. Syftet med studien var att få en uppfattning om hur implementeringen av BNWAS har utvecklats praktiskt inom sjöfarten. För att undersöka detta har haverirapporter granskats innan samt efter implementeringen. Resultatet från detta har jämförts med tidigare implementeringar inom samma område. Data har sedan kvantitativt och kvalitativt analyserats. Resultaten tyder på att implementeringen av BNWAS har stött på samma problem som liknande implementeringar gjort tidigare. De slutsatser som dragits utifrån dessa resultat var att implementeringen av BNWAS kunde ha gjorts på ett bättre sätt om lärdomar från tidigare implementeringar tagits med i utvecklingen av implementeringen. Studien visade att grundstötningar har minskat i den undersökta haverikommissionens utredningar. / BNWAS was implemented in SOLAS, chapter V in 2009. Since that year, different types of ships have had different time schedules to install the system onboard. Navigational watch keepers have expressed both positive and negative attitudes towards the system and the operation of it. The purpose was to shed light upon how the implementetion of BNWAS has developed practically at the end users. The purpose of the study has been fulfilled through both qualitative and quantitative methods. Accident investigation reports both before and after the implementation were examined togheter with examinations and reviews of earlier studies regarding questions about implementation. This work was done to reach the goal of the study with a reliable result. These results implied that the implementation had encountered the same problems as earlier implementations (in the same area) had. They also showed that groundings of ships occured in the same way both before and after the implementation. The conclusions was that the implementation of BNWAS could have been developed more smoothly if the problems from earlier implementations had been accounted for. The groundings have however been reduced significantly since the implementation, whether it is due to the implementation or something else is still to be found out with a more comprehensive study.

Speech intelligibility of voice alarm communication systems is extremely important for proper notification and direction of building occupants. Currently, there is no minimum standard to which all voice alarm communication systems must be held. Tests were conducted to determine how system and room characteristics, and the addition of occupants, affect the intelligibility of a voice signal. This research outlines a methodology for measuring the speech intelligibility of a room and describes the impact of numerous variables on these measurements. Eight variables were considered for this study: speaker quantity and location, speaker power tap, sound pressure level (SPL), number and location of occupants, presence of furniture, location of intelligibility measurements, data collection method, and floor covering. All room characteristics had some affect on the room intelligibility; the sound pressure level of the signal and the number and location of occupants had the greatest overall impact on the intelligibility of the room. It is recommended, based on the results of this study, that further investigation be conducted in the following areas: floor finishes, speaker directivity, various population densities, furniture packages and room sizes.

<p>Evolution is fuelled by independent reproduction events. Yet, the offspring of at least three percent of all bird species postpone dispersal and forego independent reproduction. The Siberian jay, <i>Perisoreus infaustus, </i>is such a species where some<i> </i>offspring are philopatric and remain in their natal territory for up to three years, forming family groups. The main finding of this thesis is that nepotistic anti-predator behaviour displayed by parents provided philopatric offspring benefits, which could be an incentive to stay and forego independent reproduction. Predation, (hawks - 80 % and owls - 15% of deaths observed) is the main cause of mortality. Parents increased their vigilance nepotistically; they were more vigilant against surprise predator attacks, and gave alarm calls when attacked when feeding together with offspring. However, the two parents differed in their behaviour. Mothers gave calls only when together with their offspring, while males also warned unrelated immigrants. Sitting predators were approached and mobbed more intensely by parents in the presence of philopatric offspring. The vocalisation of Siberian jays provides information about predation risk. Specific calls are given for hawks and owls, and calls also varied with hawk behaviour. The nepotistic anti-predator behaviour of parents is a benefit, which the offspring can gain only “at home”, and such behaviour appears to promote offspring to forego dispersal and independent reproduction. This was confirmed in an experimental manipulation; philopatric offspring dispersed when fathers were removed and replaced by a despotic, immigrant stepfather. From a life-history perspective, parents have an incentive to protect their reproductive investment. Nepotistic anti-predator behaviour create a safe haven in the natal territory for philopatric offspring and provides direct fitness benefits. Without such direct fitness benefits offspring may disperse and wait for a breeding opening elsewhere. </p>

Evolution is fuelled by independent reproduction events. Yet, the offspring of at least three percent of all bird species postpone dispersal and forego independent reproduction. The Siberian jay, Perisoreus infaustus, is such a species where some offspring are philopatric and remain in their natal territory for up to three years, forming family groups. The main finding of this thesis is that nepotistic anti-predator behaviour displayed by parents provided philopatric offspring benefits, which could be an incentive to stay and forego independent reproduction. Predation, (hawks - 80 % and owls - 15% of deaths observed) is the main cause of mortality. Parents increased their vigilance nepotistically; they were more vigilant against surprise predator attacks, and gave alarm calls when attacked when feeding together with offspring. However, the two parents differed in their behaviour. Mothers gave calls only when together with their offspring, while males also warned unrelated immigrants. Sitting predators were approached and mobbed more intensely by parents in the presence of philopatric offspring. The vocalisation of Siberian jays provides information about predation risk. Specific calls are given for hawks and owls, and calls also varied with hawk behaviour. The nepotistic anti-predator behaviour of parents is a benefit, which the offspring can gain only “at home”, and such behaviour appears to promote offspring to forego dispersal and independent reproduction. This was confirmed in an experimental manipulation; philopatric offspring dispersed when fathers were removed and replaced by a despotic, immigrant stepfather. From a life-history perspective, parents have an incentive to protect their reproductive investment. Nepotistic anti-predator behaviour create a safe haven in the natal territory for philopatric offspring and provides direct fitness benefits. Without such direct fitness benefits offspring may disperse and wait for a breeding opening elsewhere.

No description available.

Syftet med denna studie är att studera mediernas rapportering kring ett antal specifika händelser kopplade till SOS Alarm. Med vår undersökning avser vi att bidra till kunskapen om hur tidningarna Aftonbladet och Dagens Nyheter framställer SOS Alarm i sina nyhetspubliceringar. Mediernas rapportering är viktig att studera då mediebilden av SOS Alarm kan påverka allmänhetens förtroende för denna viktiga samhällsaktör. Detta är viktigt på grund av att den bild och på det vis som medierna framställer olika händelser påverkar människor, vår sociala och kulturella kontext, att se och uppfatta verkligheten vi lever i. Medierna utgör ett kraftfullt verktyg för människors åsikter, värderingar och påverkar människors beteende. Studien har använt sig av kvalitativ textanalys och inriktat sig på 43 tidningsartiklar från Aftonbladet och Dagens Nyheter. Med grunden i valda teorier diskuteras de resultat som undersökningen visar, med fokus på dramatisering. Vår slutsats är att båda tidningarna, men främst Aftonbladet har skapat en vinklad bild av olika händelser, genom sin frekventa användning av dramatisering i texterna. Vinklingen visade sig vara negativ, vilket beror på valet av ord och sammanhang som tidningarna gjort. / This study aims to study the media’s reporting on a number of specific events linked to the SOS Alarm. In our study, we wish to gain an insight into how the newspaper Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter presents SOS Alarm in their news releases. Media reporting is important to study because the media image of SOS Alarm can affect public confidence in this actor of society. This is important because the image and the way media produce different events affect people, our social and cultural context, to see and perceive the reality we live in. The media is a powerful tool for people’s options, values and affect people’s behavior. The study has used the method of quality content analysis and focused on 43 newspaper articles from Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter. With the foundation of the selected theories discussed the results that the investigation concludes with a focus on the dramatization. Our conclusion in the analysis of reporting on SOS Alarm is that both papers, but mainly Aftonbladet has created a biased and partially inaccurate picture of different events by the frequent use of dramatizations in the texts. The bias proved out to be negative, which depends on the choice of words and context in which the newspapers have done.

This thesis is dedicated to study of interactions of utra-high energy cosmic rays using measured data from the Pierre Auger Observatory, automatic alarm system called Shift Guard and analysis of correlation of temperature and detector response. The Pierre Auger Observatory is the largest experiment to study ultra-high energy cosmic rays. The assumed relation between temperature and fluorescence detector response is studied together with descriptive temperature analysis, which shows that the air-conditioning system is not able to stabilize temperature enough. The temperature influence on camera response is investigated in order to measure the calibration correction factor. Shift Guard - the alarm system dedicated to protect fluorescence detectors and data taking is introduced and its functionality is described. The alarm system informs shifters about some events and situations that can endanger detector or deteriorate data quality. The basic parameters and alarm system logic are described together with light and sound signals. The discrepancy between measured and predicted number of muons at ground level calculated by EAS generators is showed and possible sources of this disagree- ment are studied. The result of massive dark photons decay in EAS as one of exotic muon source is presented. The analysis...

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Since 1904 bedwetting alarms have been developed and scientifically described for the treatment of nocturnal enuresis, also known as bedwetting. Currently, several bedwetting alarms of various designs are available on the overseas market. These can be imported to South Africa at great cost. As affordable alarms were not readily available in South Africa, there was a need to develop and evaluate a new unit. In order to improve the efficacy of this new device, it was accompanied by detailed user guidelines and instructions. The use of this alarm was tested and the observations of thirteen bedwetting children recorded. Additionally, a programme was developed to counsel enuretic children with accompanying problems, and to assist the parents in dealing with their child's bedwetting problem. The observations and findings will be useful in practice and future research. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Educational Psychology - Specialisation in Guidance and Counselling)