Orientador: José Dirceu Ribeiro / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T18:45:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VilasBoas_AnaPaulaDias_M.pdf: 8464706 bytes, checksum: 836945f4ea4cb5d8da43706b60f44f3f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Nas últimas décadas, vários trabalhos sobre respiração bucal (RB) têm surgido na literatura, em contrapartida, pouco se conhece sobre vários aspectos desta síndrome, incluindo gravidade e repercussões sobre o rendimento físico e escolar. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o rendimento físico pelo teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6') e o rendimento escolar de crianças e adolescentes com RB e respiradores nasais (RN). MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal descritivo e prospectivo em crianças RB não graves e RN que foram submetidas ao TC6' e a avaliação do rendimento escolar por meio do boletim escolar. Foram analisadas variáveis durante o TC6': freqüência cardíaca (FC), frequência respiratória (FR), saturação periférica de oxigênio (SpO2), distância percorrida em seis minutos (DP6') e escala de Borg modificada (EBM). RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 156 escolares, 87 meninas (60 RN e 27 RB) e 69 meninos (44 RN e 25 RB). Todos os valores das variáveis estudadas foram estatisticamente diferentes entre os grupos RB e RN, com exceção do rendimento escolar e FC no TC6'. CONCLUSÃO: A RB afeta o rendimento físico mais precocemente que o rendimento escolar. Uma vez que, os RB desse estudo foram classificados como não graves, outros estudos comparando as variáveis de rendimento escolar e TC6' são necessários para melhor entendimento do processo do rendimento físico e escolar em crianças com RB / Abstract: In recent decades, many studies about mouth breathing (MB) have appeared in the literature, however, little is known about many aspects of this syndrome, including severity, impact on physical and scholar performance. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the physical performance six minutes walk test (6MWT) and academic performance of children and adolescents with MB and nose breathers (NB). METHODS: Descriptive, cross-sectional, and prospective study with children no severe MB that underwent to the 6MWT and evaluation of scholar performance through the report card. Variables were analyzed during the 6MWT: heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), oxygen saturation (SpO2), distance walked in six minutes (6MWD) and modified Borg scale (MBS). RESULT: We included 156 children, 87 girls (60 NB and 27 MB) and 69 boys (44 NB and 25 MB). All the variables studied were statistically different between groups NB and MB, with the exception of scholar performance and HR in 6MWT. CONCLUSION: The MB affects physical performance earlier than scholar performance. Since the MB in our study were classified as non-serious, other studies comparing the academic performance variables and 6MWT are needed to better understand of the process of physical and academic performances in MB children / Mestrado / Saude da Criança e do Adolescente / Mestra em Ciências

The Royal Botanic Gardens (RGB) is used as an umbrella name for the institution that runs Kew and Wakehurst Place gardens in Sussex The RBG has a large number of glasshouses at Kew and Wakehurst sites that consume lots of heating energy which is a major concern and the group is looking for an alternative heating system that will be more efficient and sustainable to save energy, cost and reduce CO2 emissions. Glasshouse due to greenhouse effect trap solar energy in the space with the slightest solar gains but the energy trapped in the space most often is vented through the roof wasted to keep the space temperature to the required level. An environmental measurement was carried out in twenty one zones of the glasshouse to establish the temperature and humidity profiles in the zones for at least three weeks. The investigation established that large amount of heat energy is vented to the atmosphere wasted and therefore need a heating system that could absorb and store the waste thermal energy. Phase change material (PCM) thermal energy storage technique was selected to be the best options compared to the others. It has been established that active and passive solar systems could provide enough thermal energy to meet the glasshouse heating requirements. PCM filled heating pipes will be installed to absorb the heat energy trapped in the glasshouse and use it when needed. The research analysis established that 204 MWh of the trapped energy wasted could be saved. The space temperature of the glasshouse could be maintained through melting and freezing of the PCM filled in the heating pipes. The site CHP waste heat could be useful. The research results have shown that nearly zero CO2 emission heating system could be achieved and the project is technically, economically and environmentally viable.

As more and more local governments begin to understand that the great promises of e-service delivery are harder than expected to realize, efficient use of ICT-resources have become increasingly important. Since simply providing more e-services is not the solution, the need to understand what constitutes a suitable e-service has arisen. Public services reach beyond the market domain; therefore, the complexities of public value must be dealt with when services are appraised. Furthermore, due to the heterogeneous nature of local government services it is impossible to evaluate all the options in depth; thus, there is a clear need for early-stage appraisal. However, existing methods of appraisal are burdened by intricacy, and associated with high costs. In response, this paper presents a model capable of reducing this intricacy. The model was developed through a participatory design process involving members on both operational and strategic level in the municipality of Skellefteå. The model implements state of the art into the workspace context while taking measures to reduce intricacy such as: incremental filtering, moving high intricacy elements to the end of the process, and exploitation of available data. As a result the organization is enabled to capture not only the low hanging fruit, but also the long tail of services. Furthermore, the improved understanding of e-service delivery has the potential to open up opportunities for new ways of business development and private-public partnerships. Finally, whereas the model presented is highly context-dependent, the implications outlined in this paper are not limited to this narrow scope. / Models for Strategic Business Development in Public Service

There are different ways in how to assess a value to a property and which assessment technique that is used differs due to circumstances in each country, leading to different views of what is the best and most effective way. At the moment Botswana is suffering from obsolete valuation rolls and is in the position where the system could benefit of a reform. The overall purpose with this study is to gain knowledge about how Botswana and Sweden differ in terms of property tax assessment. By clarifying the similarities and differences between how values are allocated and by determining the most value-influencing factors in Botswana, improvements of the system could be suggested. The research methods that were used to fulfil the study consisted of a review of relevant literature together with a case study performed in Gaborone. The case study contained semi-structured interviews with applicable staff and questionnaires responded by twelve valuers. The findings of this study show that there are similarities between the countries way of assessing properties since they both base their values on market value, use comparable sales method and assess both land and buildings. However, there are also differences in terms of the approach of assessment. The main difference is that Botswana applies an individual assessment method and Sweden mass appraisal. Other differences are the ones responsible for performing the assessment, and the structure of the assessment in terms of collecting data and the periods of assessment. Furthermore, the results from the questionnaires demonstrated that the most value-influencing factors for residential properties in Botswana are water, electricity and site amenities. The main conclusions drawn from this study is that Botswana could benefit from a movement towards mass appraisal and apply parts of the Swedish system. To make this possible to implement our recommendations are; to change the mindset of the stakeholders, increase awareness among property owners, base the valuation on a few important factors and computerize the cadastral register. A future research topic could be to investigate how a mass appraisal could be implemented as a step-by-step process. / Det finns olika sätt att bedöma ett värde på en fastighet och de bedömningstekniker som används varierar beroende på varje lands förutsättningar, vilket leder till olika uppfattningar om vad som är det bästa och mest effektiva sättet att värdera på. Botswana lider för närvarande av föråldrade taxeringsvärden och systemet skulle gynnas av en reform. Det huvudsakliga syftet med denna studie är att utveckla kunskap om hur fastighetstaxeringen i Botswana och Sverige skiljer sig åt. Genom att tydliggöra likheter och skillnader i hur fastigheterna i länderna tilldelas ett taxeringsvärde och genom att klarlägga de mest värdepåverkande faktorerna för fastigheterna i Botswana, kunde förbättringar av det botswanska systemet föreslås. För att genomföra studien utfördes en litteraturstudie baserad på relevant litteratur samt en fallstudie i Gaborone, som är huvudstaden i Botswana. Fallstudien innehöll dels semistrukturerade intervjuer med affärsmän inom området samt enkäter som besvarades av tolv värderingsmän. Resultaten av denna studie visar att den främsta likheten mellan länderna är att fastighetstaxeringsvärdet baseras på marknadsvärdet, detta är i sin tur baserat på ortsprismetoden och både mark och byggnader värderas. De skillnader som visade sig rörde tillvägagångssättet för bedömningen. Den största skillnaden är att Botswana tillämpar en individuell värdering och Sverige massvärdering. Andra skillnader som visade sig var bland annat vem det är som utför värderingen, hanteringen av insamlad data samt när värderingarna äger rum. Vidare visar resultaten från enkäterna att de mest värdepåverkande faktorerna för småhus i Botswana är vatten, el och tillgång till service. Slutsatsen av denna studie blev att Botswana skulle kunna gynnas av att implementera delar av det svenska fastighetstaxeringssystemet och i och med det gå mer mot massvärdering. För att kunna göra detta genomförbart är våra rekommendationer; att ändra tänkesätten hos de berörda parterna, öka medvetenheten bland fastighetsägare, basera värderingen på färre faktorer och datorisera fastighetsregistret. Ett framtida område för forskning skulle kunna vara att undersöka hur en massvärdering skulle kunna implementeras steg för steg.

Through language we represent, under many ways, our emotional reactions. This way, verbalization of human experience takes the realization of meanings construction system. In this perspective, under Systemic Functional Grammar light (HALLIDAY; HASAN, 1989; HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2004) and, specially, from The Appraisal System (MARTIN; WHITE, 2005), we have investigated which evaluative marks are recurrent in the discourse of people who experience cancer. In this sense, this research emphasis is on semantic valuation of suffering discourse, which is supported by Martin e White (2005) theoretical framework. The aim of this study is to chart which lexical choices and attitudinal resources build, by recurrence, the discourse of people who experience cancer. The corpus is composed by 10 interviews collected from Oncoguia portal, from the link Aprendendo com Você . In this context, the interviews take a great social relevance, in the humanistic sense, as a sharing of experiences, since they act breaking group, individual, social isolation; they can also serve to the pluralization of voices and to the democratic distribution of information (MEDINA 2008, p. 8), specially for being a huge fragility situation. The methodological procedures encompass the following stages: (1) elaboration of a list of words, through WordList resource (SCOTT, 2008); (2) identification and quantification of the most recurrent lexico-grammatical categories; (3) identification and categorization of the semantic subsystems of affect, judgment and appreciation; (4) semantic-interpretative data analysis. The results indicate a great recurrence of tenacity judgment categories and positive capacities, followed by affect for insecurity. Through judgment recurrences it is evident that overcoming is the watchword for the experiencers, who are determined to face and win cancer, since this is the only way of not submitting to mortality. The affect recurrences, focusing on the insecurity semantic field, indicate that the suffering experience triggers feelings of vulnerability and despair, bringing great sorrow for the fear of finiteness of life. The lexico-grammatical level investigations, more specifically in the ideational metafunction (HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2004) indicate frequency of lexical marks in the first person, of relational processes (mainly to be ) and the intensifiers, which contributes for the painful experience manifestation the interviewees go through. / Pela linguagem, representamos, de várias maneiras, nossas reações emocionais. Dessa forma, a verbalização da experiência humana assume a realização do sistema de construção de significados. Nessa perspectiva, sob a luz da Gramática Sistêmico-Funcional (HALLIDAY; HASAN, 1989; HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2004) e, especialmente, do Sistema de Avaliatividade (MARTIN; WHITE, 2005), investigamos as marcas avaliativas recorrentes no discurso de sujeitos que experienciam o câncer. Nesse sentido, o enfoque desta pesquisa recai sobre a valoração semântica do discurso do sofrimento, sustentada pelo arcabouço teórico de Martin e White (2005). O objetivo deste trabalho é mapear quais escolhas lexicais e recursos atitudinais constroem, pela recorrência, o discurso de pessoas que vivenciam o câncer. O corpus é constituído por 10 entrevistas coletadas do portal Oncoguia, do link Aprendendo com Você . Neste contexto, as entrevistas assumem grande relevância social, no sentido humanístico, como compartilhamento de experiências, pois atuam quebrando isolamentos grupais, individuais, sociais; pode também servir à pluralização de vozes e à distribuição democrática da informação (MEDINA, 2008, p. 8), especialmente por se tratar de uma situação de grande fragilidade. Os procedimentos metodológicos compreendem as seguintes etapas: (1) elaboração de uma lista de palavras, por meio do recurso WordList (SCOTT, 2008); (2) identificação e quantificação das categorias léxico-gramaticais mais recorrentes; (3) identificação e categorização dos subsistemas semânticos de afeto, de julgamento e de apreciação; (4) análise semântico-interpretativa dos dados. Os resultados apontam para a grande recorrência das categorias de julgamento de tenacidade e de capacidade positivas, seguidas de afeto por insegurança. Pelas ocorrências de julgamento fica evidente que a superação é palavra de ordem para os experienciadores, que estão determinados a enfrentar e vencer o câncer, posto ser essa a única maneira de não se submeter à mortalidade. As ocorrências de afeto, com foco no campo semântico de insegurança, indicam que a vivência do sofrimento desencadeia sentimentos de vulnerabilidade e desesperança, trazendo grande pesar pelo medo da finitude da vida. As investigações do nível léxico-gramatical, mais especificamente na metafunção ideacional (HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2004) evidenciam frequência de marcas lexicais em primeira pessoa, de processos relacionais (principalmente ser ) e de intensificadores, o que contribui para a manifestação da experiência dolorosa por que passam os entrevistados.

Magister Legum - LLM / Sexual violence leaves the victims psychologically traumatised and stigmatised in the eyes of its community. Used on a large scale, sexual violence can destabilise a society as a whole and when used during armed conflicts, it serves as a powerful weapon against members of a community. During armed conflicts, sexual violence is widespread and systematically used as a tool of war and this makes sexual violence amount to crimes against humanity, genocide and war crimes. This research paper critically analyses and evaluates sexual violence as an international crime, as well as its prosecution under international criminal law mainly by the International Criminal Court (hereafter ICC), International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (hereafter ICTY) and International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (hereafter ICTR). It discusses the problem of selectivity that can be observed in prosecuting sexual violence that has in fact, left many victims of sexual violence dissatisfied. By doing so, it analyses the law as it is to determine whether the law applied during sexual violence prosecutions is sufficient. The paper also states recommendations that can contribute to the effective prosecution of sexual crimes under international criminal law. / South Africa

The thesis deals with the valuation of real estates in the Czech Republic using statistical methods. The work focuses on a complex task based on data from an advertising web portal. The aim of the thesis is to create a prototype of the statistical predication model of the residential properties valuation in Prague and to further evaluate the dissemination of its possibilities. The structure of the work is conceived according to the CRISP-DM methodology. On the pre-processed data are tested the methods regression trees and random forests, which are used to predict the price of real estate.

為改善綠建築與售價之間的定錨效應，本研究以台灣EEWH綠建築評估系統為基礎，建構AHP分析層級程序法之問卷架構，共分為目標、面向、指標以及評估項目四大階層。透過第一階段以及第二階段問卷調查與分析，本研究初步得到不動產估價師平均願提高9.77%之綠建築願付價格，且住宅類綠建築中，價格影響權重較高者為室內環境、節能設備以及空調系統指標。 取得各評估項目的價格影響權重後，以相關分析、價格影響權重分析為基礎，篩選應謹慎考量其價格的評估項目，再輔以盒狀圖分析，將價格影響權重細分為若干加權等級，進而建立更加完善的住宅類綠建築估價應用總表，並提供不動產估價師於實務中使用。 最終，運用實證分析，本研究發現綠建築等級或總得分與溢價幅度具有中度以上的解釋力，當綠建築等級或總得分越高時，其溢價幅度亦隨之提高，然而，當綠建築施作至一定程度後，其上升的溢價幅度將有限；此外，以銀級為例時，同等級內的綠建築總得分與溢價幅度未具顯著解釋力，意旨同等級案例之總得分越高時，並無法解釋其溢價幅度將越大。本研究建議，當衡量綠建築之價格時，應依循本研究提供的應用總表，評估各綠建築的實質溢價情況，以提高綠建築案例於估價時的準確性。 / In order to improve the anchoring effect between green building and selling price, this study based on the EEWH Green Building Assessment System in Taiwan, and constructed the questionnaire structure of AHP analysis hierarchy process which classified into four dimensions: Target, Orientation, Index and Element. Through the first stage and the second stage of the questionnaire survey, the higher weight of the price impact are the indexes of indoor environment, energy-saving equipment and air conditioning system. The average of willing to pay on the green buildings from the appraisals is around 9.77%. Based on the correlation analysis, the weight of price impact analysis and the box analysis, there are some elements which need to be subdivided into several weighting scale. After that, this study would establish a much more complete table called “the application table of residential green buildings.” It will provide for appraisers to use in practice as well. Finally, using the empirical analysis, this study found that there are moderate positive correlation between the levels or the total scores of green buildings and the price premium, which means the higher the green building level or the total score is, the greater the price premium is. However, when the green building level reach a certain extent, the increase on the prie premium will be limited. In addition, take the silver level for example. The total score of green buildings in the same level dose not have significant correlation with its price premium, which means the higher scores of green buildings in the same level can not explain the price premium will be greater. Therefore, this study suggests that green buildings should follow the application table provided in this study to measure the real premiums of the green buildings in order to improve the accuracy of the green building price at the time of appraisal.

The thesis is based on a multi disciplinary study involving both particulars regarding military history and certain psychological theories. In order to be able to discuss the psychological experiences of Boers during the guerrilla phase of the Anglo-Boer War, the first chapters of the thesis strive to provide the required background. Firstly an overview of the initial conventional phase of the war is furnished, followed by a discussion of certain psychological issues relevant to stress and methods of coping with stress. Subsequently, guerrilla warfare as a global concern is examined. A number of important events during the transitional stage, in other words, the period between conventional warfare and total guerrilla warfare, are considered followed by the regional details concerning the Boers’ plans for guerrilla warfare. These details include the ecological features, the socio-economic issues of that time and military information about the regions illustrating the dissimilarity and variety involved. In the chapters that follow the focus is concentrated on the psychological impact of the guerrilla war on the Boers. The wide range of stressors (factors inducing stress) are arranged according to certain topics: stress caused by military situations; stress caused by the loss of infrastructure in the republics; stress caused by environmental factors; stress arising from daily hardships; stress caused by anguish and finally stressors prompted by an individuals disposition. Then the psychological theories regarding an individual’s resistance resources (or general resistance resources ─ GRRs) and the means of using these resources to cope with stress are applied to the actual circumstances that the Boers were faced with. This discourse is arranged according to material resources, motivational issues and intrapersonal resources. Subsequently the complete guerrilla warfare phase is considered, the accent being placed on the psychological effect that the Boers’ strategies, as well as the British counter strategies, had on the republican forces. The phase is subdivided into four stages according to the course of the war, while still furnishing an overall account of the guerrilla phase ─ ranging from the initial successes on Boer side, the gradual decline in Boer initiatives to the final months, when the few successful encounters that the Boers launched, came too late to change matters. In the final chapter the impact of the guerrilla warfare on a selected group of Boers is examined in the form of case studies. The group includes President M.T. Steyn, whose health failed him in the end and Generals C.R. de Wet and J.C. Smuts, where their positive conduct is considered from a psychological perspective. The result of the continuous pressure on the young Commandant G.J. Scheepers is examined and the stress related experiences of Chief Field Cornet H.S. van der Walt, Burghers P.J. du Toit and R.W. Schikkerling are analysed. / Thesis (DPhil(History))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Jurisprudence / unrestricted

This thesis is focused on the construction of traffic communications and their influence over the surroundings. The introduction of the work shows reasons leading to the increase of an importance of the road transportation and it appreciates a transport policy and an urban planning. Further work describes transport from the view of public finance and there are mentioned specialities of appraisals of transport projects. Main theme of this thesis deals with construction of peripheral by-pass road around Prague. It concerns on the north-west part of the by-pass road because there are two possibilities of the route location, the south version is supported for a long time, the north version was suggested as an alternative route few years ago because of its better impacts to surrounding environment.