As fosfolipases A2 (PLA2s) catalisam a hidrólise de ácidos graxos na posição sn-2 das membranas fosfolipídicas e liberam, como subprodutos, ácidos graxos livres. As PLA2s do grupo IIA são encontradas em peçonhas de serpentes da família Viperidae e desempenham diversas atividades apresentando potencial miotóxico, neurotóxico, hemolítico, edematogênico, citotóxico, hipotensivo, anticoagulante, inibição/ativação da agregação plaquetária, bactericida e pró-inflamatório. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo o isolamento e a caracterização funcional de uma PLA2 isolada da peçonha de Bothrops jararaca. Para a purificação dessa proteína, denominada BJ-PLA2-I, foram necessários três passos cromatográficos consecutivos: cromatografia de exclusão molecular em Sephacryl S-200, cromatografia de troca iônica em Source TM 15Q/50mL e cromatografia de troca iônica em MonoQ TM 5/50 GL. A BJ-PLA2-I apresentou elevado grau de pureza por SDS-PAGE e por cromatografia de fase reversa C18, em HPLC. Apresentou ainda, características ácidas, com pI em torno de 4,4 e teve a sua massa molecular determinada por dois métodos, obtendo-se valores bem próximos de 14,8 kDa (SDS-PAGE) e 14,2 kDa (MALDI-TOF). Esse fato é comum considerando que a espectrometria de massas é um método mais preciso e determina de maneira mais exata a massa molecular. O sequenciamento N-terminal da BJ-PLA2-I resultou em 60 resíduos de aminoácidos. O alinhamento múltiplo com outras fosfolipases A2 de serpentes do mesmo gênero mostrou similaridade entre elas, mostrando identidade de 100% com a BJ-PLA2, fosfolipase A2 Asp-49, também isolada da Bothrops jararaca. Esse dado levanta a hipótese de que a BJ-PLA2-I purificada neste trabalho e a BJ-PLA2 se tratam da mesma proteína, entretanto essa hipótese só poderá ser confirmada quando a sequência completa da BJ-PLA2-I for obtida. Outros dados encontrados neste trabalho reforçam essa hipótese, isso porque, avaliando a atividade fosfolipásica, o efeito sobre as plaquetas e o pI, tanto a BJ-PLA2-I quanto a BJ-PLA2 apresentaram características semelhantes. A BJ-PLA2-I, sendo uma Asp-49, mostrou alta atividade catalítica e efeito inibidor da agregação plaquetária induzida por ADP (20,5 ?g/mL inibiu 50 % da agregação plaquetária). Ela também foi capaz de induzir a migração leucocitária após a administração de diferentes concentrações (5, 10 e 20 ?g/mL) da BJ-PLA2-I. Esse dado também foi encontrado no ensaio em que a concentração de 10 ?g/mL foi fixada e variou-se o tempo de 2, 4 e 24 horas, observando-se principalmente a migração de neutrófilos. Além disso, verificou-se a liberação das citocinas IL-6 e IL-1?, de proteínas totais e de prostaglandina E2 na reação inflamatória induzida pela BJ-PLA2-I. No entanto, não foi observado a produção de TNF-?, IL-10 e leucotrieno B4. A BJ-PLA2-I caracterizou-se como uma PLA2 pró-inflamatória, produzindo inflamação local aguda. A BJ-PLA2-I foi avaliada quanto ao seu potencial antitumoral em três linhagens celulares distintas (PBMC, HL-60 e HepG2). Observou-se que a enzima em questão possui baixo potencial antitumoral para a linhagem HL-60, reduzindo o número de células tumorais em apenas cerca de 20% nas concentrações testadas. Verificou-se pequena alteração na viabilidade celular das células de PMBC, nas maiores concentrações testadas (160 e 80 ?g/mL) e, na linhagem HepG2 não foi encontrada nenhuma alteração. Concluindo, as informações adquiridas neste trabalho são de suma importância para a melhor compreensão dos mecanismos envolvidos nas atividades biológicas desempenhadas pelas PLA2s. Além disso, a BJ-PLA2-I pode servir como modelo molecular para a formulação de fármacos mais eficazes a serem utilizados no tratamento de várias doenças. / Phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) catalyze the hydrolysis of fatty acids in the sn-2 position of membrane phospholipids, releasing free fatty acids as by-products. PLA2s of group IIA are found in snake venoms of the Viperidae family and perform various activities, including myotoxic, neurotoxic, hemolytic, edematogenic, cytotoxic, hypotensive, anticoagulant, inhibition/activation of platelet aggregation, bactericidal and proinflammatory effects. This work aimed at the isolation and functional characterization of a PLA2 isolated from Bothrops jararaca venom. For the purification of this protein, called BJ-PLA2-I, three consecutive chromatographic steps were used (size exclusion chromatography on Sephacryl S-200, ion exchange chromatography on Source 15Q/50 mL, ion exchange chromatography on MonoQ 5/50 GL). Confirmation of the purity of BJ-PLA2-I was evaluated by SDS-PAGE and reverse phase HPLC using a C18 column. BJ-PLA2-I has acidic characteristics, with pI around 4.4, and its molecular mass was determined by two methods, obtaining values close to 14.8 kDa (SDS-PAGE) and 14.2 kDa (MALDI-TOF). The N-terminal sequencing of BJ-PLA2-I resulted in 60 amino acid residues. Multiple alignment with other phospholipases A2 of snakes of the same genus showed high similarity between them, showing 100% identity with BJ-PLA2, an Asp-49 phospholipase A2 previously isolated from Bothrops jararaca venom. This finding raises the possibility that the PLA2 purified in this work is the same protein previously described (BJ-PLA2), however, this assumption can only be confirmed when the complete sequence of BJ-PLA2-I is obtained. Other data obtained in this study support this hypothesis, considering that the phospholipase activity, the effect on platelets and pI of both BJ-PLA2-I and BJ-PLA2 showed to be similar. BJ-PLA2-I, being an Asp-49 PLA2, showed high catalytic activity and inhibitory effect on the platelet aggregation induced by ADP (20.5 ?g/mL inhibited 50% of the platelet aggregation). It was also able to induce leukocyte migration after the administration of different concentrations (5, 10 and 20 ?g/mL) of BJ-PLA2-I. This fact was also found when the concentration of 10 ?g/mL was fixed and response times were varied (2, 4 and 24 hours), observing especially neutrophil migration. Furthermore, there was a release of IL-6 and IL-1?, total proteins and prostaglandin E2 in the inflammatory reaction induced by BJ-PLA2-I, however, the production of TNF-?, IL-10 and leukotriene B4 was not observed. BJ-PLA2-I was characterized as a proinflammatory PLA2 producing acute local inflammation. BJ-PLA2-I was evaluated for its antitumor potential on three different cell lines (PBMC, HL-60 and HepG2). It was observed that this enzyme showed a low antitumor potential on HL-60 tumor cell line, reducing the number of tumor cells in only about 20% at the concentrations tested. There was little change in cell viability of PBMC cells in the higher concentrations tested (80 and 160 ?g/mL), but no change was found on HepG2 tumor cell line. In conclusion, the information obtained in this work are of utmost importance for better understanding the mechanisms involved in the biological activities induced by PLA2s. Furthermore, BJ-PLA2-I may serve as a molecular model for the formulation of more effective drugs to be used in the treatment of various diseases.

Este trabalho introduz uma técnica chamada Answer Set Programming Probabilístico (PASP), que permite a modelagem de teorias complexas e a verificação de sua consistência em relação a um conjunto de dados estatísticos. Propomos métodos de resolução baseados em uma redução para o problema da satisfazibilidade probabilística (PSAT) e um método de redução de Turing ao ASP. / This dissertation introduces a technique called Probabilistic Answer Set Programming (PASP), that allows modeling complex theories and check its consistence with respect to a set of statistical data. We propose a method of resolution based in the reduction to the probabilistic satisfiability problem (PSAT) and a Turing reduction method to ASP.

This study is a based on a quantitative content analysis with the purpose to analyse if the Swedish Radio’s local radio channel P4 Norrbotten is objective during there coverage of the 2014 election in Sweden. The analysed material consists of the newscast from the local radiostation. All newscasts were broadcasted from September 1st 2014 to September 14th 2014. The material was transcribed at the The Swedish Media Database (SMDB) at the National Library of Sweden. The study used different theories, the objectivity concept presented by Westerståhl (1972) and a theory presented by Asp (2011) about how political parties and political actors are favoured or disadvantaged by the news presented in the local broadcast. The political theory of mediatization has also been used. 600 analysis units were encoded in the code analysis. Of these, 84 were about the 2014 election or contained political parties. Results from the quantitative content analysis shows that the Social Democrats where the political party that occurred most frequently in the news. Asp’s (2011) theory shows that the Swedish Democrats were favoured the most from news reporting, while the Green Party was most disadvantaged by the news reporting. According to the results from the code analysis, the local radiostation P4 Norrbotten is objective in its news coverage of the 2014 election campaign in Sweden. / Denna studie är en kvantitativ innehållsanalys där syftet är att undersöka om Sveriges Radio P4 Norrbotten är objektiv i sin bevakning av valrörelsen 2014. Materialet som är analyserat är P4 Norrbottens egna nyhetssändningar som sändes mellan den första september 2014 till och med den 14:e september 2014. Materialet har samlats in och transkriberats vid SMDB vid Kungliga Biblioteket i Stockholm, Sverige. De teorier som har använts är Westerståhls (1972) objektivitetsbegrepp, Asps (2011) aktörsbehandlingsindex samt politisk medialisering. 600 analysenheter kodades i kodanalysen. Av dessa berörde 89 stycken antingen valet 2014 eller så förekom politiska partier. Resultatet från kodanalysen visar att Socialdemokraterna var det parti som förekom mest frekvent i nyheterna. Utifrån aktörsbehandlingsindexet gynnades Sverigedemokraterna mest av rapporteringen medan Miljöpartiet missgynnades mest av nyhetsrapporteringen. Enligt resultatet från kodanalysen är P4 Norrbotten objektiva i sin bevakning av valrörelsen 2014.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 22-25, 2001 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / TechSat21 is an innovative satellite program sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Its mission is to control a cluster of satellites that, when combined, create a “virtual satellite” with which to conduct various experiments in sparse aperture sensing and formation flying. Because TechSat21 customers have a need to view very large data sets that vary from the payload to the satellite state of health1 a modern viewing method using Java Server Pages and Active Server Pages is being developed to meet these interactive dynamic demands.

The aim of this thesis is to investigate the discourse function of connectives in Chinese narratives. It is found that connectives , being a kind of cohesive ties , operate at different levels of discourse as boundary markers. The present study also points out that the occurrences of Chinese connectives are governed by semantic relatedness and discourse structure of the connected discourse units. Chinese connectives are classified on the basis of their meanings into four categories. In describing the positions of the four types of connectives in discourse , the author asserts that Chinese discourse is hierarchically composed of recursive micro-structures and macro-structures , with units occuring at a lower level exhibiting tighter connection. The four categories of connectives occur in discourse to link units at different levels. Additives , with the meaning of “in addition” , generally occur within topic chain to link micro-structures. Causals, which serve to connect expressions bearing causal relations , are mostly used at the connections of micro-structures and less frequently to link macro-structures. Adversatives, which mean "contrast" or "contrariness" , occur at the connections of macrostructures where discourse usually shifts to a different view point. Temporals , indicating temporal sequence , may be used either to link micro-structural expressions of events or actions or to mark shifts of the temporal settings at macro-structural level. The above findings are verified with a quantitive analysis of topic continuity which is proposed to be the indicator of semantic relatedness. The quantative analysis reveals that additives are associated with high topic continuity , and causals , adversatives and temporals are related to low continuity. The thesis also includes an experiment on empirical validity of the findings. The results of the test show that the conclusion proposed in this study adequately describes the native speakers ' competence in using Chinese connectives to organize discourse.

Autumn senescence is a visually spectacular phenomenon in which trees prepare for the oncoming winter. The mechanism for regulation of autumn senescence in trees has been very hard to pinpoint. In this thesis the main focus is to investigate how autumn senescence is regulated in aspens (Populus tremula). Previous work has established that autumn senescence in aspens is under daylight control, in this thesis the metabolic status and the effect on autumn senescence was investigated. The metabolic status was altered by girdling which leads to accumulation of photosynthates in the canopy. This resulted in an earlier onset of senescence but also the speed of senescence was changed. At the onset of senescence the girdled trees also accumulated or retained anthocyanins. The nitrogen status of aspens during autumn senescence was also investigated, we found that high doses of fertilization could significantly delay the onset of senescence. The effects of various nitrogen forms was investigated by delivering organic and inorganic nitrogen through a precision fertilization delivery system that could inject solutes directly into the xylem of the mature aspens. The study showed that addition of nitrate delayed senescence, addition of arginine did not have any effect on the autumn senescence in aspens, and furthermore the nitrate altered the trees leaf metabolism that was more profound in high dosages of supplied nitrate.  Cytokinins are plant hormones believed to delay or block senescence, studies have suggested that the decrease of cytokinins and/or cytokinin signalling may precede senescence in some plants. To investigate how cytokinin regulates autumn senescence in aspens we profiled 34 cytokinin types in a free growing mature aspen. The study begun before autumn senescence was initiated and ended with the shedding of the leaves, and spanned three consecutive years. The study showed that the individual cytokinin profiles varied significantly between the years, this despite that senescence was initiated at the same time each year. Senescence was furthermore not connected to the depletion of either active or total cytokinins levels. The gene pattern of genes known to be associated with cytokinin was also studied, but no gene expression pattern that the profile generated could explain the onset of senescence. These results suggest that the depletion of cytokinins is unlikely to explain the tightly regulated onset of autumn leaf senescence in aspen.

Information technologies develop very quickly. And in the same way should be changed the companie's attitude to them. But the question is whether this is actually happening. If the companies and their employees are able to adapt to new technologies as quickly as these technologies arise. One of the phenomena of recent years is delivering applications through Software As A Service (SaaS). This concept is closely linked with the issue of Cloud computing and its use can be solved by outsourcing corporate IT structure. So here we meet three very exposed concepts. But their terms are often used confused or in the wrong context. This work focuses on explaining these concepts in the context of business intelligence and analysis on the aspects that affect them. In particular, cloud computing is a modern concept, which everyone talks about but only few people know exactly what it means and what it could bring to a particular company. This work helps to answer these questions and it helps to sort out the context and framework within which the possible changes in the corporate IT infrastructure should be discussed to make decisions. The first part is focused on basic lighting of these concepts and their insertion into mutual context. The second part is then devoted to current trends in this area so that conclusions for a prediction of the expected development in the coming years can be drawn.

<p>CML Data AB is a small IT-company that offers complete IT-solutions adjusted to the needs of the customers. It is hard for the employees to bring all necessary papers, files and software when visiting a customer. They also have difficulties planning their daily work and to keep track of each other, because of the lack of a shared calendar.</p><p>The purpose of this report is to answer the following questions:</p><p>- How do you develop a centralized information system for CML Data AB where it is possible for the employees to gain access to files, plan their days and where the customers can get access to relevant information?</p><p>- How do you develop an information system that is easy to manage?</p><p>- How do you make it easier for the employees at CML Data AB to update their homepage?</p><p>We discussed the problems and the future information system with the employees and were able to establish a set of needs and requirements which we then used as a foundation during the software development. We used user centered system design during the whole process and focused a lot on usability and interaction design.</p><p>The project resulted in a stylistically pure and user friendly portal. The portal can be used to access and upload files and plan the daily work. It can also be used for administration of the homepage and the portal users.</p> / <p>CML Data AB är ett teknikintensivt och renodlat IT-företag som skräddarsyr helhetslösningar anpassade efter kundens behov. CML Data AB kan sägas fungera som en extern IT-avdelning för företag. Mycket av arbetet sköts ute hos kunder och man får ofta åka ut på uppdrag med kort varsel. Det är då svårt att få med sig de nödvändiga filer, dokument och programvaror som krävs. Företaget saknar även en gemensam kalender där det dagliga arbetet kan planeras.</p><p>För att få en bättre inblick i företagets verksamhet och för att få fram de förändringsbehov som fanns gjordes en FA/SIMM-analys. Denna analys visade att CML Data AB var i behov av ett centraliserat informationssystem med möjlighet att ladda upp och hämta filer, samt en kalender för att underlätta planeringen av det dagliga arbetet.</p><p>Det kunde också konstateras att företagets hemsida behövde förnyas och göras lättare att uppdatera och förändra.</p><p>Examensarbetets frågeställningar fastställdes till följande:</p><p>- Hur utvecklar man ett centraliserat informationssystem åt CML Data AB där det går att planera sitt arbete, få åtkomst till filer och där kunder kan komma åt relevant information?</p><p>- Hur utvecklar man ett centraliserat informationssystem åt CML Data AB som är enkelt och smidigt att administrera?</p><p>- Hur gör man det lättare och mindre tidskrävande för de anställda på CML Data AB att uppdatera hemsidan?</p><p>Tillsammans med de anställda på företaget togs de krav och behov fram som fanns på informationssystemet. Utvecklingsarbetet skedde med stöd av användarcentrerad systemdesign och fokuserade mycket på användarvänlighet och interaktionsdesign. Innan programmeringen tog vid framställdes ett antal prototyper som de anställda fick ha synpunkter på. Ett par av dessa prototyper godkändes och låg som grund för det fortsatta utvecklingsarbetet.</p><p>En accessdatabas ligger till grunden för informationssystemet som utvecklats i Visual Studio .NET med hjälp av programmeringsspråket Visual Basic .NET och serverspråket ASP .NET.</p><p>Arbetet resulterade i en portal med ett stilrent och användarvänligt gränssnitt. Från portalen går det att hämta och ladda upp filer, det går även att planera arbetsveckan och få information om vart de anställda befinner sig genom den gemensamma kalendern. Portalen har även en enkel och lättnavigerad administrationsdel där det går att uppdatera, ta bort och förändra den information som finns i portalen. Från administrationsdelen kan man också uppdatera och förändra den nydesignade hemsidan. Genom ett enkelt WYSIWYG-gränssnitt kan man lätt uppdatera och lägga till bilder och texter på hemsidan. Det finns också funktioner för att lägga till helt nya sidor och för att lägga till nyheter på hemsidan.</p>

Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, die brunststimulierende Wirkung des synthetisch hergestellten Gonadorelin[5-His, 6-Asp, 7-Trp, 8-Lys] (International Nonproprietary Name: Peforelin), das in dem Präparat Maprelin® XP10 enthalten ist, bei abgesetzten pluriparen Sauen zu prüfen. Im ersten Versuchsabschnitt wurde die zweckmäßige Dosierung ermittelt. Im zweiten Versuchsabschnitt wurde die Wirkung von Maprelin® XP10 mit der einer eCG- und einer Placebobehandlung verglichen. Die Bedingungen waren für die Versuchstiere in beiden Versuchsabschnitten homogen (etwa vierter Wurf, Säugezeit vier Wochen, Brunstkontrolle zweimal täglich in Anwesenheit eines geschlechtsaktiven Ebers, zweimal täglich sonographische Ovaruntersuchung, duldungsorientierte Besamung einmal täglich). In der Dosisfindungsstudie, in die 88 Tiere einbezogen wurden, erwies sich die Dosierung von 150 µg Peforelin, 24 Stunden nach dem Absetzen appliziert, als zweckmäßig zur Brunststimulation. Andere getestete Varianten (100 µg 24 Stunden, 150 µg 0 Stunden, 150 µg 48 Stunden, 187,5 µg 24 Stunden, 255 µg 24 Stunden nach dem Absetzen) waren hierzu weniger geeignet. In der Untersuchung zur klinischen Wirksamkeit wurden die 313 einbezogenen Tiere in drei Gruppen aufgeteilt und erhielten 24 Stunden nach dem Absetzen pro Tier 150 µg Peforelin (Gruppe I), 800 IE eCG (Gruppe II) oder 2 ml physiologische NaCl-Lösung als Placebo (Gruppe III). Zur Befunderhebung an den Ovarien wurden die Tiere zweimal täglich sonographisch untersucht. Die Östrusrate nach der Peforelin-Behandlung war derjenigen nach eCG-Injektion gleichwertig (95,1 bzw. 96,3 %), beide waren der Placebobehandlung signifikant überlegen (80,6 %). In die weiteren Auswertungen wurden nur Tiere mit Brunstbeginn bis zum siebten Tag nach dem Absetzen einbezogen. Das Absetz-Östrus-Intervall betrug 100,5, 94,2 bzw. 104,1 Stunden in den Gruppen I, II bzw. III. In der Brunstdauer und dem Intervall vom Östrusbeginn bis zur Ovulation unterschieden sich die drei Gruppen nicht. Die durchschnittliche Follikelgröße war in allen drei Gruppen zum Zeitpunkt des Absetzens 4 mm und zum Zeitpunkt der ersten Duldung 6 mm. Die Ovulationen fanden sowohl nach eCG als auch nach Maprelin® XP10 zwischen dem Mittag des sechsten (13.00 h) und der Nacht des siebten Tages (1.00 h) nach dem Absetzen statt. Bei der sonographischen Trächtigkeitsuntersuchung in der vierten Woche post inseminationem waren 100,0, 99,0 bzw. 97,6 % in den Gruppen I, II bzw. III positiv. Die Trächtigkeitsrate betrug 96,9, 97,1 bzw. 91,6 % in den Gruppen I, II bzw. III. Die Abferkelrate ergab 92,2, 93,4 und 73,8 % in den Gruppen I, II und III. Das Abferkelergebnis war in allen drei Gruppen gleich (11,7, 12,0 bzw. 11,6 insgesamt geborene Ferkel in den Gruppen I, II bzw. III). Es wurde eine negative Korrelation zwischen der Dauer des Absetz-Östrus-Intervalls und der Brunstdauer bzw. dem Intervall vom Östrusbeginn bis zur Ovulation nachgewiesen. Darüber hinaus korrelierten die Brunstdauer und das Intervall Östrusbeginn bis Ovulation positiv miteinander. In allen drei Gruppen stand die Follikelgröße bei der ersten Duldung in positiver Korrelation mit der Länge des Absetz-Östrus-Intervalls. Nach längerer Säugezeit kamen die Sauen tendenziell und in der Gruppe I signifikant früher in die Brunst als nach kürzerer Laktation. Weitere überprüfte potentielle Einflussfaktoren hatten weder auf den Brunsteintritt noch auf die erzielten Wurfgrößen oder andere Parameter Auswirkungen. Mit der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurde erstmals die Wirksamkeit des synthetisch hergestellten Peforelin zur Brunststimulation bei abgesetzten pluriparen Sauen nachgewiesen. Inwieweit das Präparat für diese Indikation auch bei primiparen Sauen oder Jungsauen wirksam eingesetzt werden kann, bleibt weiteren klinischen Prüfungen vorbehalten.

Vi har i vår studie tittat på dynamisk webbprogrammering med fokus på Microsofts senaste teknik ASP.NET. Studien syftar till att ta reda på varför systemutvecklande organisationer infört ASP.NET, vilka förväntningar de har på tekniken och vilka utvecklingsverktyg som används. Vi har arbetat enligt ett hermeneutiskt synsätt för att få kvalitativ förståelse och ett helhetsperspektiv. Vi har valt semistrukturerade intervjuer för datainsamling och för analysen har vi valt en anpassad variant av Grundad teori. Vårt resultat visar att några av anledningarna till införandet av ASP.NET hos organisationerna i studien beror dels på att de vill ligga långt fram i användandet av nya tekniker, dels upplever de att krav ställs på dem att de ska tillhandahålla och behärska de senaste utvecklingsteknologierna. Få uttalade förväntningar fanns på ASP.NET vid införandet och som utvecklingsverktyg används uteslutande Microsoft Visual Studio.NET som anses vara ett kraftfullt verktyg. Microsofts licensavtal och dominans på marknaden har också påverkat. Några av slutsatserna blir att konkurrensfördelar kan erhållas genom en övergång till ASP.NET. Systemintegration blir enklare, vilket kan attrahera nya kundgrupper. Bättre möjligheter till struktur i programmeringen gör projekt lättare att planera och system lättare att underhålla. / In our research we have studied dynamical Web programming with the latest technology from Microsoft, ASP.NET. The purpose of the study is to find out why system developing organizations have introduced ASP.NET, what expectations of the technology they have and which development tools they use. We have worked according to a hermeneutical approach in order to get a qualitative understanding and a comprehensive view. We have chosen semi structured interviews for data acquisition and for analyze we have chosen an adapted variant of Grounded Theory. Our result shows that some reasons to why the organizations in the study have introduced ASP.NET are that they will be in the frontline regarding the use of new technologies. They also feel that there is an expectation of them to use and know the latest of development technologies. There weren’t much explicit expectations of ASP.NET during the introduction. All of the organizations in the research used Microsoft Visual Studio.NET as development tool, because it is a powerful tool. The license agreement with Microsoft and its dominance on the market has also influenced them. Some of our conclusions are that the organizations could have some competitive advantages if they introduce ASP.NET. System integration will be easier, which can attract new groups of customers. The possibilities to structure in the programming will make projects easier to plan and the maintaining of systems will be simpler.