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No. of bitstreams: 1 inforsato_fj_me_rcla.pdf: 2106040 bytes, checksum: 5384cac1311ff16eee3bec56a6987c15 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Os micro-organismos que habitam o continente Antártico podem apresentar produção de compostos de interesse industrial e ambiental com propriedades específicas por estarem adaptados às condições adversas da Antártica. Dentre os compostos produzidos por micro-organismos da Antártica podemos destacar as enzimas adaptadas ao frio. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal estudar a diversidade dos fungos filamentosos e leveduriformes isolados de cinco amostras de sedimentos marinhos da Antártica, bem como prospectar as enzimas lipase e protease. Para o isolamento dos fungos duas estratégias foram aplicadas (com e sem enriquecimento das amostras). Para ambas as estratégias, os sedimentos marinhos foram diluídos em solução salina e após homogeneização inoculados em placas de Petri contendo quatro diferentes meios de cultura (PDA, BSA, PDA diluído 10x, MA), as quais foram incubadas a 5 e 15ºC. Um total de 226 isolados foi recuperado, sendo 60 fungos filamentosos e 166 leveduras. A maioria dos fungos foi isolada a 15ºC (68%) De acordo com os dados de sequenciamento e análise filogenética, representantes de oito gêneros e quatro espécies de fungos filamentosos foram isolados das amostras de sedimentos marinhos. Os gêneros Penicillium e Pseudogymnoascus foram os mais abundantes (40,00%), seguidos pelo gênero Cadophora (6,67%), Cladosporium (5,00%), Toxicocladosporium, Pseudocercosporella, Pestalotiopsis e Paraconiothyrium (1,67%). Para as leveduras, representantes de nove gêneros e 13 espécies foram recuperadas das amostras, sendo a espécie Metschnikowia australis (45,18%) a mais abundante, seguida por representantes do gênero Mrakia (21,68%), Cryptococcus e Glaciozyma (7,83%), Meyerozyma e Holtermanniella (5,42%), Rhodotorula (4,21%), Cystobasidium (1,80%) e Phenoliferia (0,60%). Alguns dos fungos filamentosos identificados no presente trabalho não haviam sido ainda reportados em ambientes Antárticos (Toxicocladosporium, Pseudocercosporella e Paraconiothyrium). As análises de diversidade revelaram que a amostra A5 coletada no Refúgio 2 (20 m, 0,1ºC) apresentou a maior riqueza de espécies, enquanto a amostra A2 coletada no Botany Point (24,7 m, 0,6ºC) se mostrou mais diversa. Com relação à diversidade β, as amostras A5 e A6 coletadas na mesma região geográfica (Refúgio 2) apresentaram o maior compartilhamento de espécies (42,3%). Os isolados foram avaliados quando à capacidade de produção de lipase e protease. Os resultados revelaram que a levedura 6A-1C2II (M. australis) apresentou a maior atividade lipolítica (0,88 U.mL-1) e o fungo filamentoso 4A-1C615III (Pseudogymnoascus sp.) a maior atividade proteolítica (6,21 U.mL-1). Ambos os isolados foram submetidos aos estudos de avaliação de diferentes fatores na produção das enzimas visando maximização da produção enzimática. Após a condução de planejamentos experimentais do tipo Plackett-Burman (PB), a produção de lipase por M. australis 6A-1C2II aumentou 1,36 vezes e a produção de protease por Pseudogymnoascus sp. 4A-1C615III 4,72 vezes. Nos experimentos de validação das condições otimizadas, as médias das triplicatas apresentaram valores inferiores aos alcançados nos planejamentos. A condução do presente trabalho permitiu a ampliação do conhecimento sobre a diversidade de fungos e leveduras que habitam os sedimentos marinhos da Antártica. Em adição, resultou na obtenção de isolados de fungos filamentosos e leveduras de ambiente extremo, os quais estão sendo mantidos na coleção de pesquisa associada à Central de Recursos Microbianos da UNESP (CRMUNESP) e poderão ser utilizados em estudos futuros de prospecção e aplicação biotecnológica. / Microorganisms that inhabit the Antarctic continent can produce compounds of industrial and environmental interest with specific characteristics, since they are adapted to the adverse conditions in Antarctica. Among the compounds that are produce by Antarctic microorganisms we can enhance the cold-adapted enzymes. The main objective of this research was to study the diversity of filamentous fungi and yeasts from five Antarctic marine sediments samples, as well as to prospect lipase and protease enzymes. Two strategies were applied for fungal isolation (with and without enrichment of the samples). For both strategies, the sediments were diluted with saline solution and after homogenization the dilutions were inoculated in Petri dishes containing four different culture media (PDA, BSA, PDA diluted 10x, and MA), which were incubated at 5 and 15 ºC. The total amount of isolates recovered was 226, being 60 fungi and 166 yeasts. Most of the fungi were isolated at 15ºC (68%). According to sequencing data and phylogenetic analyses, eight genera and four species of filamentous fungi were isolated from the marine sediment samples. The genera Penicillium and Pseudogymnoascus were the most abundant (40.00%); followed by genus Cadophora (6.67%), Cladosporium (5.00%), Toxicocladosporium, Pseudocercosporella, Pestalotiopsis, and Paraconiothyrium (1.67%). Representatives of nine genera and thirteen yeast species were recovered from the sediment samples, the specie Metschnikowia australis was the most abundant (45.18%), followed by isolates from genus Mrakia (21.68%), Cryptococcus and Glaciozyma (7.83%), Meyerozyma and Holtermanniella (5.42%), Rhodotorula (4.21%), Cystobasidium (1.80%), and Phenoliferia (0.60%). Some of the fungi identified in the present work were not reported in Antarctic environments before (Toxicocladosporium, Pseudocercosporella e Paraconiothyrium). The diversity analyses showed that the sample A5 collected from Refúgio 2 (20 m, 0.1ºC) presented higher species richness, while sample A2 that was collect from Botany Point (24,7 m, 0.6ºC) was the most diverse. According to β diversity data, the samples A5 and A6 that were collect in the same geographic region (Refúgio 2) showed the higher species sharing (42.3%). The capacity to produce lipase and protease were evaluated. The results revealed that the yeast 6A-1C2II (M. australis) presented the best lipolytic activity (0.88 U.mL-1) and the fungus 4A- 1C615III (Pseudogymnoascus sp.) the best proteolytic activity (6.21 U.mL-1). Both isolates were submitted to the evaluation of different factors in the enzyme production process aiming the enzymatic production maximization. After the conduction of Plackett-Bruman (PB) experimental designs, the lipase production by M. australis 6A- 1C2II increased 1.36 times and the protease production by Pseudogymnoascus sp. 4A- 1C615III increased 4.72 times. In the optimized conditions validation experiments, results from the triplicates averages were lower than that one reached during the experimental designs. This work allowed the improvement in the knowledge of fungal diversity in the Antarctic marine sediments ecosystem. In addition, resulted in the obtaining of fungi and yeasts from extreme environment, which are being maintained in the research culture collection associated to the Central of Microbial Resources (CRMUNESP) and can be used in future studies related to prospection and biotechnology application. / FAPESP: 2013/19486-0

La légitimation scientifique et institutionnelle des bénéfices de l’activité physique (AP) régulière sur la prévention du surpoids et de l’obésité a rendu possible le développement de nouvelles dynamiques professionnelles autour de l’AP dans les Réseaux de prévention et de prise en charge de l’obésité en pédiatrie (Réppop). La création d’une nouvelle offre de service en AP destinée à soutenir un engagement des jeunes patients dans une pratique physique régulière, mobilise la profession médicale (médecins généralistes, pédiatres, médecins du sport), les professions paramédicales (diététiciens, kinésithérapeutes) et les professionnels du sport et de l’activité physique (professeurs d’Activité Physique Adaptée et Santé (APAS), éducateurs sportifs). A l’interface de la sociologie des groupes professionnels et de la sociologie du sport, la thèse a pour objectif d’étudier la construction d’un territoire Activité Physique Adaptée et Santé (APAS) dans les Répop. Ces dispositifs présentent la particularité d’être en cours de construction et de mobiliser des groupes professionnels dans un projet global à partir de leurs compétences spécifiques et de compétences transversales. A côté des groupes établis dans le champ médical, le groupe émergent de l’APAS s’appuie sur cet espace transversal pour construire son territoire spécifique, dans une situation de collaboration qui suscite paradoxalement des concurrences directes avec les autres groupes en présence. La dynamique est étudiée au carrefour des perspectives des professions, de celles des jeunes patients et de leur famille ainsi que de celles de l’Etat, en cohérence avec l’approche théorique d’Andrew Abbott (2003). / Scientific and academic recognition of the benefits of regular physical activity (PA) in the prevention of overweight and obesity has made possible the development of new professional dynamics around PA in childhood obesity prevention and management networks—known as REPOPs—in France. The creation of a new offer of PA services intended to encourage young patients in their commitment to regularly engage in physical activity rallies together the medical profession (general practitioners, paediatricians, sports medicine physicians), other healthcare professions (dieticians, physiotherapists), and sports and physical activity professionals (Adapted Physical Activity and Health (APAH) teachers, sport teachers). Lying at the interface between the sociology of professional groups and the sociology of sport, this paper aims to study the creation of a jurisdiction of Adapted Physical Activity and Health (APAH) in REPOPs. These systems have the distinctive feature of being under construction and bringing together the specific and interdisciplinary competencies of professional groups around a common project. Alongside the groups already established in the medical field, the emerging APAH group is using this multidisciplinary arena to build its own jurisdiction in a collaborative manner that, paradoxically, is giving rise to direct competition with the other groups. Using Andrew Abbott’s theoretical approach (2003), this dynamic is explored at the point where the perspectives of the professions, those of young patients and their families, and those of the government, converge.

The following study looks to examine the effect of an iPad application on the English Language Arts (ELA) skills of listening comprehension for students with significant disabilities. The procedure was evaluated using a multiple probe across participants single case design. Outcomes were measured for improved ELA skills after intervention and were also measured for student engagement. Building upon the research of recent studies that have sought to develop and adapt grade-level literature for students with moderate and severe disabilities, this study seeks to find the effectiveness of an adapted text version of To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee for high school students diagnosed with intellectual disability and/or autism. The implementation of this adapted text included evidenced-based supports such as time delay, the system of least prompts and picture supports taught in conjunction with the use of the iPad application. The need for future research and implications for practice will be discussed.

Unmanned aerial systems (UASs) often require multiple human operators fulfilling diverse roles for safe and correct operation. Reliably designing the human interaction, autonomy, and decision making aspects of these systems requires the use of modeling. We propose a conceptual model that models human machine interaction systems as a group of actors connected by a network of communication channels. We present a simulation framework implemented in Java, with an optional XML model parser that can be analyzed using the Java Pathfinder (JPF) model checker. We propose two human workload metrics based on a taxonomy extracted from the relevant literature. Using the simulator to produce a workload profile over time for each human actor, we conducted a case study by modeling a UAS integrated into the National Airspace System. Additionally we adapted an existing cognitive workload metric to act as a baseline. The results of this case study were consistent with known workload events and the results of our baseline metric.

School-age children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are rarely asked to describe their experiences within the programs that they receive and are largely missing from the narrative of their own lives. Adapted physical education (APE), a subdiscipline of physical education, is one of the services frequently accessed by this population. Current literature on the experiences of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has focused on special education classrooms, sensory perceptions, and general physical education classes. However, no prior studies had addressed how school-age children with ASD perceive their APE experience. Therefore, the purpose of this qualitative study was to use interpretive phenomenology to explore how middle school children (Grades 6 to 8) ages 10 to 14 with ASD perceive their APE experience. Data were collected from 10 middle school children through observations in their APE setting, drawings, and interviews. Exploratory, linguistic, and conceptual comments were used to deconstruct the data, develop themes in individual cases, and then identify connections across cases. Themes that emerged from the participants were their positive experiences in APE, understanding of the importance of being physically active, sedentary behavior in their spare time, and desire for time in APE. This study has positive social change implications such that it includes individuals with ASD into the commentary regarding their experiences and may help APE teachers by providing insight into the experience of children with ASD in APE, which may in turn help develop improved services for this population.

Supply and demand in the World oil market are balanced through responses to price movement with considerable complexity in the evolution of underlying supply-demand expectation process. In order to be able to understand the price balancing process, it is important to know the economic forces and the behavior of energy commodity spot price processes. The relationship between the different energy sources and its utility together with uncertainty also play a role in many important energy issues. The qualitative and quantitative behavior of energy commodities in which the trend in price of one commodity coincides with the trend in price of other commodities, have always raised the questions regarding their interactions. Moreover, if there is any interaction, then one would like to know the extent of influence on each other. In this work, we undertake the study to shed a light on the above highlighted processes and issues. The presented study systematically deals with the development of stochastic dynamic models and mathematical, statistical and computational analysis of energy commodity spot price and interaction processes. Below we list the main components of the research carried out in this dissertation. (1) Employing basic economic principles, interconnected deterministic and stochastic models of linear log-spot and expected log-spot price processes coupled with non-linear volatility process are initiated. (2) Closed form solutions of the models are analyzed. (3) Introducing a change of probability measure, a risk-neutral interconnected stochastic model is derived. (4) Furthermore, under the risk-neutral measure, expectation of the square of volatility is reduced to a continuous-time deterministic delay differential equation. (5) The by-product of this exhibits the hereditary effects on the mean-square volatility process. (6) Using a numerical scheme, a time-series model is developed and utilized to estimate the state and parameters of the dynamic model. In fact, the developed time-series model includes the extended GARCH model as special case. (7) Using the Henry Hub natural gas data set, the usefulness of the linear interconnected stochastic models is outlined. (8) Using natural and basic economic ideas, interconnected deterministic and stochastic models in (1) are extended to non-linear log-spot price, expected log-spot price and volatility processes. (9) The presented extended models are validated. (10) Closed form solution and risk-neutral models of (8) are outlined. (11) To exhibit the usefulness of the non-linear interconnected stochastic model, to increase the efficiency and to reduce the magnitude of error, it was essential to develop a modified version of extended Kalman filtering approach. The modified approach exhibits the reduction of magnitude of error. Furthermore, Henry Hub natural gas data set is used to show the advantages of the non-linear interconnected stochastic model. (12) Parameter and state estimation problems of continuous time non-linear stochastic dynamic process is motivated to initiate an alternative innovative approach. This led to introduce the concept of statistic processes, namely, local sample mean and sample variance. (13) Then it led to the development of an interconnected discrete-time dynamic system of local statistic processes and (14) its mathematical model. (15) This paved the way for developing an innovative approach referred as Local Lagged adapted Generalized Method of Moments (LLGMM). This approach exhibits the balance between model specification and model prescription of continuous time dynamic processes. (16) In addition, it motivated to initiate conceptual computational state and parameter estimation and simulation schemes that generates a mean square sub-optimal procedure. (17) The usefulness of this approach is illustrated by applying this technique to four energy commodity data sets, the U. S. Treasury Bill Yield Interest Rate and the U.S. Eurocurrency Exchange Rate data sets for state and parameter estimation problems. (18) Moreover, the forecasting and confidence-interval problems are also investigated. (19) The non-linear interconnected stochastic model (8) was further extended to multivariate interconnected energy commodities and sources with and without external random intervention processes. (20) Moreover, it was essential to extend the interconnected discrete-time dynamic system of local sample mean and variance processes to multivariate discrete-time dynamic system. (21) Extending the LLGMM approach in (15) to a multivariate interconnected stochastic dynamic model under intervention process, the parameters in the multivariate interconnected stochastic model are estimated. These estimated parameters help in analyzing the short term and long term relationship between the energy commodities. These developed results are applied to the Henry Hub natural gas, crude oil and coal data sets.

<p>The objective with this study is to investigate the school introduction of newly arrived students, by focusing on the latter years of high school, by comparing two schools method of working.</p><p>This was done by a qualitative survey based on half structured interviews and existing school documentation.</p><p>The questions of the study targeted the schools method of working, how well the education was adapted to the students and if it was appropriate to them. We also asked about the school resources to meet the need of the newly arrived students. </p><p>Our theoretical assumptions were based on Haugs’ terms “including integration” and “excluding integration”, Lahdenperäs’ theory about intercultural education, Vygotskijs thoughts about adapted education and finally Blossings’ description of different cooperative cultures. Our results showed that school introduction for newly arrived students were formed from the schools’ view on learning development and adapted education. The schools knowledge about and approach to intercultural education, the competence and engagement of the leaders had all a great importance to how the school formed its education. The school with the most intercultural elements also had a more cooperative culture, efficient way of working and more resources to adapt the education to the students’ backgrounds, preconditions and needs. </p>

<p>Abstract</p><p>School is taking on a great responsibility in mediating knowledge of mathematics as technology is assuming greater importance in our everyday life. The aim of this study is to examine how the teachers in year F and 1 view their teaching of mathematics from an individually adapted perspective. I have based my research on different factual study books within the education for younger children’s learning of mathematics, and have from an individually adapted perspective made a comparison between theory and practice. The empirical data has been obtained through interviews with six teachers, three pre-school teachers and three teachers, working with pupils in year F and 1. The result of the study confirms that all teachers have very good knowledge of individually adapted education and its purpose. Different working methods are being used and the individually adapted teaching is being conducted according to the conditions at each school as well as the knowledge and experience of each teacher.</p> / <p>Sammanfattning</p><p>Skolan har ett stort ansvar vad gäller att förmedla matematisk kunskap då teknologins framfart fått en allt större betydelse i vardagen. Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka hur lärarna i år F och 1 ser på sin matematikundervisning ur ett individanpassat perspektiv. Jag har utgått från olika faktaböcker inom undervisningen för yngre barns matematikinlärning och gjort en jämförelse mellan teori och praktik med utgångspunkt från ett individuellt arbetssätt. Empirin har hämtats från intervjuer med sex lärare, tre förskollärare och tre lärare, vilka arbetar med elever i år F och 1. Resultatet bekräftar att alla lärare har en mycket god kännedom om individanpassningens betydelse och målsättningen med ett individuellt arbetssätt. Olika arbetsmetoder används och den individanpassade undervisningen sker efter de förutsättningar som finns på varje skola och efter respektive pedagogs kunskap och erfarenhet.</p>

The objective with this study is to investigate the school introduction of newly arrived students, by focusing on the latter years of high school, by comparing two schools method of working. This was done by a qualitative survey based on half structured interviews and existing school documentation. The questions of the study targeted the schools method of working, how well the education was adapted to the students and if it was appropriate to them. We also asked about the school resources to meet the need of the newly arrived students. Our theoretical assumptions were based on Haugs’ terms “including integration” and “excluding integration”, Lahdenperäs’ theory about intercultural education, Vygotskijs thoughts about adapted education and finally Blossings’ description of different cooperative cultures. Our results showed that school introduction for newly arrived students were formed from the schools’ view on learning development and adapted education. The schools knowledge about and approach to intercultural education, the competence and engagement of the leaders had all a great importance to how the school formed its education. The school with the most intercultural elements also had a more cooperative culture, efficient way of working and more resources to adapt the education to the students’ backgrounds, preconditions and needs.

Sammanfattning Funktionshinder och arbete bildar tillsammans ett aktuellt ämne som ses behöva ökade kunskaper för att nå Sveriges målsättning om ”Ett arbetsliv för alla”. Inom området diskuteras hur och vad som kan genomföras i syfte att minska det utanförskap och fördomar som kan finnas. Idag finns möjligheten för individer med funktionshinder att arbeta i en anpassad arbetssituation. För att uppmärksamma individens egen upplevelse av ovanstående valde författarna att genomföra en kvalitativ studie med syfte att beskriva individens upplevelse av att arbeta i en anpassad arbetssituation. Författarna använde målinriktat urval och genomförde därefter ostrukturerade intervjuer med tio informanter som arbetar i en anpassad arbetssituation, vilka berättade och delgav sina upplevelser. Studien resulterade i tre övergripande teman, Bemötande, Delaktighet och Förändrad arbetssituation. Inom dessa teman presenteras informanternas upplevelser av att vara utsatt till följd av att arbeta i en anpassad arbetssituation. Upplevelsen beskrivs både som positivt och negativt. Den anpassade arbetssituationen upplever informanterna vara en förutsättning för att kunna arbeta. Anpassningen förändrar arbetsrollen och upplevs ge en känsla av begränsning på arbetsmarknaden. Bemötandet på den anpassade arbetsplatsen beskriver informanterna kan vara både som stöd eller hinder. / Summary To work in an adapted work situation -ten individuals tell their stories. Disability and work, put together, becomes a burning question that requires further knowledge for to reach the goal in Sweden; “A working life for everyone”. In this subject it is discussed how and what there needs to be done to reduce the gap, the prejudice and the feeling of alienation which there may occur. In today people with a disability are given an opportunity to work in an adapted work situation. To observe the individuals own experience of the question mentioned before the authors chose to do a qualitative study with the aim to describe the individual’s experience of working in an adapted work situation. The authors used a purposeful sampling and made unstructured interviews with ten individuals who expressed their experiences. The result is presented within three themes, Treatment, Participation and Changed work situation which present the individuals experience of being exposed because of the adapted work situation. The experience is described as both positive and negative. The individuals experience the adapted work situation as a necessary condition to be able to work. The adaption changes the worker roll and is experienced as a feeling of being limited on the labour market. The treatment at the working site is described as being either supportive or non-supportive.