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31	Sjuksköterskans sömnstöd till patienter med långvariga sömnproblem : En litteraturöversikt / The nurse sleepsupport to patients with long-term sleeping disorders : A literature overview Knoop, Johanna, Kovacs, Veronica January 2010 (has links) BAKGRUND: Sömn är ett regelbundet återkommande tillstånd som är livsnödvändigt för att kroppen skall återhämta sig på ett korrekt vis. Personer med insomni och sömnapné är två patientgrupper som lider utav långvariga sömnproblem. Orsakerna till den dåliga sömnen kan vara många, och därför är det viktigt för sjuksköterskan att vara lyhörd och kunna stötta patienterna med hjälp av sina kunskaper gällande de åtgärder och behandlingar som finns att använda sig av. SYFTE: Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att belysa vilka åtgärder sjuksköterskan kan tillämpa för att stödja patienter med långvariga sömnproblem. METOD: En litteraturöversikt där 13 vetenskapliga artiklar granskades och analyserades. Fribergs (2006) modell för litteraturöversikter användes vid datainsamling och analysförfarande. RESULTAT: Fyra kategorier framkom ur analysen av de vetenskapliga artiklarna: egenvård, akupunktur, kognitiv beteendeterapi, och stödprogram. Dessa kategorier gör det möjligt för sjuksköterskan att tillämpa stöd till patienterna. Hos patienter med långvariga sömnproblem har de stödjande åtgärderna visat sig ge ökad sömn- och livskvalitet. SLUTSATS: Forskningen kring de långvariga sömnproblemen har ökat under de senaste åren men trots det finns det bristande kunskap om hur sjuksköterskan kan ge de behandlingar och det stödet som patienterna med insomni och sömnapné behöver. / BACKGROUND: Sleep is a periodic state which is essential for the body to recover in a proper manner. Insomnia and people with sleep apnea are two groups of patients out of long-term sleep problems. There are many causes of poor sleep, and that’s why there are so important for the nurse to be sensitive and support patients through their knowledge concerning the actions and processes that exist to use. AIM: The purpose of this literature review was to illustrate which measures nurse can apply to support patients with long-term sleep problems. METHOD: A literature overview, including 13 reviewed and analyzed articles. Fribergs (2006) model for literature overview were used in data collection and analysis procedure. RESULT: Four categories emerged from the analysis of the articles: self-care, acupuncture, cognitive behavioral therapy, and support program. These categories make it enable for the nurse to apply support to patients who suffer out of prolonged sleeping problem. Patients perceive that both their sleep and quality of life improves with the help of different treatments. CONCLUSION: Research into long-term sleep problems has increased in recent years. Despite this, there is a lack of knowledge about how nurse can provide treatment and support for patients with insomnia and sleep apnea. Sleep apnea Insomnia Nurse Support Sömnapné Insomni Sjuksköterska Stöd General Practice Allmänmedicin
32	Organisation of Asthma in Primary Care, Quality of Life and Sex-related Aspects in Asthma Outcomes Lisspers, Karin January 2008 (has links) Objectives: To investigate the organisation of asthma care in primary care and evaluate outcomes for patients attending primary care centres with and without asthma clinics. Other objectives were to study the association between quality of life and asthma control in patients in primary care and to analyse sex differences regarding asthma outcomes related to menopausal status. Material and methods: Cross-sectional surveys and a patient record study. Results: Of all the primary health care centres, 77% had a spirometer and 53% an asthma clinic. At centres with asthma clinics 77% of the patients reported sufficient knowledge of asthma as compared with 65% at centres without asthma clinics (p<0.001). With more time allocated for the nurse, 44% of patients achieved asthma control as compared with 27% at asthma clinics with less time (p<0.003). Patients using short-acting beta-2 agonists more than twice in the last week had clinically significant lower MiniAQLQ scores (5.17 versus 5.91). This finding also held for night awakenings during the previous week (4.42 versus 5.86), courses of oral corticosteroids (5.26 versus 5.64) and reported emergency consultations during the last six months (4.85 versus 5.71). Premenopausal women had significantly lower total MiniAQLQ scores than men in the same age group (5.44 versus 5.89, p<0.001), while no difference was found between postmenopausal women and men of similar ages. The adjusted odds for premenopausal women for asthma exacerbations was 2.0 (95%CI 1.22-3.43) as compared with men in the same age group. No differences were found when comparing postmenopausal women with men of similar ages. Conclusions: Half the primary health care centres had an asthma clinic and the majority had access to a spirometer. Patients at primary health care centres with asthma clinics reported better knowledge of their disease, and asthma control is more often achieved if the nurse is allocated more time. Achieving asthma control is associated with better quality of life in patients in primary care. Premenopausal women had lower quality of life and less often asthma control then men of the same ages, while no corresponding difference was found between postmenopausal women and men of similar ages. Asthma Primary Health Care Cross-Sectional Studies Quality of Health Care Asthma clinic Spirometer Asthma management Knowledge Outcome Assessment Control Symptoms Quality of Life Sex Menopause Sex Hormones Family medicine Allmänmedicin
33	Artificiell intelligens eller intelligent läkekonst? : Om kropp, hälsa och ovisshet i digitaliseringens tidevarv / Artificial intelligence or intelligent art of medicine? : On body, health and uncertainty in the era of digitalization Tamaddon, Leila January 2019 (has links) Denna essä syftar till att ur filosofiska och idéhistoriska perspektiv belysa utmaningar och möjligheter med artificiell intelligens (AI) och digitalisering inom hälso- och sjukvården, med fokus på läkekonst, kropp, hälsa och ovisshet. Essän undersöker hur automatisering och digitala vårdformer omformar läkekonstens grund, nämligen mötet mellan patienten och läkaren. Genom en fenomenologisk kritik av AI och teknikens väsen, belyses skillnaden mellan människan och maskinen och hur den levda erfarenheten är situerad, förkroppsligad, fylld av mening och delad med andra. Essän utforskar hur situationsunik kunskap som praktisk klokhet, fronesis, samt ett reflekterande förnuft, intellectus,kan hantera den ovisshet som är inbäddad i det allmänmedicinska mötet. Essän belyser även hur digitalisering och AI passar väl med pågående marknadsanpassning av sjukvården, där homo economicus och homo digitalis båda omformar kropp och hälsa till mätbara resurser och data. Avslutningsvis lyfts etiska dilemman kring AI och digitalisering, samt vikten av praktisk och existentiell kunskap som förutsättningar för utvecklandet och designen av en teknik som syftar främja det mänskligt goda. / This essay aims to illuminate challenges and opportunities with artificial intelligence (AI) and digitalization in health care, focusing on the art of medicine, body, health and uncertainty. The theoretical framework is mainly within the fields of phenomenology and philosophical hermeneutics. The essay explores how automatization and digital health care are transforming the essence of medicine: the patient – physician encounter. By a phenomenological critique of AI and the essence of technology, the essay highlights the difference between machines and humans and how lived experience is situated, embodied, filled with meaning and shared with others. The essay explores how situational knowledge such as practical wisdom, phronesis, and reflective understanding, intellectus, can deal with the uncertainty that is embedded in the medical encounter in primary health care. The essay also highlights how digitalization and AI fit well with current market adaptation of health care, where homo economicus and homo digitalis both transform body and health into measurable resources and data. Finally, ethical dilemmas of AI and digitalization are highlighted, as well as the importance of practical and existential knowledge as preconditions for the development and design of a technology that aims to promote the human good. practical knowledge art of medicine health primary health care physician-patient relationship uncertainty phronesis phenomenology embodiment intellectus ratio artificial intelligence robot digitalization eHealth philosophy of technology praktisk kunskap läkekonst hälsa allmänmedicin läkare-patientrelationer ovisshet fronesis fenomenologi förkroppsligande intellectus ratio artificiell intelligens robot digitalisering e-hälsa teknikfilosofi Philosophy Filosofi Medical Engineering Medicinteknik Medical and Health Sciences Medicin och hälsovetenskap History of Ideas Idé- och lärdomshistoria
34	ATT VARA EN DEL I DEN VÅRDANDE REHABILITERINGEN EFTER STROKE : En systematisk litteraturstudie om sjuksköterskors upplevelser Juhlin, Linnea, Svanström, Emma January 2021 (has links) Background: Stroke is a collective name for a disease caused by circulatory disorders in the brain. The patients who are affected often have complications that are experienced as a major life change. The complications mean that rehabilitative care is necessary, which is based on a good caring relationship. Aim: To describe nurses' experiences of caring for patients in rehabilitation after a stroke. Method: Systematic literature study for analysis of ten qualitative studies. Results: Nurses experienced that the rehabilitative care in the stroke wards meant helping the patients find their ‘self’, by seeing the importance of the caring relationship, relatives and the patients' participation. The nurses also experienced that the rehabilitative care involved working in a team, where the nurses experienced the importance of their extensive role and the teamwork. Conclusion: The rehabilitative care after a stroke meant that the nurses help patients find their 'self'. They perceived it as important for patients to be able to achieve good health after their illness. The nurses also felt that their professional role in the team was extensive because they had a rehabilitative responsibility in addition to the general nurse duties. It was something that the nurses felt required a teamwork in the rehabilitation team. Keyword: Caring, nurse-perspective, rehabilitative care, stroke-care, systematic literature review. Nursing Omvårdnad Medical and Health Sciences Medicin och hälsovetenskap Health Sciences Hälsovetenskaper Other Medical Sciences Annan medicin och hälsovetenskap Other Social Sciences Annan samhällsvetenskap Nursing Omvårdnad Physiotherapy Sjukgymnastik Sport and Fitness Sciences Idrottsvetenskap Neurology Neurologi Rheumatology and Autoimmunity Reumatologi och inflammation General Practice Allmänmedicin Basic Medicine

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