Architecture Jail Escape It is a specific device for futuroptimist people based on the philosophy of posthumanism and transhumanism, a version of their own faith in endless life on the net. It is a belief in the possibility of technological transformation of humanity that will allow us to overcome our physical and biological limits. Clause 2.0 is architecture for pioneers - the protagonist of this transformation - enabling the longest and most complete stay in virtual reality. This avant-garde is anxious 2.0. Escapist personalities of digital age soldiers are looking for a haven and their own version of the world in the cyberspace. They create a vision of paradise and colonize (cyber) space without the political consequences of the finiteness of the physical world and the exhaustion of natural resources. They live on the frontier of the being, and they want to unburden themselves and merge with the world they understand more. They fight with their own brain and body that cannot break away from the world. The endlessness of the virtual space has the limits of body and senses. Long-term stay in a cyberspace is a loss of sense of time and space. This monastic life in clause 2.0 is able to keep them in shape, by observing the ritual, the physical performance of walking that they must undergo so that they can exist every day in their version of the digital monastery. These versions are infinite, and they can be ritually traced among them. Clause geometry isolates them from one another. The clause is a monastic concept that allows the people to live hermetically, as well as the physical world. The gateway to the virtual space is a "zero architecture" - a room, a cell, a cube on a 4x4 meter plan, rid of any visual architectural site. It provides only a flat floor as the reflection point for an endless virtual world and four walls and a ceiling with a corresponding thickness for a sufficient separation from the outside world. The world of infinite freedom opens behind this "zero architecture". It seems that not through "architectural innovation and political subversion" a modern architect's dream of architecture will be realized as machines for the liberation of man but through the abandonment of physical architecture as such. The prospect of "zero architecture" opens up a space where the new architecture will no longer be "luxuries and good homes, not the architecture of separation and imprisonment, but it will ultimately be the architecture of freedom.

The original intention was a development on the edge in the peripheral agricultural area of the Kociánka Center complex and at the city’s inappropriate car park near to the industrial complex of the former Královopolská engineering company. By developing and adding new functions, this periphery and the border of the complex Kociánka Center can be transformed into a new space communicating with the outside world. The proposal focuses on creating homes for shared living for adult people with various types of disabilities and creating new job opportunities on the southern peripheral edge of the Kociánka Center complex. Transformation of periphery can be reached by modifying the southern edge, revitalizing the existing car park with a hydroponic greenhouse system, pavilion, and a photovoltaic rooftop power plant. Behind this barrier building there is a calm place for sheltered housing.

[pt] A periferia urbana sul da Cidade do México apresenta atualmente um padrão de crescimento conhecido como cidade difusa, em que a dispersão urbana e mistura de atividades urbanas e rurais põem em interdito a dualidade campo-cidade com a que havia sido tratado tradicionalmente o limite no marco de planejamento territorial; e merece o reconhecimento de seu possível rol na promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável deste centro povoado, à luz de uma consolidação urbana futura e de sua vizinhança com sistemas naturais frágeis. Trata-se, pois, de um espaço que deveria ser planejado partindo do reconhecimento destas novas dinâmicas e em que a metodologia de desenvolvimento e design regenerativos, criada à luz do paradigma da sustentabilidade ecológica, poderia ser útil para definir delineamentos que orientassem o ordenamento sustentável deste território. Esta metodologia reconhece o lugar de intervenção e seu caráter único (essência), como as bases fundamentais do processo de definição de estratégias que permitiriam fomentar seu desenvolvimento regenerativo a partir de projetos arquitetônicos ou urbanos. Não obstante, apesar da metodologia propor um marco de trabalho que compreenda o lugar a partir do reconhecimento dos padrões presentes, não fica claro como, em função dos mesmos, se pode determinar os que são centrais e definem, por sua vez, seu caráter único. Ante este vazio metodológico para definir a essência de um lugar a partir do entendimento de seus padrões, e considerando-se que, de acordo com a teoria de sistemas complexos, a compreensão das relações entre os elementos de um sistema permite entender sua estrutura e determinar por sua vez, aqueles que seriam centrais para a organização das dinâmicas presentes, se identificou a metodologia Matriz de Influência como uma possível ferramenta para compreender as relações dos elementos de um sistema a partir da detecção dos níveis de influência dos mesmos. Em função do anterior, se colocou como objetivo desenhar uma ferramenta metodológica que permita detectar os padrões da periferia urbana da Cidade do México que poderiam definir a essência do lugar situado em este território e promover seu desenvolvimento regenerativo; para o qual foi criada uma versão da Matriz de Influência adaptada ao estudo dos padrões e foi expandida a análise objetiva e subjetiva da metodologia de Desenvolvimento e Design Regenerativos. Finalmente, a ferramenta proposta foi testada no Santa María Tepepan, Xochimilco, com o objetivo de determinar sua essência. / [en] Mexico City s south urban periphery is now characterized by a growth pattern known as dispersed city, where urban dispersion and mixing of urban and rural activities, calls into question the rural-urban duality with which the territorial planning had traditionally treated this fringe. It also merits recognition for its possible role in promoting the sustainable development of this city, especially considering its future urban consolidation and its proximity to fragile natural systems. Thus, it is a space that should be planned keeping these new dynamics in mind, and where the regenerative development and design methodology, created under the paradigm of ecological sustainability, could be useful to define guidelines that orient the sustainable development of this area. This methodology recognizes the place itself and its unique character (essence), as the fundamental bases of the project, hence useful in defining the strategies for its regenerative development through architectural or urban projects. Even though the methodology proposes a framework for understanding the place of implementation recognizing its present patterns, it is not clear how to determine the core patterns that define the place’s unique character. To address this methodological void and define the essence of a place on the bases of an understanding of its patterns, and considering that, according to the theory of complex systems, the compression of relations amongst the elements of a system permits us to understand and determine those which are central to the present organizational dynamics; it has been identified the methodology called Influence Matrix which permits leads to the understanding of the relationallity of the elements of a system by detecting their own level of influence. Hence, the proposed objective was to design a methodological tool to detect the patterns of the southern urban periphery of Mexico City that could define the essence of a place located within this territory, and therefore promote its regenerative development. This methodological tool was based on a version of the Matrix of Influence, adapted to the analysis of patterns and on an expanded objective and subjective analysis from the Regenerative Development and Design methodology. Finally, the proposed tool was tested in the town of Santa María Tepepan, Xochimilco, to determine its essence. / [es] La periferia urbana Sur de la Ciudad de México presenta actualmente un patrón de crecimiento conocido como ciudad difusa, en donde la dispersión urbana y mezcla de actividades urbanas y rurales, pone en entredicho la dualidad campo-ciudad con la que había sido tratado tradicionalmente este borde en el marco de la planeación territorial; y amerita el reconocimiento de su posible rol en la promoción del desarrollo sustentable de este centro poblado, a la luz de una consolidación urbana futura y de su cercanía con sistemas naturales frágiles. Se trata pues de un espacio que debería planearse partiendo del reconocimiento de estas nuevas dinámicas y en donde la metodología de Desarrollo y Diseño Regenerativos, creada a la luz del paradigma de la sustentabilidad ecológica, podría ser útil para definir lineamientos que orienten el ordenamiento sustentable de este territorio. Esta metodología reconoce el lugar de intervención y su carácter único (esencia), como las bases fundamentales del proceso de definición de estrategias que permitirían fomentar su desarrollo regenerativo a partir de proyectos arquitectónicos o urbanos. No obstante, si bien es cierto que la metodología propone un marco de trabajo para comprender el lugar a partir del reconocimiento de los patrones presentes, no queda claro cómo en función de los mismos se pueden determinar los que son centrales y definen a su vez su carácter único. Ante este vacío metodológico para definir la esencia de un lugar a partir del entendimiento de sus patrones, y considerando que de acuerdo a la teoría de los sistemas complejos, la comprensión de las relaciones entre los elementos de un sistema permite entender su estructura y determinar a su vez los que son centrales para la organización de las dinámicas presentes; se identificó la metodología Matriz de Influencia, como una posible herramienta que permitiría justamente comprender las relaciones de los elementos de un sistema a partir de la detección de los niveles de influencia de los mismos. En función de lo anterior, se planteó como objetivo diseñar una herramienta metodológica que permita detectar los patrones de la periferia urbana Sur de la Ciudad de México que podrían definir la esencia de un lugar emplazado en este territorio y promover su desarrollo regenerativo; para lo cual se hizo una versión de la Matriz de Influencia adaptada al estudio de patrones y se amplió el análisis objetivo y subjetivo manejado en el marco de la metodología de Desarrollo y Diseño Regenerativos. Finalmente, la herramienta propuesta fue probada en el pueblo de Santa María Tepepan, Xochimilco, con miras a determinar su esencia.

Sur la base d’une étude historique des rapports entre les cycles techno-économiques du système mondial et le processus de transformation économique, politique et idéologique d’un pays périphérique comme l’Équateur, cette recherche présente une analyse critique sur le processus de développement du champ technoscientifique de ce pays et le projet de modernisation postnéolibéral mis en place par son gouvernement entre 2007-2017. L’exposition est organisée en deux parties. La première analyse les rapports entre les transformations techno-économiques mondiales et les cycles économiques et politiques locaux ; les rapports entre ces cycles, les vagues de modernisation du système d’éducation supérieure équatorien et la reproduction des élites locales ; et enfin, les rapports entre ces deux derniers et le processus de développement scientifique, technologique et industriel du pays. La deuxième partie est consacrée à l'étude en détail du dernier de ces cycles, caractérisé par la mise en place du projet postnéolibéral de modernisation technoscientifique. Cette étude se focalise particulièrement sur trois projets : la réforme de l’éducation supérieure, le programme de bourses d’étude à l’étranger et le projet de construction de Yachay, une ville dédiée à la science, à la technologie et à l’innovation. Les résultats de ces analyses dévoilent le caractère idéologique de ces projets, conçus et dirigés par un même réseau d’intellectuels et financés par l’essor des exportations de matières premières qui a accompagné cette phase ascendante du cycle périphérique. Enfermés dans leur quête idéologique d’un modèle de développement alternatif et les contraintes imposées par les processus de transformation du système mondial, ces acteurs ont fini par produire un projet de modernisation contradictoire basé sur une abstraction empirique adaptée à leurs besoins de légitimation politique. La fin de l’essor économique a dévoilé les limites de ce projet idéologique dont les résultats concrets sont une plus lourde bureaucratie, le gaspillage des ressources publiques et l’accumulation de pouvoir. Nous suggérons que ce résultat est un effet du décalage entre les cycles de transformation à la périphérie et au centre du système mondial et du processus de reconfiguration global liée à la montée de l’influence chinoise et au déploiement de la dernière vague de transformations techno-économiques. Cette recherchée s’inscrit ainsi dans la lignée de réflexion sur les transformations du système mondial. / Based on a historical study of the relationship between the techno-economic cycles of the global system and the economic, political and ideological transformations in Ecuador, this research presents a critical analysis of the development process of the technoscientific field in this country and the post-neoliberal modernization project implemented by its government between 2007-2017. The thesis has two parts. The first one develops an analysis on three levels: the relationships between the global techno-economic cycles and the political and economic transformations in Ecuador; the relationships between these transformations, the waves of modernization of the Ecuadorian higher education system and the reproduction of local elites; and the relationship between the latter and the scientific, technological and industrial development of the country. The second part presents a detailed study of the last cycle, characterized by the implementation of the post-neoliberal project of technoscientific modernization. This study focuses, particularly, on three projects: the higher education reform, the scholarship program for studies abroad and the Yachay technopole project. These analysis results reveal the ideological character of these projects, designed and directed by the same network of intellectuals and financed by the rise of commodity exports which accompanied this upward phase of the peripheral cycle. Trapped in their ideological quest for an alternative development model and the constraints imposed by the transformation processes of the global system, these actors have finally produced a contradictory modernization project based on an empirical abstraction adapted to their needs for political legitimization. The end of the economic upswing has unveiled the limits of this ideological project whose concrete results are a heavier bureaucracy, waste of public resources and the accumulation of power. We suggest that this result is an effect of the three interrelated processes: the gap between the transformation cycles at the periphery and at the center of the global system, the global reconfiguration linked to the rise of Chinese influence and the deployment of the latest techno-economic wave of innovation. This research aims thus to contribute to the debate on the historical transformations of the global system.

Cette thèse est consacrée au phénomène du renouveau de la marche en milieu urbain. Depuis une dizaine d’années, un grand nombre de villes en Europe et ailleurs ont entamé une réflexion en profondeur sur la promotion de la marche sur leur territoire. Cette démarche est accompagnée d’opérations de valorisation urbanistique, à différentes échelles, dans une optique de développement intégré de la ville dite multimodale. La marche est ici considérée non pas uniquement pour elle-même, mais en tant que pivot de la multimodalité. Ce thème porteur de nouvelles dynamiques d’aménagement qui transforment le fait urbain est analysé à partir d’un cadre théorique transversal à la croisée de l’urbanisme, la géographie, la sociologie et l’anthropologie urbaines. La méthode employée est fondée sur l’observation participante multi-terrains, prenant comme cas d’étude principaux Lausanne, Genève et Bilbao. A partir des expériences menées par ces villes pour promouvoir la marche à différentes échelles, la thèse construit son plaidoyer autour de l’échelle de l’agglomération, envisagée comme la seule à même de pouvoir véritablement assurer le renouveau de la marche dans le contexte de la ville du XXIe siècle. Ce plaidoyer récapitule les raisons qui font de cette nouvelle échelle de réflexion, a priori inattendue, une étape nécessaire pour garantir l’intégration de la marche au sein de stratégies multimodales complexes au sein de bassins de vie toujours plus étendus. La thèse passe ainsi en revue diverses actions pour redonner à la marche ses lettres de noblesse et lui assurer la place qui lui revient au sein du système de mobilité complexe qui fonde aujourd’hui le monde urbain. / This thesis deals with the renewal of walking in the urban realm since the last decade. A great number of cities in Europe and abroad have been promoting walking since the year 2000 with renewed energy. This trend accompanies operations of urban renewal through different scales within the integrated framework of new urbanism, transit-oriented development, to match the desire of these urban authorities to make their territory a more walkable place in order to become sustainable and liveable cities. These changes are analysed through the intricated prisma of several urban disciplines, namely geography, sociology and anthropology. A multi-site participant observation methodology has been applied to the case studies of Lausanne, Geneva and Bilbao to extract from their experiences the utmost in walking promotion tools and positive visions for a walkable future. The hypothesis of this work is based on the bold assumption that the scale of the agglomeration is the best scale today to think and plan for walking in our urban scattered environments. Walking is therefore to be considered beyond proximity alone. It is better taken when synergies may evolve from intertwining its nearness dynamics with the potential offered by the scale and speed of other modes of transport, namely public transport and shared modes. Within this framework of thought, the thesis reviews facts and figures as well as best practices in order to give walking the place it deserves within our multimodal world.

The thesis describes the evolution and variances in the motive of crime and punishment throughout prosaic and dramatic works of František Langer. After an introductory reflection on crime and punishment the thesis deals with an analysis of Doskojevskij's novel "Crime and Punishment" which had a large impact on Langer's conception of these terms. It also outlines an image of crime and punishment in Czech literature at the turn of the 19th and 20th century, which might have influenced Langer. The first part also tries to clarify how these motives were evolved in author's incipient work. It follows up prose collections "Gold Venus" and "Dreamers and Murderers". The second part is focused on the refined and often very complicated form of crime and punishment in Langer's dramas "Saint Wenceslas", "Periphery", "Camel through Eye of a Needle", "Reversal of Ferdyš Pištora", "Angels among us" and "Seventy-two" and tries to grasp and characterize it.

In this case study four non-fiction books are being accompanied on their way from the Netherlands to the public in Sweden, that is from one peripheral language into another. Where did the initiative come from? Were there any subsidies and did that matter? What kind of publishers were involved and were there also other agents involved? Who were the most important cultural mediators? How were the books framed in order to be noticed in the new country? How does all this fit in with the sociological theory of transnational cultural transfer? It turned out that these books more or less followed the expected path with a few exceptions: Two of the books were published by large-scale publishers in Sweden although they had not proved to be successful in the Netherlands. And there were no signs of regular co-operation between the involved publishers. Obviously the translated Dutch books in Sweden are such a marginal business for these publishers that they do not influence their network of foreign publishers.  Even if all four books belong to the same genre, they are very differently framed to be noticed in their new country.

Diese Dissertation untersucht die Syntax nichtkanonischer Subjekte und Subjektpositionen - insbesondere zwei Phänomene: Lokativinversion (LI) in Englisch, Französisch, Italienisch und Hebräisch; und Verbdrittverletzungen der Verbzweitregel (V2) in Kiezdeutsch - eine urbane Kontaktvarietät des Deutschen. In LI besetzt eine Lokativ-XP die präverbale Stelle, aber das kanonische DP-Subjekt in Nominativ taucht postverbal auf. Sprachübergreifend vergleiche ich a) die Verteilung unterschiedlicher Null- und overten Argumente in LI und b) die Verfügbarkeit von LI in Matrix- und Nebensätzen. Die zweite Fallstudie befasst sich mit kiezdeutschen V2-Verletzungen, denn sie folgen einer regelmäßigen Reihenfolge: [Rahmensetzer > Subjekt > finites Verb]; dies ist bemerkenswert aufgrund der Verletzung der ansonsten strengen Verbzweitregel und auch, weil es auf die Innovation einer Art Subjektposition hindeutet, die im Standarddeutschen fehlt. Anhand einer Korpusstudie komme ich zu der Erkenntnis, dass die scheinbare Subjektvoraussetzung auch für resumptive V3-Dislozierungsphänomene gilt. Dennoch wird gezeigt, dass die Subjektvoraussetzung mit dem nominativischen DP-Subjekten verbundenen EPP nicht ganz übereinstimmt. Ich entwickele eine Theorie von Subjektvoraussetzungen, die sowohl die Breite der untersuchten Variation in LI als auch die An/Abwesenheit von Subjektvorausetzungen im Vorfeld bei V3-Sätzen im Standarddeutschen und Kiezdeutschen erklären kann. Schließlich lassen sich diese Phänomene durch unterschiedliche Verteilungen und Vererbungsoperationen von D-, ϕ- und informationsstrukturellen δ-Merkmalen (cf. Miyagawa 2017) zwischen dem Phasenkopf C und T erklären. Die Anwesenheit nichtkanonischer Subjekte in LI und kanonischer Subjekte in einer nichtkanonischen Subjektposition im Kiezdeutschen werden durch Variation in der Verteilung eines für das Prädikatssubjekt spezifizierten δ-Merkmal abgeleitet. Dieses Merkmal ist aber unabhänging von den üblichen EPP-Voraussetzungen. / This dissertation addresses syntactic structures involving non-canonical subjects and non-canonical subject positions, investigating two phenomena: Locative Inversion (LI) in English, French, Italian, and Hebrew; and verb-third violations of the verb-second (V2) rule in Kiezdeutsch, an urban contact variety of German. In LI a spatio-deictic XP appears in the preverbal canonical subject position, while the canonical nominative subject DP surfaces postverbally. I compare the distribution of different covert and overt arguments participating in LI and the availability of LI in embedded and matrix contexts crosslinguistically. The second case study concentrates on Kiezdeutsch V2 violations, as they follow a regular order of [frame-setting adverb > Subject > finite verb]; this is remarkable because it both violates an otherwise strict V2 requirement and also indicates the innovation of a subject position lacking in Standard German. I carry out a corpus study and find that an apparent subject requirement extends to other verb-third resumptive-dislocation phenomena, yet we cannot understand this requirement in the sense of an EPP position associated with nominative DP subjects. From a theoretical perspective, this dissertation develops a theory of subject requirements capable of accounting for the breadth of investigated crosslinguistic variation in LI and the presence or absence of a high clausal subject requirement in Kiezdeutsch V2-violations and more standard varieties of German. Ultimately, I make use of finite differences across C and T in the distribution of D, ϕ, and discourse-related δ-features (cf. Miyagawa 2017) via different inheritance options from the phase head. The presence of non-canonical subjects in LI and the presence of canonical subjects in a seemingly non-canonical subject position in Kiezdeutsch are both derivable via variation in the placement of a δ-feature with a specification for Subject of Predication orthogonal to typical EPP requirements.

Master´s thesis adresses the issue of public spaces of inner city of Brno. These spaces have good prerequisities to become attractive places for everyday use or for spending a good free time. These prerequsities include for example compact city structure, well defined public spaces, walking city distances, presence of public and commercial facilities and distinctive genius loci. But public spaces in these localities often do not fulfill their own potential and stay as average free space inbetween buildings. Thesis suggests a detailed system for categorisation of squares and streets in the inner city of Brno and examines the reasons for potential non-fulfillment on these typologies, it tries to find out the problems of public spaces and how they can be solved.

This thesis examines the missiological writings of Orlando E. Costas (1943-1987), particularly The Church and Its Mission: A Shattering Critique from the Third World (1974); Theology of the Crossroads in Contemporary Latin America (1976); Christ Outside the Gate (1982); and Liberating News: A Theology of Contextual Evangelization (1989). From the early 1970s until his death in 1987 he wrote over 130 articles and 12 books in both Spanish and English that addressed key missiological concerns. A careful reading of a selection of Costas's texts oriented around a hymn, a gospel song, a psalm, and a poem provides the shape of this thesis. This thesis argues that Costas formulated a Third World evangelical missiology. Chapter one investigates what Costas's autobiographical material expressed about his positions on conversion, Protestant evangelicalism, missiology, and those living on the ‘periphery' of life. Chapter two recognises his commitment to the peoples of Latin America and the Caribbean in particular and the Third World in general. Chapter three explores Costas's analysis of the Latin American Protestant Church in a revolutionary situation in the continent and chapter four examines his survey and critical appraisal of Latin American liberation theology. Chapter five recognizes the pastoral shape of Costas's missiology. Chapter six explores his critical interaction with two more conservative evangelical missiological positions, the Church Growth Movement and Peter Beyerhaus and the Frankfurt Declaration, and chapter seven surveys the discussion within the international evangelical community regarding the relationship between evangelism and social responsibility. Chapter eight examines Costas's Liberating News as an expression of Third World evangelical missiology. Chapter nine considers the theological issue of penal substitutionary atonement and his missiology. The thesis concludes with an appraisal of the issues and contributions of Costas's Third World evangelical missiology to current missiological discussion.