The present thesis examines two ceramic assemblages from the villa baths at Pollena Trocchia, Italy. The private bath complex was likely part of the Roman villa built at the beginning of the 2nd century AD and buried under the volcanoclastic debris of the AD 472 eruption which provided an important terminus ante quem. The previous studies demonstrated that in the 5th century AD the bath complex became a pottery dump and cemetery. Nevertheless, a different picture was drawn from the excavation of the underground cistern in the north-western part of the baths. In order to better understand the purpose of the cistern prior to the eruption, which sealed most of the site, the pottery assemblage from the cistern was compared to the assemblage from one of the bathrooms identified as the laconicum. In fact, the cistern uncovered rather low number of individuals compared to the rest of the baths and the ratio of attested pottery classes was limited. While the African imports were almost absent, there was a great number of local products. Most of the shapes consisted of locally produced jugs of big volume, which could be associated with the water-supply system. When possible, the individuals were dated to the second half of the 5th century. Therefore, it is likely that the cistern was still in use a long...

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo abordar a História Eclesiástica, obra pioneira de Eusébio de Cesareia, a partir do ponto de vista de sua monumentalidade. Isto é: contemplando a maneira com que os temas abordados, e sobretudo a maneira como esses temas foram expostos nas páginas da História Eclesiástica, contribuíram para a constituição de uma identidade cristã em um período em que se deu uma passagem geracional de um contexto em que os cristãos eram perseguidos pelas autoridades romanas para um período em que o cristianismo adquiriu um novo status dentro do Império Romano. Para que essa abordagem seja possível, para que seja possível tratar da História Eclesiástica como uma referência para o mundo cristão do século IV e para as futuras gerações cristãs, será considerado todo o entorno religioso e cultural que de alguma maneira influenciou o desenvolvimento e a difusão do cristianismo e esteve presente na obra monumental do bispo de Cesareia, assim como autores cristãos de diferentes períodos que encontraram na História Eclesiástica uma referência para compreender os conflitos religiosos de seu próprio tempo. / The present research aims to approach the Ecclesiastical History, a pioneer historical work written by Eusebius of Caesarea, from the point of view of its monumentality. In other words, comprising the way that the addressed subjects, especially the way those subjects were exposed on the pages of the Ecclesiastical History, contributed to the formation of a christian identity in a period in which there was a generational transition from a context when christians were pursued by the roman authorities to a period when the christian religion acquired a new status in the Roman Empire. In order to succeed in this approach, in order to make possible to consider the Ecclesiastical History a refference to the christian world from the 4th century and for future christian generations, it will be taken into account the whole religious environment that somehow influenced the growth and spread of christianity and was present in the monumental work of the bishop of Caesarea, as well as christian authors from different historical periods that found in the Ecclesiastical Historial a refference to understand the religious conflicts from their own time.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-05-08T11:35:20Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Marcelo Miguel de Souza - 2017.pdf: 5197802 bytes, checksum: af969c3bd5cfa596a8cb19786a22c290 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-05-08T11:35:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Marcelo Miguel de Souza - 2017.pdf: 5197802 bytes, checksum: af969c3bd5cfa596a8cb19786a22c290 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-08T11:35:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Marcelo Miguel de Souza - 2017.pdf: 5197802 bytes, checksum: af969c3bd5cfa596a8cb19786a22c290 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / We propose in this thesis to revisit the works of Homer (8th century BC), taking into account aspects of his poetic composition that refer to the elements of multitextuality and performance, as well as the temporalities in which they were composed and conceived. We start from points of view that dialogue with archeology, linguistics and musicology and relate these areas and their knowledge to the techniques of composition and improvisation of aedo. We have as objective to discuss the relations between the techniques of composition in performance and the text that we have contemporarily, suggesting a multitextual approach. We point out traces of its construction, its form, its style and we try to understand better the interactions implied in the poetic-musical constitution of the poems. / Propomos com esta Tese revisitar as obras de Homero (Séc. VIII a.C), tendo em vista aspectos de sua composição poética que remetem aos elementos de multitextualidade e performance, bem como as temporalidades em que os mesmos foram compostos e concebidos. Partimos de pontos de vista que dialoguem com a arqueologia, a linguística e a musicologia e relacionem essas áreas e seus conhecimentos às técnicas de composição e improvisação do aedo. Temos por objetivo problematizar as relações entre as técnicas de composição em performance e o texto que possuímos contemporaneamente, sugerindo uma abordagem multitextual. Apontamos traços de sua construção, de sua forma, de seu estilo e procuramos com isso compreender melhor as interações na constituição poético-musical dos poemas.

Esta tese dedica-se ao estudo do gênero poético conhecido como epithalamium, \"epitalâmio\", e sua presença entre as composições poéticas supérstites localizadas temporalmente entre o início do período helenístico e o fim da Antigüidade Clássica. Neste estudo, são analisadas composições poéticas gregas e latinas com o objetivo de identificar as características que seriam associadas a esse gênero ao longo desses séculos. / This doctoral thesis is a study about the poetical genre known as epithalamium and its occurrence among the transmitted poetical compositions located between the beginning of the Hellenistic period and the end of the classical antiquity. Greek and Latin poetical compositions are analysed in order to identify the main characteristics that are supposed to be associated to that genre during that time

La thèse montre comment les lettres et les arts communiquent, de quelle façon ce rapport est introduit sous la forme de la Grèce. L’objectif de cette recherche se situe dans le cadre d’une étude comparatiste sur la relation qui existe entre la littérature et les arts, plus précisément : l’architecture, la sculpture et la peinture. Nous pensons dans un premier temps qu’il est nécessaire d’énumérer et de présenter quelques principes déjà développés par des écrivains, des artistes, des comparatistes, des sociologues et des esthéticiens. Dans cette étude, nous examinons le problème inverse, à savoir comment un thème littéraire devient-il le sujet d’une œuvre picturale ou sculpturale. Nous élaborons un sujet, le 19e siècle, tel que Gautier et la Grèce, sur la relation entre la littérature et les arts plastiques : peinture, sculpture et architecture, car notre cursus est basé sur ce siècle. Partie à la recherche des sources, nous avons d’abord examiné les œuvres de Gautier : Mademoiselle de Maupin, Poésies complètes (T. I, II, III), Le Voyage en Turquie (chapitre consacré à la Grèce), Le Voyage en Grèce, Arria Marcella, Spirite, Avatar, Jettatura, La Toison d’Or, La Morte Amoureuse, ainsi que les écrits sur l’art des journaux : Moniteur universel, La Presse, L’Artiste, Le Journal Officiel, La Revue de Paris, Le Guide de l’Amateur au Musée du Louvre. Donc, la méthode que nous avons employée est à la fois historico-sociale, puisqu’elle s’intéresse à l’étude des sources et examine le contexte culturel et social ; théorique, puisqu’elle repose sur la situation des théories ; analytique, puisqu’elle se situe dans une conception fondée sur l’interprétation, l’analyse et la thématique. / The thesis shows how literature and art communicate, and how this relation is introduced by the theme of Greece. The purpose of this research is within the frame of a comparative study about the relation between literature and the arts, more precisely, architecture, sculpture and painting. We think that at first it is necessary to define a few principles which have already been described by writers, scholars of comparative studies and anesthetics and sociologists. In this study, we are going to examine the opposite face of the problem that is how a literature subject becomes the subject of a painting or of a sculpture. We are examining a subject, the 19th century, Gautier and Greece, considering in particular the relation between literature and the plastic arts: painting, sculpture and architecture, as our work is based upon this century. In our research about the sources, we have started examining Gautier’s works: Mlle de Maupin, Poésies complètes (T. I, II, III), Le Voyage en Turquie (chapter dedicated to Greece), Le Voyage en Grèce, Arria Marcella, Spirite, Avatar, Jettatura, La Toison d’Or, La Morte Amoureuse as well as the articles about art published on the press: Moniteur universel, La Presse, L’Artiste, Le Journal Officiel, La Revue de Paris, Le Guide de l’Amateur au Musée du Louvre. Therefore, the method we have used is, at the same time, historical and social as it is based on a research about the sources and about the social and cultural background; and theorist, as it is based on the situation of theoretical studies; analytical, as it also based on an approach based on interpretation, analysis and thematic structure.

Les stèles funéraires d’Antioche et de ses environs datant de l’Antiquité sont en si grand nombre qu’elles méritent une étude approfondie. Aucune des recherches menées tout au long du XXe siècle n’offre en effet un corpus complet ni illustré. De plus, le matériel découvert non seulement à l’époque ottomane impériale, mais aussi lors du mandat français notamment lors des fouilles de l’Université de Princeton a été dispersé entre la Turquie, la France, les États-Unis, la Syrie et le Liban. Consciente des enjeux multiples qu’une telle étude d’ensemble serait susceptible de nous livrer sur les éléments manquant dans notre connaissance des divers aspects de la vie sociale, culturelle et religieuse à Antioche et dans ses environs dans l’Antiquité, nous nous sommes efforcée de rassembler le plus grand nombre possible de stèles et de les illustrer, de les analyser minutieusement avant d’élaborer une synthèse sur le sujet. Dans cet objectif, nous avons mené des recherches au Musée archéologique d’Antakya et aux Archives du département d’Art et archéologie de l’Université de Princeton, deux principaux endroits où sont conservés les fruits des fouilles, pour pouvoir comparer les enregistrements d’inventaire, en établir une concordance et obtenir des données complémentaires. Quoique leurs collections soient relativement restreintes, nous avons également étudié les stèles du Musée archéologique d’Istanbul, et celles du Musée du Louvre et du Musée d’art de Worcester. Pour maîtriser nos résultats, nous avons utilisé le programme de File Maker Pro Advanced 11.0v2, qui permet de construire une base de données sans laquelle les documents recueillis seraient impossibles à gérer.Même si la langue grecque est régulièrement choisie pour graver les épitaphes des stèles, on peut constater de nombreuses variations qui peuvent être dialectales mais semblent surtout résulter d’une maîtrise médiocre de la langue. En dépit de la convention de l’épigraphie latine saisissable à travers l’onomastique romaine quoique transcrite en grec, les règles sont appliquées avec peu de rigueur dans les textes de notre corpus. Des noms théophores sont formés à partir des divinités aussi bien grecques, romaines qu’orientales. À partir de ces constatations, nous avons pu reconstituer des pans d’une société qui a réussi à concilier tant bien que mal les Hellènes, les Romains, les Orientaux hellénisés et romanisés sinon d’origine du moins de nom. / The funerary steles of Antioch and its surrounding areas dating from Antiquity are so numerous that they deserve a thorough study. None of the researches performed throughout 20th century offered either a comprehensive or an illustrated corpus. Furthermore, the materials discovered in the Ottoman imperial period as well as throughout the French mandatory rule —particularly during the excavations conducted by Princeton University— were dispersed among Turkey, France, United States of America, Syria and Lebanon.Observing such deficiencies in the preliminary studies we became conscious of the necessity to cover the missing elements and gaps regarding the various aspects of social, cultural and religious life in Antioch and its surrounding areas in Antiquity through a comprehensive study. We endeavoured to collect largest possible number of steles, to illustrate them, and consequently to elaborate our synthesis based on minute analyses.For this purpose, we conducted researches in Antakya Archaeological Museum and in the Archives of the Department of Art and Archaeology at Princeton University (two main places where the outcome of the aforesaid excavations are preserved) in order to compare the inventory records, to establish a correspondence and to obtain complementary data. Although their collections are relatively small, we also studied the steles of the Archaeological Museum of Istanbul, the Louvre Museum and the Worcester Art Museum. We used the software program File Maker Pro Advanced 11.0v2 for designing an extensive database which rendered the collected material manageable. Although Greek is regularly chosen in engraving epitaphs, we may observe many variations that are dialectal, most likely due to poor command of the language. Notwithstanding that the Latin epigraphic conventions are perceptible through Roman onomastics even though transcribed in Greek, these rules are applied with little rigor in the texts of our corpus. Theophoric names are formed after the names of Greek, Roman as well as the Oriental gods. Based on these observations, we were able to reconstruct parts of a society that somehow managed to reconcile the Hellens, the Romans, the Hellenized and the Romanized Orientals on the level of name, if not on the level of ethnic origins.

L'étude du verre, entre Anse et Mâcon, dans le cadre d'un mémoire de master, avait mis en avant ses origines diverses et l’approvisionnement complexe des sites de consommation de la basse vallée de la Saône. Ces conclusions appelaient à élargir l'étude de ce mobilier à l'ensemble de la Gaule du Centre-Est. Carrefour de voies fluviales et terrestres de première importance, cette région apparaît comme un point névralgique et une plaque tournante des échanges et du commerce en Gaule. Située à la croisée de plusieurs zones productrices d'objets en verre, elle reçoit aussi bien les produits de l'aire méditerranéenne, par le Rhône, que ceux des provinces septentrionales, par la Saône, ou ceux de l'Italie du Nord, par les voies traversant les Alpes. Outre sa position extrêmement perméable aux importations, les recherches de ces dernières années ont permis de mettre au jour plusieurs ateliers de verriers, à Lyon, Aoste et Autun, attestant d'une production locale, bien implantée à partir du milieu du Ier s. de n. è. L'inventaire réalisé pour cette étude a révélé de nouveaux indices d'artisanat, à Clermont-Ferrand et Saint-Romain-de-Jalionas. Leur production est cependant totalement inconnue. La reprise du mobilier des ateliers d'Autun et de celui, tardif, de la rue des Colonnes, à Vienne, n'ayant pas permis de déterminer leur production, seule, celle des ateliers lyonnais fournit une base comparative. Mais, s'il existe des points communs entre les formes fabriquées par ces derniers et celles mises au jour sur les sites de la région alentour, des divergences importantes mènent à penser que la production d'un atelier n'était pas, a priori, totalement destinée au marché local. L'analyse du mobilier en verre révèle, au contraire, un approvisionnement complexe, composé de productions locales, ou supposées telles, et d'importations à moyenne (Italie du Nord, Narbonnaise, Côte atlantique, Nord de la France) ou longue distance (Orient, Rhénanie, Mer Noire). Ces origines diverses, non seulement se mêlent au sein des mêmes contextes, mais évoluent au cours du temps. Outre la production, la circulation et le commerce du verre, cette thèse a permis d’aborder les aspects fonctionnels et sociologiques que révèle son usage, soit au regard d’autres matériaux, comme la céramique ou le métal, soit au sein du mobilier en verre lui-même, à travers les catégories morpho-fonctionnelles qu’il adopte. La comparaison entre les matériaux s'est avérée souvent impossible en raison des écueils méthodologiques, dus soit aux contraintes archéologiques, soit à celles liés au matériau lui-même. A contrario, la répartition du mobilier en verre selon ses fonctions et son contexte a montré assez peu de variations, malgré la large gamme d'usage qu'il présente. Que l'on soit dans une riche domus, une villa ou un quartier artisanal aux habitats modestes, la vaisselle en verre est le plus souvent commune et dévolue principalement au service de table. Les thermes ont livré une répartition similaire, le nombre de flacons dits « à parfums » n'étant que trop peu supérieur pour être significatif. La seule différence notable, observée dans ce contexte est la présence accrue de fragments de vitre. Les deux nécropoles étudiées ont fourni une quantité certes plus importante de balsamaires, mais sans atteindre les proportions de certaines zones funéraires, notamment lyonnaises. Enfin, l'examen du mobilier en fonction des contextes ouvre des réflexions sur l'intégration du verre au vaisselier, entre le IIe s. av. et le début du Ier s. de n. è. L'étude du mobilier de Vienne et de deux villages proches, à Saint-Laurent-d'Agny et Saint-Romain-de-Jalionas, révèle, pour des contextes comparables, de fortes divergences dans la présence du verre. En contexte urbain, les productions dites « précoces » sont bien attestées, tandis que dans les deux contextes ruraux, pourtant aisés et en apparence romanisés dans leur architecture, la vaisselle en verre y est soit très anecdotique, soit absente. / The glass study between Anse and Macon, as part of a master's thesis, had put in front various origins and complex supply in consumer sites in the lower Saône valley. These findings called to extend the study of glass to the whole East Central Gaul. Intersection of primary importance rivers and land routes, this region appears as a focal point and a hub of trade and commerce in Gaul. Located at the crossroads of several producing glassware areas, it also receives many products in the Mediterranean area, through the Rhone, as the northern provinces, through the Saône, or Northern Italy, by routes through the Alps. In addition to its highly permeable import position, the recent research discovered several glass workshops in Lyon, Aoste and Autun, attesting to local production in the first century.This study revealed new craft indices in Clermont-Ferrand and Saint-Romain-de-Jalionas. Their production, however, is completely unknown like those of workshops of Autun and Vienne. Alone those of Lyon workshops provide a comparative basis. But if there are common point, we notice some oppositions which lead to believe that the production of a workshop was not totally for the local market. Analysis of glasses reveals, on the contrary, a complex supply consisting of local productions and imports average distance ( northern Italy, Narbonne, Atlantic Coast , Northern France ) or long one ( East , Rhineland , Black Sea ). These various origins mingle not only in the same contexts but evolve over time.In addition to the production, distribution and trade of glass, this thesis is interested in the functional and sociological aspects that reveals its use, in relation to other materials, such as ceramic or metal, or within the glass itself, through the morpho - functional classes it adopts. The comparison between the materials has been often impossible because of methodological pitfalls, due to archaeological constraints or those related to the material itself. In contrast , the distribution of glass according to its functions and context showed relatively little variation, despite the wide range of use it offers.Whether you are in a rich domus , villa or a artisan district with modest habitats, glassware is the most often common and devoted mainly serving table. The baths have delivered a similar distribution , as the number of perfume bottles is too few to be significant. The only significant difference observed in this context is the increased presence of fragments of glass windows. Both cemeteries studied provided an admittedly larger amount of perfume bottles but without reaching the proportions of certain burial sites, like in Lyon.Finally, glass studies based on contexts open reflections on the integration of glass between the second century BC and the beginning of the first century AD. The glass study in Vienna and two Villae in Saint-Laurent-d'Agny and Saint-Romain-de-Jalionas reveals, for comparable context, strong differences in the presence of glass. In urban context, early productions are well documented, whereas in both rural contexts, romanized in appearance in their architecture, the glassware is very anecdotal or absent.

La thèse a pour objet l’étude de la façade maritime nord de l’Afrique Proconsulaire depuis Thabraca (Tbarqa) au Promunturium Mercuri (le Cap Bon), dans des limites chronologiques recouvrant la période romaine de 146 av. J.-C. à 439 ap. J.C. Il s’agit d’une région fort mal connue, à l’exception des deux villes de Carthage et d’Utique, pour laquelle les témoignages archéologiques ont été insuffisamment pris en considération par la recherche de terrain alors que des prospections avaient pourtant signalé une occupation du sol significative notamment autour du golfe de Tunis.Ce travail propose d’établir un bilan des connaissances reposant tant sur les sources classiques que sur la documentation archéologique. La démarche est attentive à ne pas limiter son enquête à la seule analyse des vestiges liés à l’occupation du sol sur terre (un pléonasme volontairement utilisé ici) mais aussi de prendre en considération l’environnement maritime.En effet ces deux espaces souvent étudiés séparément sont en définitive très étroitement dépendants l’un de l’autre pour leur économie qu’il s’agisse des productions liées aux ressources de la mer et de celles de l’hinterland des agglomérations côtières, ou bien des échanges inter provinciaux dans le bassin méditerranéen.L’examen simultané de ces deux espaces révèle un urbanisme fort modeste, une mise en valeur des sols insignifiantes au regard de celles d’autres régions voisines bien plus privilégiées, des infrastructures portuaires quasi inexistantes ou sommaires, des activités de production fort limitées, une vie politique très effacée. / The thesis is to study the coastline north of Proconsular Africa from Thabraca (Tbarqa) to Promunturium Mercurii (Cap Bon), within chronological limits covering the period from 146 BC to 439 AD. It is a very poorly known region- except for the two cities Carthage and Utica, where archaeological evidence has been insufficiently taken into account by field research though surveys have reported a significant soil occupation especially around the Gulf of Tunis.This work proposes to establish a stock of knowledge as based on classical sources as on the archaeological documentation. The approach is careful not to limit its investigation to remains analysis bound to the soil on land (a pleonasm is deliberately used here) but also to consider the marine environment. Indeed these two spaces which are often studied separately are ultimately very closely dependent on each other another for their economy, whether for productions related to marine resources and those of the hinterland of coastal settlements, or for the inter-provincial trade in the Mediterranean.The simultaneous examination of these two areas reveals a very modest urban planning, an enhancement of insignificant soils in comparison with those of other more privileged neighboring regions, port facilities almost non-existent or rare, production activities very limited, a political life very faded.

The purpose of this paper is to analyse how the period of antiquity is portrayed in the Swedish upper secondary school material in the course History 1bfrom a gender perspective, by examining digitalized study materials that claims to follow the specifiedcurriculum. The course curriculum for History 1bstates the importance of including female groups in the historic narrative, as well as that ideas of equality between sexes should permeate everything connected to teaching, among other things. The paper aims to analyse how gender is portrayed by examining the digitalized study material of DigilärHistoria 1 100 poäng, Nationalencyklopedin, NE, Historia 1 and Gleerups Möt historien 1b. The analysis was done using theories of gender from Yvonne Hirdman and Joann Scott to put historical power structures in relation to gender. The questions considered were (1)Which male and female characters are included and (2)how are they portrayed? (3)Lastly, how are social differences between them explained?The results showan overrepresentation of men. In the Gleerups material no specific female character was represented. NE’s material had 26 % and Digilär’s 20 % representation of women. The female characters are portrayed with stereotypical female characteristics such as their body, seduction and their ability to bear children. Female leaders are shown only to influence issues regarding equality and other women, whereas all mentioned men are portrayed as changing society especially as conquerors and warriors. Masculinity and femininity are portrayed as counterparts and men’s greatest weakness is any inability to control their wives and daughters. There are some exceptions that blurs the line such as Athene, Apollon and to some extent Cleopatra which are portrayed by showing characteristics associated with the other gender. The writers of the study materials are limited by the limited number of available historical sources and the picture they betray but only NE points out the problems with this. Neither Digilär nor Gleerups mention the skewed picture as a problem but Digilär shows to some extent how people in Greece legitimized the patriarchal structures.

En Antiquité tardive, la communauté des clercs est en pleine formation et apparait de plus en plus souvent dans les inscriptions. D’où l’intérêt de faire ressortir de ces sources la position sociale du clergé, et de poser la question de leur spécificité dans la somme des inscriptions tardo-antiques. D’abord les sources épigraphiques des clercs sont resitués dans le vaste champ des inscriptions de l’Antiquité tardive, avant de mettre en évidence la diversité des inscriptions selon la charge occupée et d’aborder la question de l’(auto-)représentation des clercs. La position sociale du clergé, la fonction des inscriptions du clergé dans le contexte funéraire et un examen des domaines dans lesquels les clercs prennent un rôle actif constituent les chapitres 3 à 5. Dans le catalogue épigraphique (vol. II) sont présentées 847 inscriptions, de genres différents (essentiellement inscriptions funéraires et de construction, éloges versifiés et graffiti) provenant de toute la péninsule italienne. / In Late Antiquity, the community of clerics is considerably expanding and appears henceforth frequently in inscriptions. This is why it is interesting to work out of this type of sources the social position of the clergy and ask for their distinctiveness within late antique inscriptions. At first, epigraphic evidence of clerics is to be resituated in the broad field of late antique inscriptions, before exposing the diversity of the inscriptions depending on the offices held and resolving the question of the clerics’ (self-) portrayal. The social status of the clergy, an analysis of the inscriptions’ role in the funerary context as well as a study of the domains in which clerics appear as proactive people are the central themes of chapter 3 to 5. In the epigraphical catalogue (vol. II) are presented 847 inscriptions of various types (mainly sepulchral and building inscriptions, poems of praise and graffiti), coming from all over the Italian peninsula.