Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-02-14T13:37:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Erick de Oliveira Santos Costa.pdf: 678050 bytes, checksum: 440f614342d47250b079c0e29a8e02d2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-14T13:37:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Erick de Oliveira Santos Costa.pdf: 678050 bytes, checksum: 440f614342d47250b079c0e29a8e02d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / One of the goals of this work is to present and analyze the difficulty of thinking about the nature and the movement facing to the notion of becoming. In fact, it seems that the necessity of matching the notions of being and non-being give nature a contradictory core or a sign of indeterminacy. We will see therefore how Aristotle deals with this dilemma. We understand that the philosopher of Stagira points out the need to conceive the nature and movement as a phenomenon to dissolve the dilemmas are present in previous philosophy / Um dos objetivos do presente trabalho ? expor e analisar a dificuldade de se pensar a natureza e o movimento frente ? no??o de devir. Com efeito, parece que a necessidade de se conciliar as no??es de ser e n?o-ser conferem a natureza um ?mago contradit?rio ou um ?ndice de indetermina??o. Veremos, por conseguinte, como Arist?teles lida com esse dilema. Entendemos que o fil?sofo de Estagira aponta para a necessidade de conceber a natureza e o movimento enquanto fen?meno para dissolver os dilemas presentes na filosofia precedente

O propósito deste trabalho é determinar a natureza, especificidade e necessidade da categoria da política no pensamento maduro de Aristóteles, tendo por eixo central o exame de três obras capitais: Ética Nicomaquéia, A Constituição de Atenas e Política. Estabelecer, portanto, os nexos e laços históricos que uniram e animaram o pensamento político do estagirita, relacionando-os à realidade ateniense do século do IV a.C que influenciou, sobremaneira, a démarche ideológica do filósofo em tela. Trata-se de apontar os elos que motivaram concretamente o autor a encontrar na política e na ética instrumentos a moderar, a impor limites ao modo de vida grego (à comunidade política) e à individualidade, respectivamente. O ideário político-ético aristotélico brotou dos desafios incontornáveis de uma pólis grega declinante, com suas adstringências ingênitas, de apoucadas forças produtivas. Assim, foi levado, historicamente, a responder ao grande desafio de seu tempo: recompor, a partir de certa exeqüibilidade, o equilíbrio citadino perdido por décadas de guerras internas e externas. De modo que, política e ética foram compreendidas como mecanismos reguladores a dirimir conflitos e tensões em momento singular da vida pública grega, a saber, em uma pólis prestes a perder sua autonomia política para Filipe e Alexandre. Em síntese, visava, portanto, intermediar relações, limitar e equilibrar a comunidade e o indivíduo que dela participava, pois, do contrário, a ausência de limites acabaria (como de fato ocorreu) impondo a dissolução da vida in communitas. / The purpose of this work is to determine the nature, specificity and necessity of the politics category in Aristotle\'s mature thought, having as central axis the examination of his major works: Nichomachean Ethics, Constitution of Athens and Politics. To find, therefore, the historical nexus and ties that animate and link the Stagirite\'s political ideology to the 4th-century BC Athenian reality, which strongly influenced the philosopher\'s ideological démarche. The point is to establish the links that concretely motivated the philosopher of Stagira to find in Politics and in Ethics the instruments to moderate and impose limits to the Greek way of life (the political community) and to individuality, respectively. Thus, the Aristotelian political-ethical ideology rises from the unescapable challenges of a declining Greek polis, with its innate restrictions of scarce productive forces. Such a reflection finds in the Athenian decline the motivation for its birth, that is, the Stagirite is historically driven to respond to the great challenge of his time: to recompose, within a certain degree of possibility, the city-state balance lost through decades of internal and external wars. In this way, Politics and Ethics are understood as regulative mechanisms to settle conflicts and tensions in a singular moment of Greek public life, that is, in a polis about to lose its political autonomy to Philip and Alexander. In synthesis, the aim of the Stagirite\'s political-ethical ideology is to intermediate relations, to limit and to equilibrate the community and its participant individual because, otherwise, the absence of limits would eventually impose (as it actually occurred) the dissolution of life in communitas.

Esse trabalho busca interpretar as duas primeiras obras do crítico Peter Szondi (1929-1971), Teoria do drama moderno e Ensaio sobre o trágico, à luz de suas principais referências teóricas e do percurso pessoal e intelectual do crítico de Budapeste a Berlim entre os anos de 1944 e 1961. Acredita-se que esse período não só condensou as leituras e esperiências de maior impacto para as convicções do futuro filólogo e ensaísta, mas deu a obra um forma que sofreria, a seu término, uma inflexão decisiva, a qual suspendia e refletia justamente os anos referidos. Vê-se como traço definidor desses anos tanto o embate com a tradição artística e filosófica sedimentada nas obras analisadas nos dois livros como a reelaboração, em sentido próprio, de uma teoria critica então recente que procurara, em função de seu próprio presente, refletir sobre a crise dessa tradição, sendo esse fio tenso - entre a modernidade e tradição - não só o que dá vida a esses dois livros, mas o que justifica aqui o interesse pela obra de Szondi. No centro desse embate e reformulação se encontram as noções de drama, drama moderno e tragédia, que - além de justificar o título - são a chave da presente tese. / This work intends to interpret the first two books written by Peter Szondi (1929-1971), Theory of the modern drama and An essay on tragic, in view of his main theoretical references and the criticist\'s personal and intellectual itinerary, from Budapest to Berlin, between 1944 and 1961. It\'s argued that this period not only concentrates the most striking readings and experiences of the future philologist and essayist, but shaped an oeuvre which would later inflect decisively towards the suspension of and reflection upon the assigned years. The period\'s defining feature is seen here as both the confrontation with the artistic and philosophical tradition condensed on the works analyzed in those two books, and the remaking, in a peculiar way, of a then recent critical theory which, in face of present circumstances, intended to reflect upon the crisis of that same tradition. This tense line - between modernity and tradition - which gives life to both books is our source of interest on Szondi\'s oeuvre. In the nucleus of this confrontation and remaking process one can find the notions of drama, modern drama and tragedy, which - besides justifying the title - are the key to the present dissertation.

This essay is a critical interpretation of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, as it attempts to reconcile the tension between moral virtue and intellectual virtue, the two virtues which Aristotle deems characteristic of man. This paper looks to include both moral and intellectual virtue in Aristotle’s conception of the happy life, through the summarization and analyzation of David Keyt, J.L Ackrill, John Cooper and Daniel Devereux’s modern interpretations of the ethics.

In this paper I explore the philosophical implications of decision theory and deliberation on ethics, paying special attention to how vicious individuals yearn for a separate philosophical account. Drawing largely on Fricker, McDowell, Paul, and Nussbaum I discuss how transformative experiences open a window for understanding moral development in terms of habituation in the Aristotelian sense, and further how the vicious individual’s failure to deliberate may be remedied via a transformation through art.

No description available.

《亞里斯多德場所觀》一文是柏格森在1889年寫作的論文，筆者會以此文為題，一方面是由於對柏格森哲學的興趣，一方面乃是對強調綿延和時間的柏格森，會在早期著作中對亞里斯多德的場所觀進行討論的原因產生好奇。因此，本文由探討柏格森如何討論亞里斯多德的場所開始，企圖了解柏格森為何如此討論亞里斯多德的場所、有何看法及其批評背後的理由。 為了解柏格森討論亞里斯多德背後的理由，本論文分為五個部分討論：第一個部分為導論，先介紹柏拉圖的空間 ( chôra ) 觀，而後陳述亞里斯多德的場所 ( topos ) ，對空間與場所議題作一個概略式的理解。從第一章開始，會隨著柏格森對亞里斯多德場所的分析，一步步分析出亞里斯多德的場所觀。首先，討論柏格森對亞里斯多德場所設定的討論，排除一些不屬於場所的東西。而在排除不屬於場所的東西後，第二章討論柏格森所推導出的亞里斯多德的場所的定義，以及柏格森所提出的問題和批評，而後，柏格森認為亞里斯多德的場所就是空間的結論。接著，筆者參考柏格森在1990年寫的《意識的直接與料》、《物質與記憶》、《形上學導論》，以及康德與萊布尼茲的說法，在第三章進一步對柏格森所理解的空間進行探討與再思考。最後，在結論的部分，說明筆者認為柏格森討論亞里斯多德的場所的理由，並引入德勒茲的詮釋，初探在德勒茲的詮釋下，柏格森哲學的另一種面向。 / “Aristotle’s concept of place” is an essay that Bergson wrote in 1889. I take this article as the theme of my essay, partly to my interest in the philosophy of Bergson; on the other hand, to my curious about Bergson’s reason to wrote this article. Why Bergson discussed Aristotle’s concept of place in the early work？So, I start from the way how Bergson discussed Aristotle’s concept of place, attempt to realize Bergson’s view of it, and the reason why Bergson discussed it. For realizing the reason, I will discuss it in five parts. The first part is the introduction, in which I introduce Plato’s concept of “space” ( chôra ), and discuss Aristotle’s concept of “place” ( topos ). Then, start from the Chapter Ι, I will follow to Bergson’s analyze to the concept of Aristotle’ place, and I will inference the place of Aristotle step by step. First, I will discuss the hypothesis of Aristotle’s place, and exclude some characters which not belong to Aristotle’s place. Then, in the Chapter Ⅱ, I will discuss the definition of Aristotle’s place which inference by Bergson, and the problem and critic of Bergson. And, Bergson thought Aristotle’s concept of place is space. Again, I refer to Bergson’ work like Time and Free Will, Matter and Memory, and the Introduction of Metaphysics. And otherwise, I will refer to the openion of Kant and Leibniz, too, in order to discuss and reflect the further means of Bergson’s space in the Chapter Ⅲ. Finally, in the conclusion, I will return to my curious about why Bergson discussed Aristotle’s concept of place. Then, I will sketch in the interpretation of Deleuze, in order to see another feature of Bergson’s philosophy.

In this thesis I will develop and test an interpretive framework for the Subject based on the understanding that an entity can be identified as a Subject if it is the necessary referent for an attribution. This understanding provides a template for approaching different Subjects, for considering the validity of their being identified as Subjects, and for reorienting the general discourse of the Subject away from an investigation of particular entities to one concerned with the contexts which support such identifications.

<p>This paper deals with the development of scientific geography during Antiquity from its mythical background before the seventh century BC to Claudius Ptolemy during the second century AD. The main focus is on questions concerning the shape of the earth, its place in the universe, size and mapping of the earth. Already before 400 BC, the idea of the earth as a globe was firmly estabished. During classical time, Aristotle used empirical and rational arguments to prove that the earth was a sphere and that it was situated motionless in the center of the universe. In the third century BC, the first reasonably correct measurements of the circumference of the earth was carried out by Eratosthenes. Later, a lower, incorrect measurement of the circumference of the earth was made by Poseidonius. His measurement was for some reason accepted by later geographers.The first map of the earth that we know of is on a clay tablet from Mesopotamia from c. 600 BC. The first useful maps were constructed during the Roman era.</p>

No description available.