Homens geralmente são mais permissivos quanto ao sexo casual, sendo considerados mais irrestritos. Evolutivamente, essa estratégia sexual foi selecionada pelos homens apresentarem menor investimento parental e consequente maior investimento na competição e busca por parceiras, enquanto as mulheres, por apresentar alto investimento e sucesso reprodutivo relacionado à qualidade da prole, foram selecionadas para ser seletivas. Numa perspectiva proximal, o nível de hormônios masculinizantes pré-natais e da puberdade pode gerar essas diferenças intersexuais, assim como distinções intrassexuais, mas as evidências são ambíguas. Ademais, não está clara a conexão entre hormônios e julgamentos de si e realizados por terceiros quanto à atratividade. Avaliou-se a variação intersexual e intrassexual na sociossexualidade em função de indicadores anatômicos, cognitivo e psicológicos de masculinização e em função da autoavaliação e da avaliação feita pelo sexo oposto da atratividade. Participaram 54 mulheres (24,02 anos ± 4,86) e 51 homens (23,57 anos ± 3,89), estudantes da cidade de São Paulo, compreendendo diferentes cursos. Eles responderam voluntária e anonimamente a um questionário, contendo autoavaliações facial, corporal, vocal e comportamental quanto à feminilidade/masculinidade e atratividade; Inventário de Orientação Sociossexual-Revisado; e teste de rotação mental de Vandenberg, e mediu-se a taxa digital 2D:4D das duas mãos e as razões cintura/quadril feminina e cintura/ombro masculina. Ademais, as faces foram fotografadas e avaliadas quanto à atratividade: 27 mulheres (23,81 anos ± 3,87) avaliaram os rostos masculinos e 24 homens (23,66 anos ± 3,70) julgaram os femininos. As diferenças intersexuais foram: homens foram mais irrestritos, autodeclaram-se mais masculinos, foram mais masculinos cognitivamente e foram julgados como menos atraentes facialmente. Não houve diferença entre as razões 2D:4D e a atratividade autodeclarada. Nas variações intrassexuais femininas, apenas indicadores psicológicos se associaram com a sociossexualidade: mulheres mais irrestritas avaliaram sua voz como mais masculina e menos atraente. Ademais, mulheres cognitivamente mais masculinas foram julgadas como facialmente mais atraentes, participantes mais masculinas na razão 2D:4D avaliaram seu corpo como mais atraente, aquelas que se declararam mais atraentes também se julgaram como mais femininas e mulheres que avaliaram seu comportamento como mais feminino foram mais femininas na razão cintura/quadril. Nas variações intrassexuais masculinas, homens que se declararam mais atraentes, mais masculinos corporalmente, mais velhos e que tiveram razão 2D:4D mais feminina foram mais irrestritos. Demais, homens que foram julgados como mais atraentes se declararam mais atraentes facialmente e mais femininos em seu comportamento; taxa 2D:4D mais feminina se associou com rosto autodeclarado mais masculino; e participantes que se avaliaram como mais atraentes corporalmente tiveram ombros mais largos. Então, este projeto mostrou que parte da sociossexualidade masculina pode ser explicada por algumas medidas anatômicas e por indicadores de valor de conquista, enquanto apenas os indicadores psicológicos se relacionaram com sociossexualidade feminina. Porém, indicadores de masculinização não se relacionaram entre si nem com a sociossexualidade, como algumas medidas se associaram de forma oposta ao esperado e algumas relações foram contraditórias entre si. Isso indica que o desenvolvimento dos indicadores de masculinização e seus efeitos podem ser parcialmente independentes entre si. Novos estudos examinando essas associações e outras amostras brasileiras são necessários / Men in general are more permissive on casual sex, for that reason they are considered more unrestricted. From an evolutionary perspective, this sexual strategy was selected because men have shown less parental investment and, for that reason, greater investment in competition and in search for partners. On the other hand, women were selected to be more selective due to their greater parental investment and reproductive success related to the offspring quality. From a proximate view, the level of prenatal and pubertal masculinization may cause these intersexual differences, as well as intrasexual variations, but the evidence is ambiguous. Moreover, it is not clear the relation among hormones and attractiveness (self-rated and evaluated by others). We assessed the inter- and intrasexual variation in the sociosexuality by using anatomical, cognitive, and psychological indicators of masculinization and the evaluation of attractiveness (self-rated and evaluated by others). Participants were 54 women (mean age = 24.02, SD = 4.86) and 51 men (mean age = 23.57, SD = 3.89), all students of Sao Paulo city, comprising different university courses. First, they answered, voluntarily and anonymously, a questionnaire that included facial, bodily, vocal, and behavioral self-reported femininity/masculinity and attractiveness; the revised Sociosexual Orientation Inventory; and the Vandenberg Mental Rotation Test. Then we then measured the 2D:4D digit ratio of both hands, the female waist-to-hip ratio and the male waist-to-shoulder ratio. The participants faces were photographed and rated for attractiveness: 27 women (mean age = 23.81, SD 3.87) assessed the male faces, and 24 men (mean age = 23.66, SD 3.70) judged the female faces. The intersex differences we found were: men that were more unrestricted declared themselves as more masculine, their cognition was more masculine, and they were judged as less facially attractive. We found no differences between the 2D:4D ratio and the self-rated attractiveness. In the female intrasexual variations, we found that only the psychological indicators were associated with the sociosexuality: more unrestricted women rated their voices as more masculine and as less attractive. Moreover, women who were more cognitively masculine were judged as more facially attractive; participants who had more masculine 2D:4D evaluated their body as more attractive; women who rated themselves as more attractive also judged themselves as more feminine, females who evaluated their behavior as more feminine had more feminine waist-to-hip ratio. As for the male intrasexual variations: men who rated themselves as more attractive, more bodily masculine, older, and who had more feminine 2D:4D ratios were more unrestricted. Furthermore, men who were judged as more attractive declared themselves as more facially attractive and were more behavioral feminine; the more feminine 2D:4D ratios were associated with more masculine self-rated faces; and participants who evaluated themselves as more bodily attractive had wider shoulders. This study showed that part of the male sociosexuality might be explained by some anatomical measures and by the indicators of mate value, while only the psychological indicators might be related to the female sociosexuality. However, indicators of masculinization were not associated to each other or with the sociosexuality; some measures had opposite relations, and some associations were contradictory. This indicates that the development of the indicators of masculinizing and their effects may be partly independent. New studies are needed to examine those associations and other Brazilian samples

Desde os anos 1980, o governo brasileiro vem realizando ações no sentido de promover a eficiência energética, seguindo a tendência mundial de se poupar energia, enfatizada após os dois choques do petróleo. No âmbito do segmento de energia elétrica, as ações de conservação de energia levaram à criação do PROCEL, em 1985. Nessa mesma linha, nos anos 1990, foi criado o Programa de Eficiência Energética (PEE/ANEEL). Desde então, este Programa tem sido a principal fonte de investimentos em projetos de eficiência energética no Brasil. Observa-se, entretanto, que nesta segunda década do novo milênio, o Brasil ainda apresenta níveis muito baixos de redução no consumo de energia elétrica, face aos potenciais por ele exibidos. Neste contexto, esta tese tem o objetivo de propor uma sistemática alternativa ao PEE/ANEEL, de forma a incentivar uma redução mais intensa de consumo de energia elétrica, visando a aproveitar melhor os potenciais existentes e também a reduzir barreiras à implantação de medidas e/ou projetos nessa linha. Para atingir tal objetivo, este trabalho propõe a implantação no país de um sistema denominado White Certificate. Este tipo de sistema se baseia na criação de um mercado para a energia economizada e, sendo assim, pode gerar aumento na atratividade financeira de projetos de eficiência energética. Para tanto, o trabalho partiu da análise de projetos de eficiência energética existentes e potenciais para simular e mensurar o potencial de incremento na atratividade financeira desses projetos, caso existisse a possibilidade de se comercializar a energia economizada. Os resultados indicam que a sistemática proposta mostrou-se um instrumento de incentivo eficaz, capaz de gerar um incremento significativo na atratividade financeira desses projetos, contribuindo para que mais agentes se interessem em promover e perseguir a eficiência energética no país. / Since the 1980s, the Brazilian government has undertaken actions to promote energy efficiency, following the global trend of concern over the issue after the two oil shocks. Within the electricity sector, electricity conservation actions lead to the creation of PROCEL in 1985. In the same vein, in the 1990s, the Energy Efficiency Program (PEE/ ANEEL) was created. Since then, this Program has been the main source of energy efficiency funds in Brazil. It is noted, however, that in this second decade of the new millennium, Brazil still presents quite low levels of reduction in power consumption compared to the potential that the country shows. In this context, this thesis aims to propose an alternative mechanism to the established PEE/ANEEL in order to encourage a more intense reduction of energy consumption. The proposed mechanism also aims at making better use of the existing potential for energy efficiency and at reducing the barriers to the implementation of measures and / or projects in this line. To achieve this goal, this work proposes the implementation in the country of a mechanism called White Certificates in which it is created a market for energy savings, in order to increase the financial attractiveness of energy efficiency projects. The research departures from the analysis of energy efficiency projects existing and potential ones and simulates the potential increase in financial attractiveness of these projects, if there were the possibility of trading the energy saved. The results indicate that the proposed mechanism can generate a significant increase in financial gains of these projects, attracting more agents interested in pursuing and investing in energy efficiency projects in the country.

Este trabalho analisa a contribuição do agronegócio para o saldo comercial do Brasil desde 1989 de sorte a que se possa antecipar a possibilidade de ocorrer conflitos entre a geração dos superávits do setor e a manutenção do custo de vida e da inflação sob controle. Há que se determinar relações entre taxas de câmbio, taxa de crescimento do PIB, preços internacionais de commodities assim como o comportamento da produtividade com o superávit comercial do agronegócio. Uma nova classificação de balança comercial do agronegócio foi criada e usada para analisar os lados dos produtos exportados - representados pelos produtos agrícolas não processados, produtos de origem animal não processados e alimentos industrializados e dos insumos importados – representados pelos fertilizantes - para o período de 1989 a 2005. Elaboraram-se modelos de importação e exportação a fim de retratar e explicar o comportamento dessas variáveis empregando a Análise de Auto-Regressões Vetoriais (Vector Autoregression Analysis, VAR). Pôde-se observar que um aumento de 1% na atratividade – dada pelo produto do câmbio e dos preços externos - impulsiona as exportações de produtos agrícolas não processados em 1,71% imediatamente, estabilizando-se em 2% após alguns trimestres. A atratividade explica de 60% a 74% da variância dos erros de previsão dessas exportações. Um aumento de 1% atratividade eleva os preços agrícolas em 0,29% de imediato e em pouco mais de 0,2% no longo prazo. A demanda externa por fertilizantes mostrou-se inelástica: 1% de aumento no seu custo eleva o valor das importações em 0,55%. Nota-se assim que uma desvalorização cambial, por exemplo, aumenta mais as exportações de produtos do que as importações de fertilizantes. Além disso, um crescimento de 1% no PIB doméstico exerce impacto expressivo (convergindo em - 1,7%) de contenção das exportações dos produtos agrícolas. Embora estes efeitos não tenham apresentado poder relevante de explicação dos erros de previsão, eles alertam para possíveis quedas no ritmo exportador do agronegócio face a uma retomada do crescimento econômico brasileiro. Nesse caso, cada ponto percentual de crescimento do PIB teria de ser compensado por idêntica desvalorização cambial para conter a demanda interna e manter as exportações. Salientase, entretanto, que a expansão das exportações do agronegócio tem-se dado sob incremento importante da produtividade, que pode ser o elemento capaz de compatibilizar o crescimento das exportações e o atendimento do mercado interno sem pressões inflacionárias relevantes. / This study aims to analyze the agribusiness contribution to Brazil\'s trade balance since 1989 until 2005 to evaluate the possibility of conflicts involving surplus generation, cost of living and inflation. The study determines the relationships among interest rates, GDP growth rate, commodities international prices as well as the productivity behavior with the agribusiness trade surplus. A new classification of the agribusiness trade balance was proposed and used to analyze the aspects of the exported products –non processed agricultural products, non processed products of animal origin, industrialized foods and imported inputs – represented by fertilizers. Imports and exports vector autoregression models were used to explain the behavior of these variables. An increase of 1% in the attractiveness – product of the exchange rate by the international prices – boosts immediately the exports of non processed agricultural products by 1.71%, stabilizing at 2% after some trimesters. The attractiveness explains 60 to 74% of the forecast error variances of these exportats. An increase of 1% in the attractiveness raises the agricultural prices by 0.29% at the first moment and slightly higher than 0.2% in the long run. The demand for fertilizers is inelastic: an increase of 1% in price generates a rise in the imports value of 0.55%. It is noted, thus, that an exchange rate devaluation stimulates more the exports of products than it does the fertilizer imports. Besides, an increase of 1% of the GDP has an expressive impact (converging into -1.7%) on agricultural products exports. Although these effects have not presented relevant power to explain the forecast errors, they signal to a possible drop of the agribusiness exporting rhythm in the face of an economic recovery of the Brazilian economy. In this case each percent point of the GDP growth would have to be compensated by an identical devaluation of the exchange rate in order to keep the exports level. It is highlighted, however, that the expansion of agribusiness exports has been attributed to an important increase in productivity, which can be the element to balance the exportation growth and the domestic market demands without relevant inflationary pressures.

Cette étude tente de déterminer la place accordée à la collectivité territoriale au sein du droit des marques, tout en recherchant si cet outil répond réellement à ses besoins et s’il est opportun de le modifier. Outre l’analyse d’éventuelles évolutions du droit des marques, en vue d'améliorer la prise en compte des intérêts de la collectivité territoriale, l’objectif est également de proposer des méthodes et instruments à mettre en œuvre concrètement afin d’optimiser l’utilisation de ce droit. D’une part, sont étudiés les défis et enjeux auxquels elle est confrontée, ainsi que les utilités et bénéfices que la marque peut lui apporter. Il s’agit ainsi de déterminer l’intérêt du droit des marques pour la collectivité territoriale. D’autre part, celle-ci souhaite mettre en œuvre ce droit afin d’enregistrer et d’exploiter une marque. Il est alors réalisé une analyse du fonctionnement du droit des marques au service de la collectivité territoriale. / This study tries to determine the place given to the territorial collectivity within trademark law, while investigating whether this tool really meets its needs and whether it is appropriate to modify it. In addition to analyzing possible changes in trademark law, in order to improving the way in which the interests of the territorial collectivity are taken into account, the objective is also to propose methods and tools to be implemented in practice. On the one hand, the challenges and issues the territorial collectivity faces are examined, as well as the uses and benefits that the trademark can bring to it. This is to determine the interest of the trademark law for the territorial collectivity. On the other hand, the territorial collectivity wishes to implement this law in order to register and use a trademark. An analysis of the functioning of trademark law in the interest of the territorial collectivity is then made.

Ce travail de recherche aborde la question de l’impact des réseaux sociaux numériques professionnels sur l’attractivité organisationnelle. Malgré la complexité et la diversité des études théorique et pratique portant sur la manière avec laquelle les membres des réseaux sociaux professionnels interagissent, les études portant sur l’attractivité organisationnelle et l’identification des membres dans le contexte d’e-recrutement demeurent limitées. Dans ce travail, le champ théorique qui a été mobilisé est la théorie du capital social. Il s’agit de mieux comprendre l'impact de l'identité sociale, la confiance sociale, bouche-à-oreille virtuel, le site des réseaux sociaux et le rôle médiateur de qualité d’information sur l’attractivité organisationnelle en tant qu’un employeur. La thèse propose un cadre d'analyse et conceptuel. En plus de la revue de la littérature, une étude complémentaire a été réalisée sur la base de 8 entretiens semi-directifs auprès de directeurs des ressources humaines afin de connaitre leur avis sur les motivations des entreprises qui intègrent l'utilisation des réseaux dans leurs pratiques de recrutement. Une étude quantitative a été menée à partir de 288 individus résidant en France et au Canada qui sont présents sur les réseaux sociaux numériques professionnels. Le but est de mesurer l’impact des facteurs identifiés dans la première étude qui influencent l’attractivité organisationnelle. Les résultats obtenus ont permis de comprendre l’importance du réseautage social, l’attractivité de site des réseaux sociaux ainsi que l’effet médiateur de qualité d’information sur l’attractivité organisationnelle, le prestige et l’intention des individus pour suivre des offres d’emploi sur ces plateformes. / This research work addresses the impact of professional social networks on the organizational attractiveness as an employer. Despite the complexity and diversity of studies on social networks both theoretical and practical regarding the way the members of professional social networks interact, the studies related to organizational attractiveness and membership identification in the context of e-recruitment is scarce remains limited. In this research, the social capital theory has been considered in order to better understand the impact of social identity, social trust, virtual word of mouth, the social networking platform and the mediating role of information quality on organizational attractiveness as an employer. In addition to the literature review, a first complementary study was carried out on the basis of 8 semi-directive interviews with human resources managers to obtain their opinions on the various stakeholders who integrate the use of these networks in their practices. A quantitative study was carried out on the basis of 288 individuals currently living in France and Canada who are present on professional online social networks in order to measure the impact of identified factors that influence the organizational attractiveness. The obtained results allowed us to understand the importance of social networking, the attractiveness of social networks sites and also the mediating effect of information quality on the organizational attractiveness as an employer, organizational prestige and intention of individuals to pursue job offers on these platforms.

Cette thèse porte sur l'analyse des processus de production des œuvres d'art urbain (de l'art pérenne au street art) pendant la régénération urbaine. L'art joue-t-il un rôle de révélateur, de socle voire de catalyseur du développement des territoires dans un contexte de société événementielle et de compétition métropolitaine ? Ce questionnement prend principalement appui sur une opération d'aménagement dans la métropole parisienne (Zone d'Aménagement Concertée Paris Rive Gauche) et mobilise des cas satellites en Ile-de-France, qui font/ou ont fait l'objet de la prise en compte d'actions artistiques. D'abord, l'idée est de démontrer que l'art joue un rôle grandissant dans et pour le projet urbain, en examinant l'évolution de ses formes, de ses spatialités et des enjeux territoriaux et touristiques qu'il doit servir depuis l'engagement de l'opération en 1991. De plus, il s'agit de mettre en lumière les contraintes, les reconfigurations et les hybridations des pratiques des acteurs des mondes de l'aménagement et de l'art, ainsi que la prise d'importance de professionnels à la croisée de ces mondes, incarnés par les galeristes de street art dans Paris Rive Gauche. Enfin, cette étude se penche sur les effets de la promotion de l'art- et en particulier du street art - sur le statut de centralité et l'image des territoires valorisés. En quoi agit-elle sur la valeur internationalisée de cette image et la transformation des espaces publics en espaces de galeries ? Une attention est portée sur la reproduction de projets similaires dans différents contextes géographiques, les mécanismes de fonctionnement des acteurs impliqués dans les projets et leurs circulations spatiales. / The purpose of this research is to analyse the production processes of urban artworks (from perennial art to street art) within urban regeneration. Does art represents a witness, a base or even a catalyst of the development of territories within the context of the event society and the metropolitan competition? This questioning is mainly based on a development operation in the Parisian metropolis (Zone d'Aménagement Concertée Paris Rive Gauche) and mobilizes satellite examples in Ile de France, which are or have been the subject of artistic actions. This thesis first of all demonstrates that art plays a growing role in and/or the urban project, by examining the evolution of its forms, its spatial features and the territorial and tourist issues that it must serve since the beginning of the operation in 1991. ln addition, it highlights the constraints, the reconfigurations and hybridizations of the behavior of the professionals in the fields of urban and art, well as the growing importance of figures at the crossroad of both fields such as street art galleries in Paris Rive Gauche. Finally, it analyses the effects of the promotion of art - specifically street art - on the status of centrality and the image of the territories. How does it affect the internationalized value of this image and does it transform public spaces into gallery spaces? For this purpose, a special attention is given to the reproduction of similar projects in different geographical contexts, the behavior of the actors involved in the projects and their spatial circulations.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:57:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tania de Lima.pdf: 1235680 bytes, checksum: 2caeca90f219b7b55c3d22c1dc29e4ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-08 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / The central focus of this paper is the research and analysis of the interests of young people from the third year of high school, related to the choice as for whether or not opting for the teaching profession. In the same way, we intended to reflect upon the reasons that have led young people not to opt for the teaching profession and especially in the area of mathematics. The questions that guided this study were: what are the factors that determine the choice for the teaching profession by graduating students of the third year of high school, from a public school in great São Paulo? How do these students perceive the teaching profession in mathematics, and how they see it as a possibility for a future career choice? The theoretical references were based on Tenti-Fanfani and Juarez Dayrell for the understanding of the adolescent and young adult, Silvio Bock, in what refers to career choices, for the analysis, the study was based on Vygotsky, Dussel, Charlot, Candau and Roldão. The study s subjects were 122 students graduating from the third year of high school in a public school, in a city of São Paulo ABC region. The research was developed in two phases. At first instance, data collection, with the application of a questionnaire, and then, seven written records and a discussion group composed by ten students were carried out. Data revealed that these young people praise the profession, recognize it as crucial in shaping their character, but for the vast majority it does not represent a possible career choice. Such being the case, data allows us to verify that part of the non choice is associated with the romantic vision of the profession: love, talent, vocation, patience and on the other hand it has influences of social, cultural and institutional framework, implemented in the working conditions, devaluation of the profession and low income. For them, math is difficult, complicated and just for those liking it. They justified the non choice with intrinsic aspects because the discipline is boring, complicated and difficult to learn. The math teacher, according to these students, is someone who opted for this profession because he / she is a genius, loves challenges and calculations. We conclude that there is a real need to develop policies and actions to concretely promote the appreciation of the teaching profession, actions that may attract young people to this career and keep them in the profession / O foco central de estudo deste trabalho consiste na investigação e análise dos interesses dos jovens do terceiro ano do Ensino Médio, em relação à escolha ou não da profissão docente. Da mesma forma pretendeu-se refletir sobre os motivos que têm levado os jovens a não optarem pela profissão docente e, especialmente, na área de Matemática. As questões que nortearam esta pesquisa foram: quais são os fatores que determinam a escolha ou não da profissão docente pelos alunos concluintes do terceiro ano do Ensino Médio, de uma escola pública da grande São Paulo? Como estes alunos percebem a profissão docente na disciplina de Matemática e como a vêem enquanto possibilidade de uma futura escolha profissional? Os referenciais teóricos basearam-se em Tenti-Fanfani e Juarez Dayrell para o entendimento acerca do adolescente e do jovem, Silvio Bock no que ser refere às escolhas profissionais, para as análises o estudo apoiou-se em Vigotski, Dussel, Charlot, Candau e Roldão. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram 122 alunos concluintes do terceiro ano de Ensino Médio de uma escola da rede pública, de um município do ABC paulista. A pesquisa desenvolveu-se em duas fases. No primeiro momento, a coleta de dados, com a aplicação de um questionário, e posteriormente, foram realizados sete memoriais e um grupo de discussão composto por dez alunos. Os dados revelaram que estes jovens enaltecem a profissão, reconhecem esta como fundamental na formação de seu caráter, mas para a grande maioria não representa uma possibilidade de escolha profissional. Assim, os dados nos permitiram verificar que parte da não escolha está associada à visão romantizada da profissão: amor, dom, vocação, paciência e por outro lado têm influências de cunho social, cultural e institucional, concretizadas nas condições de trabalho, desvalorização da profissão e baixa remuneração. Para eles a matemática é difícil, complicada e apenas para quem gosta. Justificaram a não escolha com aspectos intrínsecos pelo fato da disciplina ser chata, complicada e difícil de aprender. O professor de matemática, segundo esses alunos, é alguém que escolheu esta profissão porque é um gênio, gosta muito de cálculos e de desafios. Conclui-se que há uma real necessidade de desenvolvimento de políticas e ações que promovam concretamente a valorização da profissão docente, ações que venham à atrair os jovens para essa carreira e mantê-los na profissão

L’attractivité est un objectif marqué pour les élus des villes petites et moyennes prises dans un contexte de décroissance démographique. Ce phénomène les incite en effet à s’investir dans des formes de concurrence territoriale. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans une Convention Industrielle de Formation par la Recherche signée avec l’Agence d’urbanisme Sud Bourgogne, dont le périmètre d’intervention est situé au nord du département de la Saône-et-Loire, entre Chalon-sur-Saône, Le Creusot, Montceau-les-Mines et Autun. Cette particularité a donné lieu à la réalisation de missions opérationnelles directement sur le terrain. Le but de ce travail de recherche est d’interroger la considération de l’attractivité, par le niveau politique de ces villes, au regard de leur profonde dynamique négative. Dans cette logique, la notion d’ « attractivité » a été déconstruite en trois composantes, l’attrait, l’attraction et les accointances, faisant référence aux questions de cadre de vie et de structuration des relations intra et interterritoriales. L’insertion facilitée au périmètre d’études, à travers une structure déjà intégrée localement, a permis la mise en place d’une méthodologie basée sur l’observation participante, complétée par une investigation statistique locale et nationale, qui a conduit à l’identification de deux axes de recherche opérationnelle. Le premier rend compte des potentiels de complémentarité en matière d’aménités, entre les intercommunalités, dans la réflexion d’une démarche interSCoT, alors que le deuxième montre l’opportunité que représente le vieillissement démographique en termes de développement économique, présentiel et productif. Ces éclairages donnent les moyens de comprendre l’attractivité à partir des ressources locales, même quand celles-ci sont habituellement appréhendées comme des indicateurs de la décroissance, et ce, en atténuant la confrontation entre les territoires et en valorisant leur articulation. / Attractiveness is an important objective for the elected representatives of small and medium-sized towns taken in a context of demographic decline. This phenomenon encourages them to invest in forms of territorial competition. This thesis is part of a « Convention Industrielle de Formation par la Recherche » signed with the Agence d’Urbanisme Sud Bourgogne, whose scope of intervention is located in the north of the Saône-et-Loire department, between Chalon-sur- Saone, Le Creusot, Montceau-les-Mines and Autun. This particularity has led to the realization of operational missions directly in the field. The objective of this research is to question the attractiveness of the political level of these cities in terms of their deep negative dynamics. In this context, the notion of « attractiveness » has been deconstructed into three components, « appeal », « attraction » and « acquaintances », referring to issues of living environment and structuring intra and interterritorial relations. The facilitated insertion into the study area, through a structure already integrated locally, made possible to set up a methodology based on participant observation, supplemented by a local and national statistical investigation, which led to the identification of two lines of operational research. The first reports on the potential for complementarity in terms of amenities, between intercommunalities, in the reflection of an interSCoT approach, while the second shows the opportunity represented by demographic ageing in terms of economic development, face to face and productive. These insights provide the tools to understand the attractiveness of local resources, even when they are usually understood as indicators of decay, and this, attenuating the confrontation between territories and enhancing their articulation.

Dans ce travail de thèse, nous avons confronté l’explication du fitness model à celle du stéréotype beautiful is good, afin de mieux saisir l’influence de l’attractivité faciale d’un homme sur les préférences d’une femme. Selon le fitness model, une femme interprèterait l’attractivité faciale d’un homme comme l’indice de sa bonne santé (bonne condition génétique), profitable à la survie et au succès reproducteur de la progéniture. Mais selon des travaux en lien avec l’aisance cognitive (prototype, stéréotype beautiful is good), les traits attractifs et l’attention qu’une femme manifeste pour l’attractivité faciale d’un homme n’auraient pas de valeur reproductive, et s’expliqueraient plutôt en termes de facilité de traitement et d’économie cognitive, qui génèrent des réactions positives. Nous avons eu recours à un logiciel de ‘morphing’ afin de créer des visages artificiels d’hommes dont le genre, la correspondance à une moyenne et la symétrie variaient, et les avons fait évaluer par des femmes françaises et marocaines sur différents points : attractivité faciale, santé, revenus, rencontre, partenaire sur le long terme. Les résultats mettent en évidence que l’influence de l’attractivité faciale sur les préférences des femmes n’aurait pas seulement une valeur reproductive, et que l’économie cognitive permise par le recours au stéréotype beautiful is good expliquerait aussi les préférences. / In this work of thesis, we compared the fitness model explanation with the beautiful is good stereotype point of view to better evaluate the influence of men’s facial attractiveness on women preferences. According to the fitness model, a woman would interpret men’s facial attractiveness as an indicator of their good health (good genetic condition), profitable for the offspring’s survival and reproductive success. But according to studies in the field of cognitive ease (prototype, beautiful is good stereotype), the attractive facial features and the attention that a woman pay to men’s facial attractiveness is explained in terms of easy processing and cognitive economy, which generate positive reactions and would have no reproductive value. We used a software of morphing to create artificial men’s faces among which the masculine vs feminine, the averageness and the symmetry were manipulated. After, we submitted these faces to the evaluation of french and moroccan women on several aspects : facial attractiveness, health, income, meeting, long-term mate. The results suggest that facial attractiveness’s influence on women’s preferences would not only have a reproductive value, and that the cognitive economy allowed by the beautiful is good stereotype would also explain the preferences.

Insurance companies provide financial protection to the general population, but their workforce challenges may destabilize the companies to the point of financial distress. Senior insurance company leaders lack effective strategies to recruit skilled professionals. With contingency theory and resource-based view theory as the framework, the focus in this multicase study was the exploration of the recruiting strategies of human resources (HR) managers in New York City area insurance companies. Four insurance company HR managers were recruited via a purposeful and snowball sampling method for semistructured interviews. These interviews were analyzed through a reflective interpretation process, which was guided by the van Manen method. Additional data were gathered through document analysis of the managers' companies' job postings. Participants reviewed the transcription of the interview by member checking and verifying the commonly identified patterns. The findings included themes such as applying strategy vs. tactics to job postings, building the pipeline before the need arises, and target marketing for the multigenerational workforce. By implementing executive support for strategic management of the recruitment process, insurance companies can overcome the barriers to recruiting qualified candidates. The findings from this study may influence social change by reducing the literature gap, enhancing the learning amongst companies in the insurance industry, and creating jobs in local communities.