- 1 - Abstract The thesis focuses on specific aspects of relationship between the lessor and the lessee with emphasis to the principle of the autonomy of the will and its restrictions. The most significant restrictions occur in the area of rental housing in relation to its substantial social impacts. Increased tenant protection results in decrease of the rights of the other party and it happens so through imperative norms. The purpose of my thesis is to analyze balance between the rights of the parties and the possibility to affect its contents. The introductory part outlines general legislation on the lease law. The following chapters Two and Three deal with terminology, describe the principles on which the relationship of the parties is based and define lease law in terms of rental housing. Chapter four is subdivided into three parts, each of them dealing with different aspects of limitation of the basic principles in relation to specific institutes of the lease law. Part one focuses on unlawful agreements in the contract, part two on the restriction on agreements that would limit the rights given to the lessee and part three describes selected rights given to the lessee. Conclusions are drawn in the Summary chapter and provide an outline of the most significant problems in relationship between the parties.

The standard-form agreements, pejoratively labeled as “adhesion contracts”, have bad reputation. A significant number of academics and most of consumer protection authorities often believe that the absence of negotiation and the preponderance of rights and benefits assigned to suppliers (versus costs, obligations or limitations imposed to consumers) show a kind/ sort of abuse against an alleged weak party of the consumption relationship. In this article, Professor Rodríguez García states that the skeptic and hostile vision regarding the standard-form agreements is wrong and is based on a poor understanding of the incentives and purposes that this type of contractingfulfills. On the contrary, the author intends to state that the control of clauses included in  consumption contracts  is prejudicial to consumers. Therefore,this is a control type that should be removed from the legal system. / Los contratos predispuestos  - peyorativamente conocidos como «contratos de adhesión»—  tienen  mala  fama.  Una  buena porción de académicos y un mayoritario sector de las autoridades de protección al consumidor suelen creer que la ausencia de negociación y la preponderancia de derechos o beneficios asignados al proveedor (versus los costos, obligaciones o limitaciones impuestos al consumidor) revelan una suerte de abuso en contra de una presunta parte débil de la relación de consumo. En este artículo, el profesor Rodríguez García sostiene que la visión hostil o escéptica respecto de los contratos predispuestos es equívoca y se funda en una comprensión pobre de los incentivos y fines que este tipo de contratación desempeña. Por el contrario, el autor pretende poner de manifiesto que el control de las cláusulas contenidas en contratos de consumo perjudica al consumidor y que, por tanto, es una forma de control que debería ser eliminada del sistema legal.

This thesis deals with changes in the scope of autonomy of the devisor's will in the period from 1 January 1812 until the present days. Using the descriptive and analytical method and comparative method, the aim of this thesis is to explicate development of individual institutes of the law of succession, by means of which the devisor could or in particular can manifest his/her autonomy. This thesis is divided into five main parts, which are further divided into chapters and subchapters. The first part of the thesis represents an introductory excursus to the issue of the law of succession and the stress is put on basic principles of the law of succession and historical development thereof. The second part deals with manifestations of autonomy of the devisor's will under effectiveness of ABGB. Attention is paid to individual institutes of the law of succession and development thereof, special part deals with a testament as the most important manifestation of the freedom of disposition. Interpretation of individual institutes is presented in particular in the light of the comments and judicature of the period of the First Czechoslovak Republic. The third part deals with manifestations of autonomy of the devisor's will under effectiveness of the Civil Code of 1950. The third part endeavors to describe...

OF DISSERTATION IN ENGLISH Doctoral Student: JUDr. Kateřina Juřicová Topic of Dissertation: Limitations on Freedom of Contract in the Civil Law Supervisor of Dissertation: Prof. JUDr. Jan Dvořák, CSc. Doctoral Programme of Study: Theoretical Legal Sciences - Civil Law, Univerzita Karlova, Právnická fakulta, katedra občanského práva Date of Closing of Dissertation: 31.12.2019 The dissertation covers the limitations on freedom of contract in civil law and provides with the summary and following analysis of both general and specific limitations on freedom of contract in civil law. The general limitations consist of mandatory rules and stipulations prohibited by law. As part of the analysis of the general limitations both character and distinction between mandatory and non-mandatory rules are analyzed, as well as the criteria for the provisions to be designated as mandatory such as statutory prohibition, stipulations contrary to good morals, public order or the law concerning the status of persons, including the right to protection of personality rights. Similarly, the list of specific limitations on self-authorship describes legal relationships between landlord and tenant, employer and employee or consumer and entrepreneur, various cases in the community property of spouses or contracts with minors,...

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-08-09T13:04:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Victor Hugo Nazário Stuchi.pdf: 1288041 bytes, checksum: e3103842d23072739353efa9cd465503 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-09T13:04:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Victor Hugo Nazário Stuchi.pdf: 1288041 bytes, checksum: e3103842d23072739353efa9cd465503 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The choice of the theme of this doctoral thesis - Applicability and Effectiveness of International Labor Contracts by Autonomy of the Will - arose from the conviction that employment relations have become increasingly internationalized and freedom of choice been proven effective for the solution of conflicts. To this end, it analyzed the private international law, through a brief historical foreshortening, general notions and the sources of this branch of law. In addition, it sought to verify the main elements of the Single Contract of Work, by definition, description, morphology and characteristics. The conclusion was the analysis of the International Working Agreement with the analysis of the connection elements of international standards, particularly the Convention of Rome and Mexico and the defense of the principle of freedom of choice as a connecting element of the Working International Contracts / A escolha do tema da presente tese de doutorado – A Aplicabilidade e a Eficácia Dos Contratos Internacionais de Trabalho pela Autonomia da Vontade – surgiu a partir da convicção de que as relações de emprego têm cada vez mais se internacionalizado e a autonomia da vontade se mostrado eficaz para a solução dos conflitos. Para tanto, analisou-se o Direito Internacional Privado, por meio de um breve escorço histórico, as noções gerais e as fontes desse ramo do Direito. Ademais, buscou-se verificar os principais elementos do Contrato Individual de Trabalho, através da definição, denominação, morfologia e características. A conclusão foi a análise do Contrato Internacional de Trabalho, com a análise dos elementos de conexão, das normas internacionais, em especial as Convenções de Roma e do México e a defesa do princípio da autonomia da vontade como elemento de conexão dos Contratos Internacionais de Trabalho

Submitted by Marlene Aparecida de Souza Cardozo (mcardozo@pucsp.br) on 2016-11-22T15:02:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Elessandra dos Santos Marques Válio.pdf: 479553 bytes, checksum: 1ecbe88268f530c98911929a785b916b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-22T15:02:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elessandra dos Santos Marques Válio.pdf: 479553 bytes, checksum: 1ecbe88268f530c98911929a785b916b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis is committed to investigate the limits of the autonomy of collective will, which willbe based on the historicity and the main concepts of representative bodies of workers andcollective bargaining, focusing especially in Brazil. So, first will discuss the evolution of tradeunion rights in Brazil and internationally, to then enter the justification of autonomy of the will,with its historical evolution in our country, and then deal with social conflicts and developconcept and the principles to be observed relating to collective bargaining, also considering theintrinsic limits to the autonomy of the will. Finally, it is clear in supporting the mostcontemporary vision of the Supreme Court opening the flexibility of labor rights throughcollective bargaining, taking into account the development of freedom of choice and basicparameters of human dignity / A presente tese tem como compromisso investigar os limites impostos à autonomia da vontadecoletiva, o que será feito com base na historicidade e nos principais conceitos dos órgãosrepresentativos dos trabalhadores e da negociação coletiva, focando especialmente no Brasil.Assim, primeiramente se tratará de discorrer sobre a evolução do direito sindical no cenáriobrasileiro e internacional, para, posteriormente, adentrar na justificativa da autonomia da vontadedas partes, com sua evolução histórica em nosso país, e, depois, tratar dos conflitos sociais edesenvolver o conceito e os princípios a serem observados relativos à negociação coletiva,considerando os também intrínsecos limites à autonomia da vontade. Por fim, conclui-se noapoio à visão mais contemporânea do Supremo Tribunal Federal de abertura à flexibilização dosdireitos trabalhistas mediante a negociação coletiva, levando-se em conta o desenvolvimento daautonomia da vontade e parâmetros basilares de dignidade da pessoa humana

Název, abstrakt a klíčová slova v anlickém jazyce New corporate law imperativeness and dispositivity Abstract This dissertation thesis focuses on the basic premise that the autonomy of the will, as a fundamental principle of private law, also applies to corporate law. When researching the imperative and dispositive norms of corporate law, one must examine how the autonomy of the will can be manifested and limited. All the limitations of the autonomy of the will to dispose of its private-law relations are realised through certain limits, which set boundaries that cannot be overstepped by the subjects of legal relations. Therefore, this paper contains the categorisation of the types of restrictions on the autonomy of the wills and the limits through which these types of restrictions on the autonomy of the will are realised. Exploring the limits of the autonomy of the will leads to a preliminary conclusion that all these categories follow a general requirement, that the legal actions should be in accordance with the meaning and purpose of law. The meaning and purpose of a legal norm can be considered as a basic criterion for defining the legal norm as imperative or dispositive. However, it must be emphasised that the limits on the autonomy of the will may be imposed not only by imperative norms, but also by...

The current dissertation is the result of an investigation about the principle of the autonomy of the will. According to Immanuel Kant, the autonomy is the foundation of all morality of the human actions. The autonomy consists in the presentation of the reason for herself of a moral law valid for the will of all rational beings. The moral law is going against the actions that are practiced by selfishness, since she possesses the form of an universal legislation that is expressed in the categorical imperative of the reason. The heteronomy of the will is the principle contrary to the autonomy. Starting from the determination of your will for the moral law the man becomes conscious of your freedom. Consequently, the freedom is what turns possible to the man your self-determination for the moral action. / A presente dissertação é o resultado de uma investigação acerca do princípio da autonomia da vontade. Segundo Immanuel Kant, a autonomia é o fundamento de toda a moralidade das ações humanas. A autonomia consiste na apresentação da razão para si mesma de uma lei moral que é válida para a vontade de todos os seres racionais. A lei moral vai contra as ações que são praticadas por egoísmo, já que ela possui a forma de uma legislação universal que é expressa no imperativo categórico da razão. A heteronomia da vontade é o princípio contrário à autonomia. A partir da determinação de sua vontade pela lei moral o homem torna-se consciente de sua liberdade. Por conseguinte, a liberdade é o que torna possível ao homem sua autodeterminação para a ação moral.

Submitted by PPG Direito (ppgdir@pucrs.br) on 2018-06-04T13:38:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrei_Ferreira_de_Arau?jo_Lima_DIS.pdf: 2336908 bytes, checksum: 566fe92260d6a118f2a36da3cfd3cc73 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-06-11T13:15:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrei_Ferreira_de_Arau?jo_Lima_DIS.pdf: 2336908 bytes, checksum: 566fe92260d6a118f2a36da3cfd3cc73 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-11T13:29:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrei_Ferreira_de_Arau?jo_Lima_DIS.pdf: 2336908 bytes, checksum: 566fe92260d6a118f2a36da3cfd3cc73 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This work is the result of an interdisciplinary study between the Science of Law and Bioethics. It aims to understand the ethical and legal limits of the possible right to die, specifically euthanasia. In order to achieve that goal, we will investigate the conflict and the conformation between the fundamental right to life, to human dignity and the autonomy of the will, taking into account both doctrine and national and international jurisprudence. The main reason for the reincorporation of the subject of euthanasia into the medical and legal debate (both academic and jurisprudential) refers to the fast-moving and efficient evolution of medical science, developing treatments that can prolong the patient?s life, possibly, depending on the sickness, forever. In face of this reality, one can perceive the alteration of certain paradigms of Bioethics, such as the breaking of the paternalistic relationship between doctor and patient, the principle of beneficence according to what would be best for the patient, and the removal of unreasonable obstinacy, based on the autonomy of the will and in human dignity. In this scenario, the patients? rights are increasingly debated and new contour to the state?s duty to protect life are being given, especially when in conflict with the dignity and autonomy of the patient. In this scenario, it?s debated a possible right to die with dignity. This right promotes numerous questions, especially concerning the ethical and legal limits in cases of euthanasia, requiring the establishment of clear criteria, having as a basic principle the maximum protection of the patient?s dignity. It is emphasized that, in spite of the varied forms of assisted death, as well as the recent incorporation of ortotan?sia (term in Portuguese used for terminal patients who decline useless treatments and have their right to die granted) as legal conduct in medical ethics in Brazil, the work seeks to solve questions related to euthanasia. First classifying it, in order to avoid any form of semantic confusion. In the following points it will be discussed as a possible establishment of legal criteria as well as the practical developments, taking into account both the medical deontology and the patient?s fundamental rights. / O presente trabalho de disserta??o ? fruto de um estudo interdisciplinar entre a Ci?ncia do Direito e a Bio?tica, buscando compreender quais s?o os limites ?ticos e jur?dicos relativos a um poss?vel direito ? morte, especificamente ? eutan?sia. Para tanto, se investigar? o conflito e a conforma??o entre os direitos fundamentais ? vida, ? dignidade e ? autonomia, levando em considera??o tanto a doutrina quanto a jurisprud?ncia nacional e internacional. Elucida-se que o principal motivo para a reincopora??o da tem?tica da eutan?sia no debate m?dico e jur?dico (tanto em n?vel acad?mico quanto jurisprudencial), se refere ? r?pida e eficaz evolu??o da ci?ncia m?dica, desenvolvendo tratamentos que possam prolongar a vida de um paciente, por vezes, de modo ad eternum. Frente a essa realidade, se percebe a gradativa altera??o de determinados conceitos da Bio?tica, como a quebra da rela??o paternalista entre m?dico e paciente, o princ?pio da benefic?ncia de acordo com o que seria melhor para o paciente, e o afastamento da obstina??o irrazo?vel, todos calcados na autonomia da vontade e na dignidade da pessoa humana. Nesse cen?rio, os direitos dos pacientes s?o cada vez mais debatidos e o dever de prote??o da vida por parte do Estado passa a receber novos contornos, impondo-se limites ? dimens?o objetiva do direito fundamental ? vida, podendo prevalecer, em casos espec?ficos, a dimens?o subjetiva desse mesmo direito. Dessa rela??o entre vida, dignidade e autonomia, fala-se em um poss?vel direito ? morte digna. Contudo, restam in?meras quest?es quanto aos limites desse direito, tanto em um sentido ?tico quanto jur?dico, pois por mais que se conclua pela exist?ncia de um direito ? morte, necess?rio ser? o estabelecimento de crit?rios, limitando a autonomia dos pacientes, tendo como norte a prote??o m?xima de sua dignidade. Frisa-se que, em que pesem as mais variadas formas de morte assistida, bem como a recente incorpora??o da ortotan?sia como conduta legal na ?tica m?dica brasileira, o trabalho buscar? resolver quest?es relacionadas ? eutan?sia. Primeiro classificando-a, de modo a evitar qualquer forma de confus?o sem?ntica, para nos pontos seguintes estabelecer os crit?rios jur?dicos, bem como os desdobramentos pr?ticos calcados na deontologia m?dica.

L’objet de cette thèse est d’analyser ce que l’on entend par « contrat » et de préciser ce que recouvre cette notion, qui est noyée sous une montagne de doctrine. Après une exploration minutieuse de la notion, qui devra permettre de tracer ses frontières avec les institutions voisines et d’appréhender la diversité des figures contractuelles et leur typologie, il s’agira d’opérer une synthèse de ces observations. La diversification des contrats ne se traduisant pas fatalement par un émiettement de la notion, la synthèse proposée sera unitaire. Prenant appui sur les diverses acceptions de la notion de contrat retenues au fil du temps (conception volontariste, conception normativiste…), la présente thèse brossera un portrait de la notion de contrat en en proposant une analyse renouvelée, tant dans sa dimension volontariste que dans sa dimension normative. La notion de contrat apparaîtra alors, débarrassée de tout dogme idéologique, comme une combinaison complexe d’éléments subjectifs et d’éléments objectifs. / The purpose of this thesis is to analyse and clarify what is understood by the notion of “contract”, buried as it is under mountains of doctrinal writings. After a detailed exploration of the general concept, which should enable demarcation of its boundaries with related institutions and give an appreciation of the diversity of contracts and their typology, the aim is to achieve a synthesis of these observations. As the diversity of contracts should not necessarily result in fragmentation of the basic notion, the proposed synthesis will be unitary. Building on the diverse interpretations over the years of the concept of contract (autonomy of the will theory, normative theory...) this thesis, after outlining the concept of contract in both its “voluntarist” and normative aspects, will propose a renewed analysis thereof. The notion of contract will then appear as a complex combination of objective and subjective elements, free of ideological dogma.