NICOLAU, Marcos Fábio Alexandre. O conceito de Formação Cultural (Bildung) em Hegel. 2013. 205f. – Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza (CE), 2013. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-10-07T17:12:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013-TESE-MFANICOLAU.pdf: 1242215 bytes, checksum: 382feeb34af22af16736c455c79ab6fe (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-10-07T17:34:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2013-TESE-MFANICOLAU.pdf: 1242215 bytes, checksum: 382feeb34af22af16736c455c79ab6fe (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-07T17:34:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013-TESE-MFANICOLAU.pdf: 1242215 bytes, checksum: 382feeb34af22af16736c455c79ab6fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Diese Doktorarbeit diskutiert den Begriff der Bildung bei G. W. F. Hegel (1770-1831), um zu erfassen, wie der Philosoph die Bildung in seinen Werken behandelt. Zu diesem Zweck wird die Entstehung des deutschen Schulsystems analysiert, um den kulturellen Ideengehalt im europäischen 18. und 19. Jahrhundert zu begreifen und die hegelsche Perspektive auf eine Lösung für das pädagogische Problem, „Was ist die beste Art, den Menschen zu erziehen?“, das jedem Bildungsprojekt zu Grunde liegt, zu kontextualisieren. Durch eine immanente Lektüre der Texte Phänomenologie des Geistes (1807), Nürnberger Gymnasialkurse und Gymnasialreden (1808-1816) und Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts (1821) soll somit der Begriff der Bildung in Hegels philosophischem System erfasst werden. / A tese empreende uma discussão sobre o conceito de Formação Cultural (Bildung) em G. W. F. Hegel (1770-1831), buscando apreender como o filósofo aborda a educação em suas obras. Para tal, analiso a formação do sistema escolar alemão com a finalidade de compreender o ideário cultural dos séculos XVIII e XIX europeu, contextualizando a perspectiva hegeliana de solução ao problema pedagógico, a saber, “Qual a melhor forma de educar o homem?”, imposto a todo e qualquer projeto educacional. Através de uma leitura imanente de textos da Fenomenologia do Espírito (1807), dos Discursos sobre Educação (1808-1816), e da Filosofia do Direito (1821), viso apreender o conceito de Formação Cultural em seu sistema filosófico.

This diploma thesis deals with topic of Bildung as tradition of ideas, it's predecessors and followers. In first part thesis provide terminological background to correctly grasp the wide of term Bildung. This is because the term is handed differently by different thinkers. The second part concentrates on genesis and evolution of tradition of Bildung. This part starts with J. A. Comenius and his humanist opinions about nature of world, continues with I. Kant and his ethical and pedagogical ideas to W. von Humboldt and J. H. Newman. These two thinkers are presented as two main figures of Bildung tradition in nineteenth century. Third part is concerned about shifts and changes that terms knowledge and education underwent in twentieth century. The third part deals with theories of T. W. Adorno and K. P. Liessmann which are built around topic of crisis of knowledge in contemporary world.

Denna undersökning riktar sig till intresserade av (musik)lärarutbildning och (musik)undervisning, på tema utbyte och utbytesstudier. Syftet med denna studie är att med utgångspunkt i ett studentperspektiv, beskriva ett utbyte i form av en utbyteskurs mellan Musikhögskolan i Örebro och motsvarande skolform vid University of Delaware i USA. Empiri har i huvudsak samlats genom fokusgruppsamtal. I diskussionen presenteras en modell över det huvudsakliga resultatet. Det visade sig bland annat att studenterna hade förväntningar på utbytet som existerade på ”olika nivåer”. Dessa utgjordes av att genom kursen få en djupare inblick i en annan kultur, och att nå insikt i hur demokrati-jämlikhet-genus kan förstås i de respektive länderna. Det fanns också en förväntan om att lära om (musik)studier och olika skolformer, samt förväntningar på att ”ta med sig” hem, gällande exempelvis undervisningsmetoder. Den sistnämnda nivån utgjorde en central och återkommande förväntan på utbytet. Det visade sig också att de båda musikhögskolornas förväntningar gick i linje med studenternas förväntningar, och att skolornas förväntningar (med vissa undantag) kan betraktas som infriade.

Verschwörungstheorien haben Hochkonjunktur. Jedoch gibt es kaum wissenschaftliche Literatur, die sich mit diesem Phänomen beschäftigen, vor allem nicht auf dem Gebiet der politischen Bildung. Diese Staatsexamensarbeit soll eine Annäherung an Verschwörungstheorien sein und beschäftigt sich insbesondere mit den Erfahrungen von Politiklehrer/innen mit Konspirationen.

This article aimes at tracing the spiritual dimension of educational ideas and methods. The scientific project observes spirituality in different pedagogical spheres of life. In searching for spiritual experiences a myriad of distinguished reports can be found. The author tries to structure these various reports and to develop different tools to describe substance and essence of spirituality, its scientific theory and its epistemological foundation. In the last chapters the spiritual dimensions of mathematical literacy and the axiomatic method are discussed. These dimensions may support enthusiasm, estimation and value guidance in education.

No description available.

ERGEBNISSE, REZEPTION UND KONSEQUENZEN DES ERSTEN PISA-ZYKLUS IN SACHSEN UND ENGLAND Eine vergleichende Betrachtung unter besonderer Beachtung des Standpunktes von Lehrern an allgemeinbildenden Schulen

Educational robotics is an innovative approach to teaching and learning a variety of different concepts and skills as well as motivating students in the field of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education. This especially applies to educational robotics competitions such as, for example, the FIRST LEGO League, the RoboCup Junior, or the World Robot Olympiad as out-of-school and goal-oriented approach to educational robotics. These competitions have gained greatly in popularity in recent years and thousands of students participate in these competitions worldwide each year. Moreover, the corresponding technology became more accessible for teachers and students to use it in their classrooms and has arguably a high potential to impact the nature of science education at all levels. One skill, which is said to be benefitting from educational robotics, is problem solving. This thesis understands problem solving skills as engineering design skills (in contrast to scientific inquiry). Problem solving skills count as important skills as demanded by industry leaders and policy makers in the context of 21st century skills, which are relevant for students to be well-prepared for their future working life in today’s world, shaped by an ongoing process of automation, globalization, and digitalization. The overall aim of this thesis is to try to answer the question if educational robotics competitions such as the World Robot Olympiad (WRO) have a positive impact on students’ learning in terms of their problem solving skills (as part of 21st century skills). In detail, this thesis focuses on a) if students can improve their problem solving skills through participation in educational robotics competitions, b) how this skill development is accomplished, and c) the teachers’ support of their students during their learning process in the competition. The corresponding empirical studies were conducted throughout the seasons of 2018 and 2019 of the WRO in Germany. The results show overall positive effects of the participation in the WRO on students’ learning of problem solving skills. They display an increase of students’ problem solving skills, which is not moderated by other variables such as the competition’s category or age group, the students’ gender or experience, or the success of the teams at the competition. Moreover, the results indicate that students develop their problem solving skills by using a systematic engineering design process and sophisticated problem solving strategies. Lastly, the teacher’s role in the educational robotics competitions as manager and guide (in terms of the constructionist learning theory) of the students’ learning process (especially regarding the affective level) is underlined by the results of this thesis. All in all, this thesis contributes to the research gap concerning the lack of systematic evaluation of educational robotics to promote students’ learning by providing more (methodologically) sophisticated research on this topic. Thereby, this thesis follows the call for more rigorous (quantitative) research by the educational robotics community, which is necessary to validate the impact of educational robotics. / Die Robotik stellt einen handlungsorientierten („hands-on“) Zugang zur Bildung in Mathematik, Informatik, Naturwissenschaften und Technik (MINT) dar. Dabei fördert sie das Lernen von Schülerinnen und Schülern nicht nur auf kognitiver Ebene, sondern trägt auch zu einer erhöhten Motivation und erhöhtem Interesse bei (affektive Ebene). In den letzten Jahren erfreuen sich gerade Roboterwettbewerbe als außerschulisches Lernangebot steigender Beliebtheit und verzeichnen weltweit jährlich wachsende Teilnehmerzahlen. Beispiele dafür sind die FIRST LEGO League, der RoboCup Junior und die World Robot Olympiad. Zudem steigt auch die Verfügbarkeit der nötigen Robotersysteme für Schülerinnen und Schüler sowie Lehrkräfte, um sie in der Schule einzusetzen und damit verschiedenste Lerninhalte in allen Jahrgangsstufen zu vermitteln. Ein Lerninhalt, der durch die Robotik besonders gefördert werden können soll, ist das Problemlösen. Problemlösen wird in dieser Arbeit als ingenieurwissenschaftliche Denk- und Arbeitsweise verstanden (im Gegensatz zu naturwissenschaftlichen Denk- und Arbeitsweisen). Das Problemlösen gilt dabei als eine wichtige Fähigkeit im Kontext von sog. 21st century skills. Diese beschreiben wichtige Fähigkeiten für die Arbeitswelt von morgen. Sie resultieren aus einer fortschreitenden Automatisierung, Globalisierung und Digitalisierung unserer Welt und werden regelmäßig von Vertretern von Industrie und Politik gefordert. Eine Forschungslücke stellt aber weiterhin die unzureichende systematische wissenschaftliche Forschung und Evaluation hinsichtlich des positiven Einflusses der Robotik auf das Lernen dar. Die fehlende Systematik geht dabei vor allem die Verwendung wenig aussagekräftiger Methodik (z.B. deskriptive Erfahrungsberichte von einzelnen Lehrkräften) zurück. Das übergreifende Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, zu untersuchen, ob eine Teilnahme an der World Robot Olympiad (WRO) (als Beispiel für einen beliebten Roboterwettbewerb) einen positiven Einfluss auf die Problemlösefähigkeiten (als Teil der 21st century skills) der Schülerinnen und Schüler hat. Dabei wird im Detail untersucht, a) ob die Problemlösefähigkeiten der Schülerinnen und Schüler durch eine Teilnahme an Roboterwettbewerben verbessert werden können, b) wie diese Verbesserung zustande kommt und c) wie die Team-Coaches die Schülerinnen und Schüler während ihres Lernprozesses unterstützen. Die dazu durchgeführten empirischen Studien fanden in den beiden Jahren 2018 und 2019 im Rahmen der WRO in Deutschland statt. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit zeigen einen insgesamt positiven Einfluss einer Teilnahme an der WRO auf die Problemlösefähigkeiten der Schülerinnen und Schüler. Dies zeigt sich in einer Verbesserung ihrer Problemlösefähigkeiten durch die Teilnahme, die nicht durch andere Variablen wie der Kategorie und Altersklasse der WRO, dem Geschlecht und der Erfahrung der Schülerinnen und Schüler sowie deren Erfolg beim Roboterwettbewerb moderiert wurde. Die Verbesserung der Problemlösefähigkeiten erfolgt durch die Verwendung von systematischen ingenieurwissenschaftlichen Denk- und Arbeitsweisen sowie fortgeschrittenen Problemlösestrategien. Die Rolle des Team-Coaches als Manager und Lernbegleiter (im Sinne einer konstruktionistischen Didaktik) im Roboterwettbewerb (besonders bezüglich der affektiven Ebene) wird durch die Ergebnisse der Arbeit ebenfalls unterstrichen. Zusammenfassend lässt sich also sagen, dass diese Arbeit einen Beitrag hinsichtlich der Forschungslücke leistet und damit dem Aufruf der Community nach weiterer (quantitativer) wissenschaftlicher Forschung nachkommt, der nötig ist, um den positiven Einfluss der Robotik auf das Lernen der Schülerinnen und Schüler zu bestätigen.

In Deutschland und den USA engagiert sich die unternehmerische Philanthropie zunehmend in der Allgemeinbildung, während der letzten Dekade vor allem in den „MINT“ und den „STEM“ Fächern. Hierzu gibt es bisher kaum systematische Studien. Diese vergleichende Arbeit untersucht, warum und wie sich Unternehmen in diesen Bereichen engagieren, und wie sich ihre Rolle in der Bildung verändert. Die Studie beruht auf einer historischen Analyse der Rolle von Unternehmen in der Bildung seit 1945 und auf Interviews mit Experten aus dem MINT- und STEM-Bereich. Die wichtigsten Befunde der Studie sind: (1) Zuvor überwiegend in der dualen Bildung aktiv, begannen deutsche Unternehmen in den frühen 2000er Jahren u.a. als Reaktion auf den PISA-Schock, sich philanthropisch in der allgemeinen Schulbildung zu engagieren. (2) Unternehmerische Philanthropie führten die MINT und STEM Bildungsbewegung an. Aufgrund ihrer etablierten, gut vernetzten und vielfach finanzkräftigeren Stiftungen gelang es US-amerikanischen Unternehmen besser als deutschen, das Thema ins öffentliche Bewusstsein zu rücken, Ressourcen zu erschließen und Änderungen in der Bildungspolitik zu erwirken. (3) Unternehmen und deren Stiftungen wurden in erster Linie durch Entwicklungen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt, langfristige ökonomische Überlegungen und die Notwendigkeit zur Innovation motiviert, sich zu engagieren; aufgrund unterschiedlicher demographischer Aspekte und Entwicklungen in der Bildung fanden sich Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Ländern. (4) In Deutschland und den USA agiert die unternehmerische Philanthropie zunehmend strategisch, d.h. sie handelt ergebnisorientiert und achtet auf Skalierbarkeit ihrer Aktivitäten. Dies hat das Engagement von Unternehmen in der Bildungspolitik verstärkt und die Anforderung der Wirtschaft in den Fokus gerückt. Manche US-amerikanische Unternehmen haben begonnen, Berufsbildungswege zu schaffen, was bisher nicht die Regel war. / Corporate philanthropy is active in K-12 education in Germany and the U.S. but there is minimal research about it. Over the last decade corporate philanthropic actors in both countries have become active in STEM* education (in Germany, MINT). This comparative study is about why and how they decided to invest in these initiatives and how that is tied to their traditional roles in education. It leans on the history of company involvement in education since 1945 and on interviews with experts active in the STEM and MINT education scenes. The main findings are: (1) As a result of the PISA shock and other factors, German companies that traditionally engaged only in vocational education have become active in general K-12 education. (2) Corporate philanthropy led the STEM and MINT education movements. However, U.S. companies and their foundations, with decades of philanthropic experiences and networks in education, were more successful in raising awareness, organizing resources, and achieving policy changes at the federal level. (3) Companies and their foundations were driven to invest in STEM and MINT education largely by workforce, long-term innovation, and economic concerns but there were key differences because of the differing demographic and education trends in the two countries. (4) In the U.S. and Germany, corporate philanthropy is attempting to be more strategic. This has resulted in a focus on outcome-based measurements and scalability but has also led to more investments in nonprofit and policy organizations instead of schools or their booster clubs. It has also resulted in corporate philanthropy better aligning with company competencies and needs, which made STEM and MINT ideal. In the case of the U.S., this has also resulted in some companies creating vocational programs, an area of education most companies avoided in the past. *STEM= Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math MINT= Mathematik, Informatik, Naturwissenschaften und Technik

A pesquisa tem por objeto de estudo as dispersões das racionalidades formativas: o modo como, em nossa época, a ideia de formação, compreendida como ato de interferência educativa nos modos de existir individuais e/ou coletivos, tem-se difundido em espaços e relações cada vez mais cotidianas que em muito ultrapassam o ambiente escolar. Levando em conta o contexto dos estudos de base pós-estruturalista realizados, sobretudo, a partir das análises foucaultianas, o trabalho se pauta no mapeamento de saturações discursivas em torno da questão da formação, encarando-a como um elemento fundamental das razões biopolíticas que encontraram na vida individual, principalmente a partir da emergência do liberalismo, algumas possibilidades efetivas de se governar. De inspirações cartográficas e a partir de uma releitura do conceito de mitologia de Roland Barthes, o estudo focaliza, em um primeiro momento, a identificação do que foram considerados mitos formativos fundamentais representações de representações que constroem figuras socialmente naturalizadas associadas, no caso, à formação docente. A partir dessas reflexões, donde derivaram seis mitos formativos essenciais a formação complexa, a formação múltipla, a formação mensurável, a formação competente, a formação aconselhável, a formação reformável , busca-se na segunda etapa de pesquisa definir a maneira como tal mitologia se dispersa, por um lado, em discursos oficiais, tomados de dispositivos da legislação educacional e produções de organismos internacionais e, por outro, em falas cotidianas dispersas, voltadas à formação para a vida e para o trabalho, mediante a análise de exemplares de um periódico semanal de grande circulação nacional e de transcrições de discussões promovidas no âmbito de um evento pautado na formação do trabalhador. As análises permitiram a construção de um mapa de operações discursivas capazes de integrar a formatividade a questões associadas à laboralidade e aos modos de existir. Do que resulta a construção de um amálgama que, se por determinados movimentos promove a valorização de um sentido moral da formatividade já presente na noção iluminista de bildung, atualizando-a e imprimindo-lhe algumas inversões, por meio de outros integra tais produções em um caminho de preparo pessoal. Esse caminho termina por imprimir ao ato de formar(-se) uma ênfase acima de tudo instrumental, convertendo o bom homem em um bom trabalhador e garantindo a sua própria existência um sentido, acima de tudo, funcional. A viabilização das racionalidades que possibilitam tal configuração se dá a partir de processos dispersivos inerentes ao dispositivo da formação atual: há dispersões pela complexidade, pela chancela social, pela liquidez das aquisições, pelo engajamento individual, pela qualificação de saberes e pela parceria coletiva. Tais modos de espalhamento terminam por dar à questão formativa contemporânea traços epidêmicos, capazes de englobar a cotidianidade a partir de razões que estão, antes de tudo, associadas a formas de consumir e de permanecer mercadologicamente viável: uma hiperformatividade, portanto, capaz de converter a própria vida em um processo constante de preparação para algo. / This research has as its object of study the dispersions of the formative rationalities: the way in which, in our time, the idea of formation, understood as act of educative interference in the individual and/or collective modes of being, has spread towards ever more quotidian spaces and relations that reach far beyond the school sphere. Taking into account the context of post-structuralist studies chiefly based on Foucauldian analyses, this work is based on mapping out discursive saturations around the issue of formation, seeing it as a fundamental element of the biopolitical rationale that has found in the individual life, mainly since the emergence of liberalism, effective possibilities of governing. Of cartographical inspiration, and based on a rereading of Roland Barthes concept of mythology, the study focuses firstly on identifying what have been regarded as fundamental formative myths representations of representations that construct socially naturalized images associated, in the present case, to teacher formation. From these reflections, whence six social formative myths were derived the complex formation, the multiple formation, the measurable formation, the competent formation, the advisable formation, the reformable formation , one seeks, during the second stage of the research, to define the way in which such mythology is dispersed, on the one hand, in official discourses laden with educational legislation and productions of international organisms and, on the other hand, in dispersed daily discourses focused on the formation for life and for work, through the analysis of issues of a weekly periodical of large national circulation and of transcriptions of discussions promoted within an event targeted at the formation of workers. The analyses allowed the construction of a map of discursive operations capable of integrating formativity and questions associated to the sphere of labor and to the modes of being. From that results the construction of an amalgam which, if through some movements promotes the valuation of a moral sense of formativity already present in the Enlightenment notion of Bildung, bringing it up to date and giving it some inversions, through other movements integrates such productions into a path of personal preparation. This path ends up conferring to the act of forming (oneself) an emphasis which is above all instrumental, converting the good man into a good worker, and endowing his very existence with a meaning which is above all functional. The coming into being of the rationalities that allow such configuration takes place from dispersive processes inherent to the device of modern formation: there are dispersions through complexity, through the social seal of approval, through the liquidity of acquisitions, through individual commitment, through the qualification of knowledges and through collective partnership. Such modes of spreading eventually give to the contemporary formative question rather epidemic contours, capable of encompassing the daily life through reasons that are, above all, associated to forms of consuming and of remaining viable in market terms: a hyperformativity, therefore, capable of converting life itself in a process of constant preparation for something.