Esta dissertação problematiza o discurso da expertise neurocientífica no que se refere à produção de verdade acerca da caracterização de uma ética, uma moral e uma ontologia humana a partir da concepção das Neurociências. Inspirado no referencial teóricometodológico que Gilles Deleuze denominou de cartografia foucaultiana e na arqueologia de Foucault, o estudo tem como objetivo examinar e descrever o discurso midiatizado das Neurociências – designado como neurodiscurso –, no que tange ao objeto da pesquisa, e mapear diagramas de poder entre práticas discursivas e meios não discursivos relacionados com a dispersão do neurodiscurso nas práticas culturais e políticas da contemporaneidade. A problematização é derivada da trilogia foucaultiana saber-poder-si e das três esferas derivadas da concepção de biopoder contemporâneo, tal como apresentado por Paul Rabinow e Nikolas Rose: discursos experts verdadeiros; jogos de poder; modos de subjetivação. Os referenciais do campo da Saúde Mental Coletiva, a problematização acerca da moral realizada por Friedrich Nietzsche e a concepção de biopolítica proposta por Nikolas Rose também irão compor o solo epistemológico e dar subsídios às análises. Como corpus foram selecionadas para análise entrevistas de neurocientistas publicadas em páginas digitais de veículos de comunicação de ampla divulgação. Os enunciados selecionados foram reinterpretados a partir de determinadas formações discursivas. A designação humano demasiado orgânico, aqui, é tomada para dar visibilidade ao emergente modo de o ser humano pensar, interpretar, julgar e definir a si mesmo a partir de uma compreensão somática. Esse processo, no âmbito das Neurociências, tem sido identificado por diferentes autores como a aparição de uma nova figura antropológica, que busca redefinir filosoficamente a concepção de humanidade: o Sujeito Cerebral. O discurso das Neurociências tem constituído uma dada política de verdade acerca da ontologia humana por meio de fluxos de poder entre distintos domínios: um saber delimitado historicamente, o Cerebralismo; sua dispersão na cultura – as Neuroculturas; sua versão como estratégia biopolítica – as Neuropolíticas; a configuração de uma determinada figura de humanidade: o Homo neuronal; o surgimento de novos modos de subjetivação e de práticas sociais individuais e coletivas: o Sujeito Cerebral, as neuroasceses, e as neurossociabilidades – e um determinado projeto teleológico, denominado por Lucien Sfez como utopia da saúde perfeita. Como a caracterização desse discurso em larga medida tem sido atravessado pelo ideário biopolítico neoliberal, a problematização deste estudo evoca a recusa a formas de subjetividades coercitivas que correspondam a projetos reducionistas e totalitários de poder, e enseja a abertura a perspectivas ontológicas que criem novas possibilidades de compreensão de si e à invenção de formas de vida não fascistas. / This thesis discusses the discourse of neuroscience expertise with regard to the production of truth about the characterization of an ethics, a moral and a human ontology from the Neuroscience framework. Inspired by the theoretical framework that Gilles Deleuze called Foucauldian cartography and in Foucault's archeology, the study aims to examine and describe the mediatized discourse of Neuroscience – designated as neurodiscourse – with respect to the object of the research, and to map power diagrams between discursive practices and not discursive means related to the dispersion of the neurodiscourse in the cultural and political practices of contemporaneity. The questioning is derived from Foucault's trilogy knowledge-power-self and the three spheres derived from the notion of contemporary biopower as presented by Paul Rabinow and Nikolas Rose: true expert speeches; power games; modes of subjectivity. Works from the field of Public Mental Health, the questioning about the moral performed by Friedrich Nietzsche and the concept of biopolitics proposed by Nikolas Rose will also compose the epistemological ground and support analysis. As corpus were selected for analysis interviews with neuroscientists published in digital pages of full disclosure from media companies. The selected statements were reinterpreted from certain discursive formations. The designation human too organic, here, is taken to give visibility to the emerging ways humans think, interpret, judge and define itself from a somatic understanding. This process, in the context of Neuroscience, has been identified by different authors as the appearance of a new anthropological figure, which seeks to redefine the philosophical conception of humanity: the Cerebral Subject. The discourse of Neuroscience has given determined truth policy about human ontology through power flows between different areas: a knowledge delimited historically, cerebralism; its spread in the culture – the neurocultures; his version as biopolitics strategy – Neuropolitics; the settle of a determined figure of humanity: Homo neuronal; the emergence of new forms of subjectivity and individual and collective social practices: the Cerebral Subject, the neuroasceses, and neurosociabilities – and a certain teleological project, named by Lucien Sfez as utopia of perfect health. Since the characterization of this discourse to a large extent has been crossed by the ideology neoliberal biopolitics, the questioning of this study evokes the refusal to forms of coercive subjectivities that match reductionist and totalitarian projects of power, and entails the opening to ontological perspectives that create new possibilities for understanding of the self and the invention of non-fascist life forms.

Esta Tese tem o objetivo de problematizar como a inclusão escolar, como um processo político-educacional, se intensifica na sociedade atual. Discuto como a inclusão escolar está implicada na inclusão social em termos de cidadania, de participação e de acesso a diferentes espaços sociais. O problema central aqui tratado é a discussão de que na atualidade não é suficiente integrar os sujeitos, mas é preciso incluí-los na vida escolar e social da sua comunidade. Utilizo os conceitos de governamentalidade, governamento, biopoder e norma para compreender algumas práticas de inclusão escolar e social e suas estratégias a partir das noções desenvolvidas por Michel Foucault. A investigação foi construída a partir de dois eixos: os significados de inclusão e o governamento dos sujeitos. Para realizar o trabalho, tomei como material de pesquisa alguns documentos internacionais e nacionais, assim como alguns artigos de revistas nacionais direcionadas a educadores. O modo como vi e interagi com os materiais levou-me a organizá-los pela ordem da regulamentação e pela ordem da regulação. O primeiro eixo tem por finalidade verificar quais os significados e os usos que têm sido atribuídos à inclusão escolar. Analiso as rupturas e as continuidades provocadas pelos discursos inclusivos, mostrando suas implicações com a própria constituição da sociedade contemporânea. No segundo eixo proposto, problematizo as noções de regulamentação e de regulação como formas de prevenção do risco social. Penso que a inclusão escolar e social está diretamente envolvida com a produção de sujeitos mais autônomos e autorregulados, ou seja, com a produção de formas de viver na Contemporaneidade. / This Dissertation aims to problematize how school inclusion, as a political-educational process, becomes intensified in the current society. I discuss the way school inclusion is intertwined with social inclusion in terms of citizenship, participation, and access to different social spaces. The main issue of this Dissertation is the discussion that, currently, it is not enough to integrate subjects, but it is necessary to include them in the school and social life of their community. Based on the ideas developed by Michel Foucault, I make use of the concepts of governmentality, governance, bio-power, and norm, in order to understand some practices of school and social inclusion and their strategies. The investigation was constructed from two axes: the meanings of inclusion and the governance of the subjects. To do the work, I used as research material some international and national documents, as well as some articles from national journals directed toward educators. The way I approached and interacted with the material led me to organize them by two main concepts: rulemaking and regulation. The first axis aims to verify which meanings and uses have been attributed to school inclusion. I analyze the ruptures and continuities provoked by inclusive discourses, showing their implications in the constitution of contemporary society. On the second axis proposed, I problematize the notions of rulemaking and regulation as ways to prevent social risk. I believe that school and social inclusion are directly involved with the production of more autonomous and self-regulated subjects, that is, with the production of ways of living in Contemporaneity.

Orientador: Maria Helena Salgado Bagnato / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T22:29:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renovato_RogerioDias_D.pdf: 7409557 bytes, checksum: e204534a415535dba49ecc8ce6bf4e1b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa tem como objeto principal o estudo das práticas educativas em saúde (PES), sob a perspectiva da multirreferencialidade, que propõe a construção do conhecimento como resultado sempre incompleto de uma conjugação de saberes disciplinares. Entendo que essa pesquisa se aproxima do campo histórico-cultural, tendo como objetivo problematizar as PES em contextos históricos particulares, e assim compreender se elas contribuíram na constituição de subjetividades, a partir de seus discursos, com suas intencionalidades e racionalidades. E assim perceber como e quando as PES emergiram como tema, como discurso e como preocupação histórica. Para essa análise-compreensão utilizei como eixos analíticos, o conceito da vulnerabilidade, os estudos culturais e o biopoder e seus deslocamentos. A respeito dos recortes realizados, afirmo que não ocorreram a priori. E sim, a partir dos diálogos e embates com as fontes históricas selecionadas, percebendo nesses emaranhados de discursos, a relevância de espaços e tempos em que se concretizaram as PES. Nas primeiras décadas da República, as PES aparecem como dispositivos que auxiliaram na construção de subjetividades, trazendo para essa população inculta os comportamentos considerados saudáveis naquela época. Esses discursos circularam em espaços, como as escolas primárias e centros de saúde na cidade de São Paulo, em consonância com os saberes da higiene, tentando atingir a consciência sanitária. No Serviço Especial de Saúde Publica (1942-1960), o enfoque inicial das PES recaía sobre as crianças, sobre as professoras primárias, sobre os clubes de saúde, em outro momento posterior, o adulto foi selecionado como sujeito dessas práticas educativas. Percebi deslocamentos nas estratégias educativas, das palestras aos métodos fundamentados no aprender a fazer, na perspectiva da participação. No entanto, as condições sociais do homem rural no Vale do Amazonas e no Vale do Rio Doce ainda eram muito precárias, visto que a proposição de soluções restringia-se ao nível técnico. Sem contar a extensa área de atuação do Serviço Especial de Saúde Pública, que dificultava a disseminação dessa concepção, em um Brasil tão heterogêneo, cenário de negociações e disputais locais. Na contemporaneidade, as PES se deparam ainda com a presença dos modelos tradicionais, que tem na pedagogia da informação e na coerção, resquícios de práticas autoritárias. Em outro momento, as PES trazem as concepções da Reforma Sanitária, do sujeito emancipado, do enfrentamento e da luta contra opressão social. Com o avanço do neoliberalismo, outras e novas matrizes identitárias circularam rapidamente, construindo novas subjetividades, como a do sujeito ativo. Assim, a compreensão das PES, como práticas biomédicas, sociais, políticas e culturais se encontram no fio cortante da tradução e da negociação, o entre-lugar, o terceiro espaço que se estabelece no encontro com o outro; nessa relação de fronteira de saberes, saberes compartilhados imersos em representações provisórias, em histórias e narrativas de sujeitos / Abstract: This research has as its main object, the study of the health education practices (HEP), over the perspective of multi references, which proposes the construction of knowledge as an always incomplete result of a conjugation of disciplinary knowledge. It is understood that this research approaches the historic - cultural field, having as an objective to problematize the HEP in private and historical contexts, and this way, understand if they contributed in the constitution of the subjectivities, starting from its speeches, with its intentionalities and rationalities. And this way realize how and when the HEP emerged as a theme, as a speech and as a historical concern. For this analysis - comprehension, I will use as analytical axes, the concept of vulnerability, the cultural studies and biopower and its displacements. Concerning clippings made, I affirm they did not happen a priori. And so, from the dialogues and collisions with the selected historical sources, realizing in this tangle of speeches, the relevance of spaces and times in which the HEP were achieved. In the first decades of the Republic, the HEP appeal' as devices which help in the constructions of subjectivities, bringing to this hidden population the behavior considered healthy at the time. These speeches circulated in spaces, like the primary schools and health centers in São Paulo, in consonance with the knowledge of hygiene, trying to hit the sanitary conscience. On the Serviço Especial de Saúde Pública (1942 - 1960), the initial focus of the HEP fell over children, over primary teachers, over health clubs, and in a posterior moment, the adult was selected as a subject of these educational practices. I noticed displacements in the educational strategies, from the lectures to the methods reasoned on learning to do, on the perspective of participation. However, the social conditions of the rural man at the Vale do Amazonas and at the Vale do Rio Doce were still very precarious, considering that the proposition of solutions was restricted to technical level. Not to mention the extensive area of actuation of the Serviço Especial de Saúde Pública, which made the dissemination of this concept harder, in such a heterogeneous Brazil, scenery of negotiations and local disputes. In contemporaneity, the HEP encounter themselves even more with the presence of the traditional models, which have in pedagogy of information and coercion, vestiges of authoritarian practices. In another moment, the HEP bring the conceptions of the Sanitary Renovation, the emancipated subject, the coping and the fight against social oppression. With the advance of Neoliberalism, these and new identity matrices circled quickly, building new subjectivities, as the one of the active subject. This way, the comprehension of the HEP, as biomedical, social, political and cultural practices find themselves in the cutting wire of the translation and negotiation, the between - place, the third space which establishes in the meeting with the other, in this relationship of border of knowledge, shared knowledge, submerged in provisory representations, in stories and narratives of subjects / Doutorado / Ensino, Avaliação e Formação de Professores / Doutor em Educação

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:55:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 17-06-2LIDO PRONTA.pdf: 1216250 bytes, checksum: a75af8148d02d17246013f7394ec3a4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The researched focused on reflections and analyses of the body and biopower agency in short stories from two Rubem Fonseca's works. Secreções, excreções e desatinos (2010) and Axilas e outras histórias indecorosas (2011). From studies about today's body lauding and forms of social body control by defined aesthetical patterns, we have sought to understand how Fonseca's narration reveals a society being a hostage of biopower mechanisms. The general goal was to understand how the power and biopower works in the social field and how people nowadays perceive and approach the docile body. More specifically, we have sought to learn how the abject, abnormal and impure body is approached along the narrations and how the short stories portrait characters who are always bothered by their physical appearance. The theoretical support was possible through readings about the theme which concerned the literature, sociology and anthropology, such as Foucault (1985; 1998; 2000; 2007; 2010), Baudrillard (1995), Le Breton (2003; 2005; 2010) and Douglas (1976). To reach the proposed goal, we support the research with the theoretical assumptions of Literary Critics and Compared Literature. This work is, therefore, a bibliographical research. With eigth short stories selected from the cited books, we understand that, in Fonseca's narration, there is a criticism / A pesquisa ora apresentada focalizou-se em reflexões e análises envolvendo a temática do corpo e do agenciamento do biopoder em contos selecionadas de duas obras de Rubem Fonseca: Secreções, excreções e desatinos (2010) e Axilas e outras histórias indecorosas (2011). A partir de estudos sobre o enaltecimento do corpo na atualidade e das formas de controle do corpo social depreendidas por meio de padrões esteticamente definidos, procura-se entender como as entrelinhas da narrativa fonsequiana revela uma sociedade refém dos mecanismos do biopoder. Com o propósito de nortear a investigação, traçamos, como objetivo geral, entender o funcionamento do poder e do biopoder dentro do campo social e como o corpo dócil é compreendido e abordado na atualidade. Mais especificamente, procura-se apreender como o corpo abjeto, anormal e impuro é tratado nas narrativas e de que maneira os contos retratam personagens sempre incomodadas com sua aparência física. O levantamento teórico foi possível por meio de leituras que abordam a temática sob o viés da literatura, da sociologia e da antropologia, tais como Foucault (1985; 1998; 2000; 2007; 2010), Baudrillard (1995), Le Breton (2003; 2005; 2010) e Douglas (1976). Na perspectiva de alcançar o objetivo proposto, a pesquisa é sustentada nos pressupostos teóricos da Crítica Literária e da Literatura Comparada. Trata-se, portanto, de uma pesquisa do tipo bibliográfica. Selecionados oito contos dos livros citados, entende-se que há na narrativa fonsequiana uma crítica direcionada à imposição de ideais de beleza e de uma ciência voltada para a coisificação do homem

[pt] A crise dos refugiados é apreendida em duas principais dimensões. De um lado, é a evidência de que a guerra tornou-se a condição generalizada de nosso tempo. Mais do que um evento extraordinário, a crise dos refugiados é signo da violência e da desigualdade como normalidade. Neste sentido, nomear como crise o aumento incessante dos deslocamentos é apenas uma forma de legitimar a violência constante em que vivem parcelas enormes da população mundial, especialmente as mais pobres. O fundamento humanitário do instituto do refúgio é indissociável da gestão global da iniquidade. Nesta primeira dimensão, qualificada como negativa, o instituto de refúgio, fundado em uma concepção de vida sempre diminuída, é apreendido como um dispositivo de controle e docilização. Por meio da distinção e classificação entre refugiados e migrantes, a vida, o direito e a cidadania surgem como bens escassos. De outro lado, sem recusar a tragédia, a crise surge em sua dimensão afirmativa. Nesta perspectiva, as classificações instituídas pelos estados cedem lugar às subjetividades produzidas pelos sujeitos que fogem. Os sujeitos em fuga afirmam o caráter constituinte e ontológico da fuga: atravessam a sobrevivência para afirmar a resistência como fundamento da vida, atribuindo, por meio de sua luta, o valor e a dignidade da própria vida. Simultaneamente à dor, à negatividade e à violência, na fuga existe o desejo positivo por liberdade e democracia. Os sujeitos decidem fugir porque querem viver. Não se trata de recusar a tragédia, mas sim recuperá-la do vazio e da impotência. / [en] The refugee crisis is considered in two main dimensions. On the one hand, it demonstrates that war has become the generalized condition of our time. More than an extraordinary event, the refugee crisis is a sign of the normalization of violence and inequality. In this regard, naming as a crisis the incessant increase of displacement is a way of legitimizing the constant violence in which large portions of the world population live, especially the poorest. The humanitarian foundation of the institution of refuge is inseparable from the global management of iniquity. In this first dimension, qualified as negative, the refuge regime, founded on a conception of always diminished life, is treated as a mechanism of control and docilization. Through the distinction and classification of refugees and migrants, life, rights and citizenship arise as scarce goods. On the other hand, without rejecting this tragedy, the affirmative dimension of the crisis is considered. In this perspective, the classifications established by states give way to the subjectivities produced by the fleeing subjects. They affirm the constitutive and ontological character of the escape: through survival, subjects in escape assert resistance as the foundation of life, giving, through their very struggle, value and dignity to life itself. Concomitant to the pain, negativity and violence, in escape there is a positive desire for freedom and democracy. Escaping subjects decide to flee because they want to live. This is not to deny the tragedy, but reclaim escape from emptiness and impotence.

La problématique du pouvoir est tout à fait centrale dans l'œuvre de Michel Foucault et les études foucaldiennes à ce sujet n'ont pas manqué. Pourtant il nous semble nécessaire de rendre mieux visible le mouvement d'ensemble et l'intention générale de Foucault : moins une critique du pouvoir qu'une reconsidération de la nature du pouvoir, qui le détache de tout sujet identifiable. Dans cette perspective, parmi les moments les plus généraux de la pensée foucaldienne du pouvoir, c'est avant tout la description du pouvoir en termes d'inclusion et d'exclusion qui a paru la plus prometteuse dans l'optique d'une analyse philosophique. Ce sont les deux fonctions principales du pouvoir, mais tout en étant terminologiquement antagonistes, elles ne rentrent néanmoins pas en opposition. Au sein de ce que Foucault appelle les «relations de pouvoir», ces deux fonctions agissent simultanément, l'une se cachant pendant que l'autre s'expose. L'analyse de ces fonctions du pouvoir permet d'appréhender les trois formes de pouvoir chez Foucault (souveraineté, discipline, bio-pouvoir) et de dégager dans les évolutions qui conduisent de l'une à l'autre une « productivité » du pouvoir, opposée à l'idée de « négativité » du pouvoir. / The issue of power is absolutely central in the work of Michel Foucault, and it has been widely studied. Nevertheless, it was necessary to further show the overall movement and intention of Foucault on this matter: less of a criticism to power than a rethinking of the nature of power that detaches it from any identifiable object. In this context, among the general outlines of Foucault's thinking of power, the description of power in terms of inclusion and exclusion seems to be the most promising from a philosophical perspective. These are the two functions of power, but despite of being terminologically conflicting, they do not oppose each other. Within what Foucault describes as the “relations of power”, these two functions act simultaneous, each hiding when the other shows. The analysis of the functions of power allows to understand the three forms of power of Foucault (sovereign power, disciplinary power, and biopower) and to identify – in the evolutions that lead from one to another – a ''productivity'' of power, in opposition to the idea of the “negativity” of power.

During the nineteenth century the liberal ideals were spreading across large parts of mainland Europe, and the Swedish parliament of 1840-41 is sometimes considered to be the first one embossed by the ideology. Liberal ideas such as the prison reform, the poor relief reform and the school reform were all on the agenda. The state was composed of the king and four political orders tasked to represent each respective social group, the peasantry, the town folks, the clergy and the nobility. All of these with different rates of representation and policies. Sweden had also for the last decades experienced an increase in crime, poverty and drunkenness. The before mentioned reforms were all made in an attempt to better the situation and make way for a better future. In this study we will look at the parliamentary debates of two of the four political orders, the peasantry and the clergy for the parliament previously mentioned. Our goal is to find out what the two orders thought about the establishment of the first national grade school, that would mean considerable changes for both parties which is partly why they are specifically chosen for this study. The two sides frequently had their differences and would not often cooperate with one another. Although liberalismen was a big part of the reason the king proposed the changes, we will instead focus mostly on Michel Foucault’s theory of biopower (or biopouvoir in French) and social discipline. What general themes can be found in the debates? What was the purpose of the grade school? And lastly, are there any similarities and differences between the reviewed orders? What we can see at the end of the study is that the two orders have different focuses. While the peasantry mainly focused on implementing a school to steer the younglings in the “right” way, the clergy emphasised a spiritual teaching that would foster the individual.

The diploma thesis combines the theoretical concepts of postmodernism and biopower, that are subsequently applied to the particular issue of covering Muslim women living in the Czech Republic. This problem includes the religious, gender, media, social and philosophical level. Each of them is supported by key authors who are experts in this issue. Michel Foucault's concept of biopower, that covers both social and individual bodies through power discourse, interferes with the clothing, that gender attribute, like the Muslim veil, is based on the ideas of Judith Butler. The priority is the ambivalent conception by Jean-François Lyotard, as a kind of conflict, the outlet of which is pluralistic debate. The aim of the thesis is to find a tolerant solution of the current erratic situation in the collision of European and Middle Eastern cultures in the Czech Republic, like wearing the Muslim veil, as the expression of Islam in public with applying Lyotard's demanding ethics of accepting pluralism as an alterity. Key words: postmodern, contradiction, biopower, Muslim veil, media discourse, gender, plurality

In my thesis, I aim to analyze the representation of body in the Czech scholarly texts dealing with physical education published in the early 20th century in the journal Výchova tělesná. I work on the anthropological assumption that understanding and interpretation of body changes along with the historical, social, cultural and ideological contexts. There are many areas of knowledge that define the correctness and naturalness of a physical appearance, behavior and conduct. The theory of school physical education, which since the 2nd half of the 19th century prescribes norms of physical fitness as a prerequisite for success in the national, economic and social life, is one of those areas. The interpretation starts with the analysis of descriptions of physical exercises, which is the most original part of discourse of the physical education, and analysis of texts that thematise the body in relation to mind. At this level, I explain what meanings are related to a pre-understanding of the body. In the second, principal part of the thesis, I interpret the process of construction of norms of appropriate body and show what techniques are required to implement them and how they are legitimized. Producing of normative meanings will be referred to the three major ideologies: gender, discipline and health....

This study shows how the official death-declaring of bodies in 20th century Sweden became inextricably linked to the modulation of a population’s health through transplantations. In its critical examination of the terms of possibility to declare a body as dead in the latter half of 20th century Sweden the study not only relates to medicinal humanities and studies in contemporary biopolitics but, more broadly, the diverse field of Queer Death Studies. With its interdisciplinarity, the study approaches Swedish official governmental material in a genealogical manner and aims not only to show how bodies historically became declared as dead but, more importantly, to shed light on hidden points of intersections within western biopolitics. While the study reveals several distinctive trajectories—e.g. death-entry from self-evident to dissolved to eventualized—it also highlights biopolitical tactics in attempts to reach desirable outcomes and circumvent obstacles such as the public. Among these, it exposes an ambiguous right to declare bodies as dead with its possibility to produce exceptions from the judicial system—exceptions brought forth through a truth-telling of bodies bare life in tandem with an extraction of previously unattainable organs. Thus, the study suggests that to further understand contemporary governing, and not risking an intensification of it, Agamben’s approach towards hidden intersections between juridico-institutional and biopolitical needs to be extended to encompass a third vector of truth-telling.