Submitted by Rodrigo Bombonati de Souza Moraes (robombonati@gmail.com) on 2012-07-07T21:20:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 como se fosse lógico_considerações críticas da medicalização do corpo infantil pelo TDAH na perspectiva da sociedade normalizadora_Rodrigo Bombonati.pdf: 2595873 bytes, checksum: 553b4323a4ee87def27ec9a2f2b806a4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2012-07-10T13:28:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 como se fosse lógico_considerações críticas da medicalização do corpo infantil pelo TDAH na perspectiva da sociedade normalizadora_Rodrigo Bombonati.pdf: 2595873 bytes, checksum: 553b4323a4ee87def27ec9a2f2b806a4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-10T13:34:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 como se fosse lógico_considerações críticas da medicalização do corpo infantil pelo TDAH na perspectiva da sociedade normalizadora_Rodrigo Bombonati.pdf: 2595873 bytes, checksum: 553b4323a4ee87def27ec9a2f2b806a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-19 / Esta pesquisa insere-se no debate que considera estarmos vivendo na era da medicalização, dos transtornos ou das patologizações (CONRAD, 1992; ROSE, 2001; VICENTIN, 2010). Com efeito, nas últimas décadas, tem crescido o número de doenças mentais diagnosticadas em crianças, especificamente, que consideraríamos normais pela perspectiva de Canguilhem (2010), mas que o olhar médico-científico as considera portadoras de doenças mentais. Assim, discursos ou dispositivos de poder psiquiátricos são constituídos para transformar comportamentos diferentes em patologias de modo que possam agir sobre os corpos, autorizadamente. Dentre eles, está o Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH), analisado como objeto empírico nesta pesquisa, que se constitui num campo discursivo mais amplo denominado medicalização (CONRAD, 1992; ROSE, 2001; FOUCAULT, 1988; ILLICH, 1975), composta por diversas instituições como: psiquiatria, indústrias farmacêuticas, escolas, família, leis, associações de portadores do transtorno e mídias não especializadas. Esta constituição ocorre pelo deslocamento analítico de um comportamento do âmbito sociocultural para o campo médico que passa a ser diagnosticado e tratado como se fosse patológico. Para levantar as informações a respeito do TDAH, analisamos as falas de 5 psiquiatras, obtida por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, 114 reportagens do jornal Folha de São Paulo, publicadas no período compreendido entre 1997 e 2011, o site da Associação Brasileira de Déficit de Atenção (ABDA) e algumas de suas produções (congressos, materiais informativos e textos de seus membros) e, finalmente, os Projetos de Lei (PL’s) em tramitação nas casas legislativas da cidade e do estado de São Paulo e da Federação. Valendo-nos de importantes conceituações pertinentes à Genealogia do Poder e à Arqueologia do Saber (FOUCAULT, 2007; VEYNE, 2011), bem como à Teoria do Discurso (HOWARTH, 2000), procuramos compreender de que modo o discurso medicalizante produz efeitos de poder sobre os corpos, transformando a falta de atenção e o excesso de atividade da criança em transtorno mental. Percebemos que isto é feito, dentre outras finalidades, para ampliar a performance ou o desempenho dos indivíduos, exigido tanto pelas escolas quanto pela economia de nossa sociedade. Tal exigência constitui-se na sociedade denominada normalizada (FOUCAULT, 2006), de risco (BAUMAN, 2008; BECK, 2010) ou de controle (DELEUZE, 1992), em que os possíveis prejuízos para o indivíduo e para a sociedade devem ser contidos por meio do controle dos corpos. Para tanto, a ciência, baseada nos conhecimentos da genética e da neurologia, disseca o corpo em suas partes doentes, constituindo uma nova forma de sujeição (DELEUZE; GUATTARI, 1996), o anormal. A anormalidade se apresenta na fronteira entre os comportamentos esperados e os desviantes, na medida em que estes últimos surgem como embaraço à sociabilidade e, principalmente, à produtividade. Normalizar seria então a função tanto do poder disciplinar quanto do biopoder, poderes sobre a vida (FOUCAULT, 1988) que agem sobre os corpos e a população, respectivamente, sintetizados nesta pesquisa com o nome crítico de medicalização. Além disso, ao constituirmos este campo discursivo, percebemos que, embora haja resistências, a medicalização da criança por meio do TDAH no Brasil tem triunfado em suas pretensões, tendo, na promulgação das leis e na identificação do transtorno apropriada pelo senso comum, as derradeiras fronteiras do poder sobre os corpos. / This research shows us that we are living in the era of medicalization, of the disorders, and pathologies (CONRAD, 1992; ROSE, 2001; VICENTIN, 2010). In the last decade the number of mental diseases diagnosed, specifically in children, who we consider normal from Canguilhem’s (2010) perspective, but the medical-scientific eye consider mental disorder has grown. This way discourses or mechanisms, which allows the psychiatric community to change different behaviors in pathology in a way that they can act on the bodies authoritatively. Amongst them is the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), analyzed as an empirical object of this research, which is a broader discursive field identified as medicalization (CONRAD, 1992; ROSE, 2001; FOUCAULT, 1988; ILLICH, 1975), composed of various institutions such as: psychiatry, pharmaceutical companies, schools, families, justice system, associations of people with the disorder, and non-specialized media. This happens when there is an analytic displacement of a socio-cultural behavior into a medical field to be diagnosed and then treated as if it was pathologic. To collect information about ADHD, we examined the discourse of five psychiatrists, gathered thought previously given interviews, 114 reports from the newspaper ‘Folha de São Paulo’, published during the period between 1997 and 2011, the site of the Association of Attention Deficit (ABDA) and some of its productions (meetings, informative materials and texts of its members), and finally, the Bills (PL's) in progress in the legislative house in the city, the state of Sao Paulo and the Brazilian Federation. Making use of important concepts which we considered relevant to the Genealogy of Power and the Archaeology of Knowledge (FOUCAULT, 2007, VEYNE 2011), and the Theory of Discourse (HOWARTH, 2000), we are seeking to understand how the medicalizalization discourse produce effects on the bodies, transforming the lack of attention and the over activity present in a child in a mental disorder. We noticed that it is done, amongst other reasons, to enhance or to improve the performance of individuals, a demand made not only by the schools, but by the economy of our society. This demand appears to be identified in society as normalized (FOUCAULT, 2006), in risk (BAUMAN, 2008; BECK, 2010), or controlled (DELEUZE, 1992), where to avoid possible harm to the individual and to society, the bodies must to be kept under control. That is why science, based in knowledge of genetics and neurology, dissects the body in illnesses, establishing a new form of subjection (DELEUZE; GUATTARI, 1996), the abnormal. The abnormality appears at the border between the expected behavior and deviating, to the extent that the latter appears as embarrassment to sociability, and especially to productivity. To normalize would then be not only a function of the disciplinary power, it would be also part of the biopower, the power over life (FOUCAULT, 1988) which acts over the bodies and the population, respectively, synthesized in this research critically named as medication. Moreover, when we opened this field of discourse, we realized that although there is resistance, the medicalization of children due to ADHD in Brazil has succeeded in its ambitions, and in the promulgation of laws and the proper identification of the disorder by common sense, the ultimate boundaries of power over the bodies.

L’œuvre de Michel Foucault est communément divisée en trois périodes : la période archéologique traitant d’épistémologie, la période généalogique consacrée à l’analyse des relations de pouvoir, et la période esthétique portant sur les « cultures de soi » gréco-romaines. Chacune d’entre elles se définit par une méthodologie particulière et une constellation de thèmes que nous récapitulons en partie dans cet ouvrage. Ce survol sert de travail préparatoire afin de relever une préoccupation qui semble parcourir l’ensemble de son œuvre. Elle concerne les « marges »; question qui se pose tantôt à l’aune d’un rapprochement entre littérature et folie, tantôt en lien aux concepts de « résistance » et de « bataille », et enfin, à travers l’étude des manières atypiques de se gouverner/subjectiver. Ainsi, notre enquête s’articule essentiellement autour des interrogations suivantes : « peut-on attribuer une fonction bien définie aux marges au sein de la (ou des) théorie(s) foucaldienne(s)? »; « quelles sont les figures de la marginalité et comment interagissent-elles avec les thèmes foucaldiens majeurs? »; « à quelles difficultés se heurte le lexique des marges, lequel inclut des notions telles que le dehors, la désubjectivation et les hétérotopies? ». / Michel Foucault’s work is generally divided into three periods: the archaeological period dealing with epistemology, the genealogical one devoted to the analysis of power relations, and the aesthetic period centered on the « cultures of the self » as understood by the Greeks and Romans. Each of these periods is defined by a particular methodology and a constellation of themes that we’ll partly recapitulate in this paper. This overview serves as a preparatory work in order to underline a preoccupation which seems to be constant all throughout his philosophical journey. It’s concerning the « margins »; a question raised at times with regards to the topic of madness and literature, or in relation to the concept of « resistance » and « battle », and finally, through the study of the atypical manners in which one’s self can/should be governed. Thus, our inquiry is essentially articulated around the following questions: « can we attribute a well defined function to the margins in the theoretical framework(s) of Foucault? »; « what are the figures of marginality and how do they interact with the main Foucauldian themes? »; « what are the difficulties proper to the lexicon of marginality which includes notions such as the outside, desubjectivation and heterotopy? ».

Denna uppsats undersöker vilken påverkan som olika maktaspekter har på förskolebarnet. Studiens syfte är att ur fyra av förskolans policydokument utröna hur förskolebarnet konstrueras. Det teoretiska perspektiv som har använts är en verktygslåda som är inspirerad av Foucaults tankar angående makt: disciplinär makt, biomakt, diskurs och genealogi. Det är fyra olika policydokument som har undersökts: Barnstugeutredningen (del 1), Pedagogiskt program för förskolan, Lpfö 98 och Lpfö 18. För att visa hur det normala och patologiska barnet konstrueras i förskolan har dokumenten analyserats med ett diskursanalytiskt förhållningssätt som tydligt involverar Foucaults maktperspektiv. Diskursanalysen visar vilka egenskaper som anses vara önskvärda för förskolebarnen att internalisera, vilka diskurser som är synliga och vilken påverkan olika historiska händelser har på konstruktionen av barnet. Analysens resultat visar att det inträffar olika diskursförskjutningar beroende på hur samhällsstrukturen ser ut i det givna sammanhanget, vilket också har en påverkan på hur barnet konstrueras. Det normala barnet konstrueras efter de normer och värderingar som förespråkas i den rådande diskursen. Det patologiska barnet anses framför allt vara barn med annan kulturell bakgrund som inte lever upp till de förespråkade normerna. En reflektion av resultaten visar att den allt snabbare samhällsutvecklingen, där de sociala klyftorna ökar, bidrar till en situation i förskolan som är svårhanterlig och komplex. En slutsats som dras är att det är av vikt för barnen att förskolan är likvärdig, och för att förskolan ska bli likvärdig bör vissa punkter i läroplanen revideras. / <p>Examinator har godkänt att fulltexten byts ut på grund av en smärre justering som inte påverkar uppsatsens innehåll. Gävle 12 augusti 2020.</p>

This diploma thesis deals with the relations created between social workers and women, providing paid sexual services, in the area of street work environment. The thesis shows us the process of creation of these relations on the basis of the specific position of its actors, such as the stigmatized sex workers and "the wise" ones in the area of social work. However, these positions are not fixed. Social workers, as well as sex workers transform and redefine them, by using their own ways of understanding to categories such as trust, authority and process of self definition. The relations between the actors are mainly created on the basis of the topic of health that enters this environment through the harm reduction approach. This approach is also responsible for bringing an attention to actual health of sex workers but moreover an attention towards group of these women as such. Nevertheless, in the process of actual field research, were these categories shown as to be part of a larger picture of topic like motherhood and partnership. The last chapter of this thesis discusses the approach towards these topics during the contact with social workers. Keywords sex work, non-governmental organization, harm reduction approach, field social workers, stigma, health, biopower, motherhood

Thesis Selected aspects of the production of embodiment in tv commercials works with an assumption that some tv commercials represent specific modality of discursive mechanisms of sexual representation. This thesis applies the works of M. Foucault and P. Bourdieu to semiotic analysis of chosen advertisements. Assuming that advertisements are using body and sexual motives as one of the instruments of power to affect the target groups. Main focus of this thesis is in introduction of discursive models that are used in advertising. Goal of the theoretical part is to introduce philosophical and sociological ideas and theories relating to perception of physicality, sexuality, power relations and question of subjectivism. The thesis also shows how the role of a body was perceived in different historicals eras and how the ways of use of body and embodiment has gradually developed in terms of power affection. Goal of the practical part is to analyze and interpret the acknowledgments from theoretical part on concrete examples. The aim is, by using semiotical analysis, to reveal discursive practices in advertisements based upon used statements, also to analyze the power affection presented by physicality and sexuality. The thesis presents examples of power affection of advertisements and its specific...

No description available.

Humanitarian organizations and research groups are increasingly considering the potential of integrating palliative care into humanitarian health responses. While studies on the topic frequently examine the obstacles of integrating palliative care into humanitarian action, the field is marked by notable research gaps, particularly concerning assessments of practice, the impact of guidelines, as well as critical inquiries into the moral and conceptual implications of a “humanitarian palliative care”. This thesis contributes to the latter of these research gaps by unpacking the discourses of palliative care and humanitarianism as imperatives, with attention to the ways in which the two may support or challenge each other.  The main research question, “How does humanitarian action take up palliative care as a humanitarian concern?”, is addressed through an anthropological lens. To shed light on the intangible, yet powerful, moral aspects of combining these discourses, this research method consists of a literature review approaching guidelines and studies as empirical data. While without its main ethnographic method, the use of classic anthropological theories and analysis offers apt insight into the framework of a humanitarian palliative care. The thesis paper progresses as follows: first, a literature review outlines the background of palliative care and its introduction in the humanitarian sector along with the direction of existing studies and guidelines on the topic. This outline then facilitates a comparative analysis of the moral language and principles of palliative care and humanitarianism. During this analysis, Fassin’s critique of “humanitarian reason” (2012) is used to better understand both imperatives in focus, leading to a biopolitical analysis of the implications of a combined ‘humanitarian palliative care’. This analysis suggests that palliative needs inhabit a liminal position in humanitarian healthcare – at the threshold of humanitarian concern.   The liminality of humanitarian palliative care is then explored with particular attention to the infrastructure and relevant temporal aspects of humanitarian healthcare. While addressing abstract concepts, the analysis draws upon case examples to illuminate each analytical point in practice. Finally, I conclude with a discussion reflecting on the suggestions made by this thesis, and ultimately, the – arguably ambiguous – dynamic between palliative care and humanitarian action.

This thesis investigates the developing understanding of male homosexuality as a societal issue in Sweden between 1930 and 1960, primarily detailing what political motives and scientific ideas defined the governmental discourse around the group in question. In doing so, the discussion about male homosexuality is situated within a rapidly transforming political landscape. 1930–1945 has been described as a preamble to the Swedish welfare state, while 1945–1960 is commonly seen as its defining period. The study shows that in the 1930s, the question of homosexuality was connected to population policy, while from 1941 and onwards, it was primarily connected to social policy. It is then argued that these changes can be understood using theoretical ideas of biopower, more specifically state generated ideals regarding productivity and biological reproduction. It is also argued that the surge in negative attitudes towards male homosexuality in the 1950s must be understood as an effect of this development.

No description available.

[pt] Esta dissertação tem como objeto de análise o livro de contos O sol na cabeça (2018) do autor carioca Geovani Martins. O estudo pretende investigar as imagens dos contos que retratam o cotidiano do Rio de Janeiro, analisando a dinâmica social da cidade, bem como a dinâmica de existência dos personagens que representam a população periférica carioca. A partir do complexo desenvolvimento das práticas governamentais que subjugam os corpos periféricos, e que exercem um tipo de poder verticalizado na forma de biopoder, assim como o executa sobre eles na forma de biopolítica, esta pesquisa busca demonstrar, a partir de O sol na cabeça (2018), como despontam através de pequenas insurgências um tipo de força que engana a submissão exercida pelo biopoder e por sua biopolítica, manifestando-se através da biopotência que se cumpre em confronto aos poderes investidos contra os corpos no trânsito da cidade. / [en] The dissertation has as object of analysis the tales book The sun on my head (2018) written by the carioca autor Geovani Martins. The study intends to investigate the images of the tales that represents the everyday of Rio de Janeiro, analysing the social dynamic of the city, as well the dynamic existence of the characters that represents the carioca peripheral population. As from the complex development of government practices that subjugates the peripheral bodies, and that exerts a type of verticalized power in the form of biopower, as execute over them a biopolitics, this researche desires demonstrate, as from The sun on my head (2018), how emerges through little insurgences a kind of force that tricks the submission exercised by the biopower and for your biopolitics, manifesting through the biopotency that carries out by the confront with the powers that are invested against the bodies in transit in the city.