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This dissertation explores how different understandings of power in IR theory lead to different understandings of world order. In particular, I examine how notions of power have informed recent 'debate about empire' and what the term empire might usefully mean in the context of contemporary international relations. I start by investigating how power is understood in relation to the role of shared understandings. Mainstream or "Rationalist" scholars of IR have argued that shared norms and principles are epiphenomenal, existing only to the extent that sovereign states find utility in them. 'Reflectivist' scholars, on the other hand, have suggested that we attribute a much greater degree of autonomy to what they call "constitutive knowledge". That is, the intersubjective and historically contingent truths about world politics that inform the values and norms of state behavior. What is noteworthy about the recent debates about "empire" is that, for better or for worse, Rationalist scholars have tended to explain America's recent unilateralism in terms of a return to the logic of political realism which gives primacy to state power. However, following the Reflectivist argument, I argue that it is a mistake to limit the analytic scope of unilateralism to the egoistic agency of any one state. Instead, it may be more precise to situate American unilateralism in the context of an emerging regime or formation of shared understandings which is more global in scope. To explore this possibility, I turn to Foucault's theory of power which explores how liberal governments both direct their populations and rationalize the use of certain forms of violence. I turn also to Hardt and Negri who, taking their lead from Foucault, offer a novel definition of the term empire as a quality or condition of the practice of global governance particular to late modernity. Hardt and Negri define empire as a new form of global sovereignty that has emerged along with the global market and global circuits of production. My research explores how this definition can be used to refine such key concepts and categories of IR theory research as sovereignty, political economy and security. Through the reinterpretation of these key categories, I show how theories based on constitutive knowledge are capable of recognizing that there is in fact a great deal more going on in contemporary global power relations than American unilateralism. / Ph. D.

Representations of female characters in cinema have the effect of othering the female in front of the viewer’s gaze. Women’s characters are constructed along the lines of their gender and race difference. In this paper I focus entirely on the character of the woman domestic worker in four films: Ilo Ilo, The Second Mother, The Maid, and At Home. The paper aims to provide a different reading of this mostly trivialized character and rethink its otherness by pinpointing it in biopolitical labor and homes of biopower, namely of affect and oppression. I am interested in how labor can reconfigure the domestic space to a heterotopia, or what I call a ‘heterooikos’, which is the space occupied by the other. Finally, I will attempt an analysis that reimagines otherness captured by cinema, by locating, in the film text, techniques of resistance as a countersuggestion to techniques of character identification. My aim is to provide a different way to interact with subaltern subjects in film by recognizing otherness as part of an ethical response.

Esse trabalho investigou a influência de diferentes origens e pré-tratamentos do inóculo na produção de biohidrogênio em reatores anaeróbios de leito fixo e fluxo ascendente. Aparas de polietileno de baixa densidade foram usadas como material suporte para fixação da biomassa e os reatores foram operados com 2 h de tempo de detenção hidráulica (TDH) e a 25ºC, alimentados com efluente sintético a base de sacarose. Duas fontes de inóculo foram estudadas: lodo anaeróbio de reator UASB aplicado ao tratamento de água residuária de abatedouro de aves (D) e lodo anaeróbio de reator UASB aplicado ao tratamento de água residuária de suinocultura (S); além da autofermentação (A), quando não há nenhum inóculo no reator. Além disso, dois tipos de pré-tratamento térmico (T) e ácido (A) foram avaliados. Os rendimentos de hidrogênio foram de 2,1, 2,0, 2,0,1,0, 1,0, 0,7, 0,7 mol \'H IND.2\' mol-1 sacarose quando os reatores foram inoculados com A, DT, DA, D, SA, ST e S, respectivamente. Nessa nomenclatura, a primeira letra se refere à origem do inóculo e a segunda, ao pré-tratamento. Embora hidrogênio (20-78%) e dióxido de carbono (21-55%) tenham sido os principais produtos no biogás, metano foi detectado nos reatores inoculados com D, DA, S, ST e SA no início e no final da operação. A produção volumétrica máxima de hidrogênio (61,6 mL \'H IND.2\' h-1.L-1) foi obtida quando DA foi usado com inóculo. Porém, o menor valor (15,1 mL \'H IND.2\' h-1.L-1) foi observado usando o inóculo S. Quando o reator não foi inoculado (A), a produção volumétrica de hidrogênio foi 47,3 mL \'H IND.2\' h-1.L-1. Etanol, ácido butírico e acético foram os principais produtos \'metabólicos detectados na fase líquida. Em resumo, os resultados demonstraram que há influência da origem e do pré-tratamento do inóculo em todos os parâmetros analisados. Inóculos sem pré-tratamento resultaram em menor rendimento de hidrogênio do que os observados nos experimentos com inóculos pré-tratados devido a seleção das bactérias produtoras de hidrogênio (BPH). Ademais, embora o pré-tratamento térmico tenha gerado os maiores valores de rendimento, o pré-tratamento ácido resultou em uma operação mais estável com os maiores valores médios. A autofermentação teve desempenho semelhante aos DT e DA e pode ser uma alternativa para a produção biológica de hidrogênio, pois seleciona as BPH naturalmente. / This paper investigated the influence of different inoculums and pretreatment of seed sludge on the biohydrogen production in up-flow anaerobic fixed-bed reactors. Particles of low-density polyethylene were used as support for biomass attachment and the reactor was operated with hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2 h at 25ºC, fed with a sucrose-based synthetic wastewater. Two sources of inoculums were studied: anaerobic sludge from an UASB (up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket) reactor applied to treat poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (Sl) and anaerobic sludge from an UASB reactor treating swine wastewater (Sw), besides the autofermentation (A), with no inoculation of the reactor. In addition, two kinds of pretreatment heat (He) and acid (Ac) shock were evaluated. Hydrogen yields were 2.1, 2.0, 2.0,1.0, 1.0, 0.7, 0.7, mol \'H IND.2\' mol-1 sucrose when the reactors were inoculated with A, SlHe, SlAc, SwAc, Sl, Sw, and SwHe, respectively. In this nomenclature, the first two letters refer to source and the others refer to pretreatment. Although hydrogen (20-78%) and carbon dioxide (21-55%) have been the main gaseous products in the biogas, methane was detected in Sl, SlAc, Sw, SwHe and SwAc at the beginning and in the last days of the operation. Optimal \'H IND.2\' production rate (61.6 mL \'H IND.2\' h-1 L-1) was obtained when SlAc was used as seed sludge. On the other hand, the smallest value (15.1 mL \'H IND.2\' h-1 L-1) were observed using Sw inoculums. When the reactor was not inoculated (A), \'H IND.2\' production rate was 47.3 mL \'H IND.2\' h-1 L-1. Ethanol, butyric acid and acetic acid were the main soluble products detected in the liquid phase. In summary, the results have demonstrated that there are influences of the source and the pretreatment of the seed sludge in all parameters analyzed. Inoculums without pretreatment resulted in hydrogen productivity lower than those observed for experiments with pretreated inoculums due the selection of hydrogen producing bacteria (HPB). Furthermore, although the heat shock has generated the highest values of hydrogen yield, the acid-shock provided more stable operation with the highest average values. Besides, the autofermentation had almost the same performance than SlAc and SlHe and could be an alternative for biological hydrogen production due to natural selection of HPB.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-05-23T16:31:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniel Agostini_.pdf: 1034713 bytes, checksum: 17d486b0a13c571c764066c4c881ef7f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-23T16:31:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniel Agostini_.pdf: 1034713 bytes, checksum: 17d486b0a13c571c764066c4c881ef7f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / Nenhuma / Considerando os impactos das novas tecnologias de reprodução humana assistida (RHA) no campo do Direito das Famílias Contemporâneo, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo geral analisar em que medida o acesso a elas pode consistir em um fator de valorização dos vínculos familiares biológicos em detrimento dos vínculos socioafetivos, analisando as práticas discursivas e os argumentos presentes no debate em torno do anonimato ou conhecimento do doador de gametas. O tema despertou especial atenção por, à primeira vista, verificar-se uma biologização na substituição do paradigma do anonimato para o paradigma do conhecimento do doador, ao passo que se percebe no Direito uma prevalência para as relações afetivas. Foram analisadas as normativas ético-médicas do Conselho Federal de Medicina, representadas especialmente pela Resolução nº 2013, que prevê o anonimato, e projetos de lei do Congresso Nacional do Brasil, Projeto de Lei do Senado nº 1.184, de 2003, e seus apensos, tendo como pano de fundo discutir as transformações e diversas concepções de família e parentesco, que passa de um modelo patriarcal fechado e de prole consanguínea, para modelos plurais fundados em laços afetivos. Empregou-se como referencial teórico de base a análise de discurso, abordagem qualitativa e dialética, sobre documentação direta e indireta, analisando-se o texto legal, debates, votos e pareceres existentes, com sistematização das conclusões. Conclui-se que o debate político brasileiro, embora esteja inserido nas formações discursivas correlatas da questão (ciência, religião, filosofia e juridicidade), possui fragilidade argumentativa-epistemológica e é permeado por subjetivismos, interesses pessoais e político-partidários, além de sofrer forte influência midiática, não adentrando de forma mais objetiva e fundamentada nas diversas implicações de um ou outro paradigma. A opção pelo conhecimento do doador parece possuir caráter biologizante do indivíduo, mas não da relação entre os indivíduos. Se é verdade que, na contemporaneidade, como afirma Marilyn Strathern, o corpo mantém a pessoa enquanto partícula tão indivisa que torna os relacionamentos algo abstratos e fora dela, isso se coaduna com disposições internacionais de que o gene constitui o homem biologicamente, mas não é tudo o que ele é. Dito de outra maneira, o moderno conhecimento do corpo humano e a evolução da ciência vista na exacerbação das técnicas de RHA, aprofundaram uma noção de desvinculação do corpo do espírito e, com isso, da autonomia das relações entre as pessoas, levando-se à percepção de que o doador de gametas representa nada mais que um doador de material biológico e ‘ascendente estritamente biológico’ porque a noção de parentesco é relacional, feita com conexões cultural e individualmente significadas, de forma que o desvelamento genético do homem oferece uma escolha: as pessoas podem estabelecer conexões ativas por conta da genética ou podem, justamente, se desconectar, apesar dela. No Brasil, embora não se aprofundem essas discussões de forma mais sofisticada, percebe-se essa separação, aliada ao caráter biologizante do indivíduo, com desvinculação das relações formadas entre estes. / Considering the impact of new assisted human reproductive technologies (RHA) in the field of Law of Contemporary Families, this work has as main objective to analyze to what extent access to them may consist of a factor of appreciation of biological family ties to the detriment of social-affective ties, analyzing the discursive practices and the arguments present in the debate on anonymity or knowledge of the gamete donor. The issue aroused special attention at first glance, check it a biologization the replacement of anonymity paradigm for the giver of knowledge paradigm, while it is perceived in the law a prevalence for affective relationships. We analyzed the ethical-medical regulations of the Brazil Federal Council of Medicine, especially represented by Resolution No. 2013, which provides anonymity, and the National Congress bills in Brazil, Senate Bill No. 1184, 2003, and its accompanying, having as a backdrop to discuss the changes and different conceptions of family and kinship, passing a patriarchal model closed and inbred offspring to plural models based on emotional ties. He was employed as the basis of theoretical discourse analysis, qualitative and dialectical approach on direct and indirect documentation, analyzing the legal text, debates, existing votes and opinions, with systematization of the findings. We conclude that the Brazilian political debate, even though it is inserted in the related discursive formations of the issue (science, religion, philosophy and legality), has argumentative and epistemological fragility and is permeated by subjectivism, personal interests and political partisanship, in addition to suffering strong influence media, not entering in a more objective and reasoned manner in the various implications of a paradigm or the other. The choice of the donor's knowledge seems to have biologizing character of the individual, but not the relationship between individuals. If it is true that, in contemporary times, as stated by Marilyn Strathern, the body keeps a person as particle so indivisible that makes relationships something abstract and beyond, it is consistent with international provisions that the gene is the man biologically, but not all he is. In other words, the modern knowledge of the human body and the evolution of view science in exacerbation of AHR techniques, deepened a sense of disconnection from the spirit body, and with it, the autonomy of relations between people, leading to the perception that the gamete donor is nothing more than a biological material donor and 'up strictly biological' because kinship notion is relational, made with cultural connections and individually meant, so that the genetic man unveiling offers a choice: people can establish active connections due to genetic or can precisely disconnect despite it. In Brazil, although it does not deepen these discussions in a more sophisticated way, we perceive this separation, coupled with biologizing character of the individual, with untying the relationships formed between them.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-05-23T19:02:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Helio Feltes Filho_.pdf: 2052560 bytes, checksum: af181da8715fa5fc42ad6e6cb22145a5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-23T19:02:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Helio Feltes Filho_.pdf: 2052560 bytes, checksum: af181da8715fa5fc42ad6e6cb22145a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-21 / Nenhuma / A pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar as práticas discursivas de profissionais dos Centros de Atendimento Socioeducativos da FASE-RS, relacionadas ao direito à visita íntima do adolescente internado. Trata-se de desvelar a formação destes discursos e demonstrar o que eles dizem, quais seus argumentos e em que medida exercem poder que impactam na sua (in)efetividade, sem negar a complexidade do tema e a pluralidade de fatores a ele vinculados. A proposta surge da constatação de que apenas uma, entre quatorze Unidades de internação do Rio Grande do Sul, implementou a visita íntima até hoje, desde sua previsão normativa pela Lei nº 12.594/2012. A metodologia compreende revisão bibliográfica e legislativa, estabelecendo diálogo entre as áreas do direito, história e filosofia, que irá embasar a segunda etapa relacionada a uma pesquisa empírica, a qual se propõe a mergulhar no universo prático do sistema socioeducativo, por meio de entrevistas com profissionais do atendimento, representando várias áreas do saber. O pensamento do filósofo Michel Foucault serve de principal aporte teórico, notadamente suas noções sobre discurso e sistemas de exclusão, práticas discursivas, poder como relação, poder disciplinar, biopolítica e forças de resistência. Essas categorias amarram o trabalho no tripé: práticas discursivas, saber-poder-verdade e sexualidade. A pesquisa concluirá que as práticas discursivas tencionam contrariamente à implementação da visita íntima, seja por um complexo sistema de controle do discurso da sexualidade que impede o tratamento adequado do tema, seja pela força do poder disciplinar que impõe um discurso da segurança que prevalece ao viés socioeducativo. Nesse contexto, serão categorizados os vários argumentos desta resistência. A importância da pesquisa não reside apenas num estudo jurídico sobre circunstâncias fáticas que afetam a concretização de um direito. Busca subsidiar a extensão de todo o campo da política de atendimento do sistema socioeducativo, para onde convergem vários ramos do saber. Compreender as práticas discursivas e as estratégias de poder no interior de uma Unidade de internação, e como isso afeta um direito, pode resultar numa contribuição fundamental para lidar com este cotidiano e planejar políticas públicas que visem aprimorar o atendimento. / This research project aims to investigate questionable practices of professionals of the Social Services of FASE RS, especially in relation to the right of conjugal visits for detained teenagers. The idea is to unmask the origins of what is being, said, demonstrate what they are saying, what their arguments are, and to what extent they exercise power that could impact on their (in) effectiveness, without denying the complexity of the issue, and the plurality of factores linked to it. The proposal arises from the fact that only one in fourteen units of hospitalization in Rio Grande do Sul has implemented conjugal visits permitted since the passing of law number 12.594/2012. The methodology includes a literature and legislative review, establishing a dialogue between fields of law, history and philosophy which will form the basis for the second stage, which relates to empirical research. The latter aims to delve into the practical world of the socioeducative system through interviews with working professionals, representing various areas of knowledge. The thoughts of the philosopher Michel Foucault serve as the main theoretical framework, notably the notions of speech and exclusion systems, discursive practices, power and respect, disciplinary power, biopolitcs and forces of resistance. These categories tie the study to, or form, a triped: discursive practices, knowledge power and truth, and sexuality. The research project concludes that the discursive practices go against the implementation of conjugal visits, either by a complex control system of speech relating to sexuality, which impedes the adequate treatment of the subject by force of disciplinary power which imposes a discourse of security which prevails over a socio educative bias. In this context, the various arguments of this resistance will be categorised. The importance of this research project lies not only in a legal study of factual circumstances that affect the concretization of a legal right. It also seeks to elaborate the extension of the whole field of policy related to the socio educative services where various branches of knowledge converge. Understanding the discursive practices and the power strategies in the interior of an impatient unit, and how this affects a legal right could result in a fundamental contribution to deal with this on a daily basis, and the subsequent planning of public policy which would improve the service offered.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:22:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcus Cesar Ricci Teshainer.pdf: 2955075 bytes, checksum: e1df989e402d3ee9af476dd566ad771c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-06-03 / nenhum / In the beginning it was necessary to delimit what one can understand as psychoanalysis as, even in Foucault s book, it may be seen under diverse approaches. Therefore an investigation has been carried out going over all of Foucault s pathway to check the different ways this author approches psychoanalysis in its diverse theoretical moments. Three distinct approuches can be clearly made out all over Foucault s work; at first psychoanalysis is seem as closely related to discourse, then the discussion turns to Freud as author and finally in Story of Sexuality: An Introduction psychoanalysis is seen as a dispositive. The concept of psychoanalysis to wich Foucault refers to in this book is the one related to practice, to exercise, undesrtood as an instituition of knowledge. In order to contextualize historically the different discussions throughout Foucault s work a brief study has been carried out concerning his relationship to the structuralism which was emerging in France as he was publishing his studies. In a second moment-the chosen work already being analyzed-the concepts which support biopolitics have been studied regarding their relationship to discipline and the government of populations-two points which provide a basis to this concept. After being analyzed the questions on biopolitics were related to the point of view presented by Foucault in Story of Sexuality: An Introduction about psychoanalysis and it has been attenpted to examine which consequences this relationship brings to psychoanalysis as well to biopolitics. Finally resuming the questions reised above and connecting them to each other it has been attempted to point out which aspects of psychoanalysis are linked to biopolitics and wich are not / Este estudo busca compreender através da leitura rigorosa da obra História da Sexualiade-V.I-A Vontade de Saber de Michel Foucault se a psicanálise se relaciona ou não com a Biopolítica, ou melhor, em quais aspectos há relação e em quais não. De inicio foi necessário delimitar o que se entende por psicanálise já que, mesmo nas obras de Foucault, ela ganha diversos enfoques. Para tanto fez-se uma investigação percorrendo todo o percurso de Foucault para verificar o modo que esse autor aborda a psicanálise em seus diferentes momentos teóricos. Percebeu-se que houve três abordagens distintas durante toda a sua obra; em um primeiro momento a psicanálise é vista como Discursividade depois a discussão recai sobre Freud como autor e finalmente em História da Sexualiade-V.I-A Vontade de Saber a psicanálise é vista como dispositivo. Nesta obra a psicanálise a qual Foucault se refere é a do exercício, da prática, entendida como uma instituição do saber. A fim de contextualizar historicamente as diversas discussões no decorrer da obra de Foucault, estudou-se rapidamente qual a sua relação com o estruturalismo que emergia na França no momento em que ele produzia seus estudos. Em um segundo momento já analisando a obra escolhida estudou-se os conceitos que sustentam a biopoltica até chegar a sua relação com a disciplina e o governo das populações que são dois pontos que embasam este conceito. Depois de analisadas, as questões sobre biopolítica, foram relacionadas com a visão apresentada por Foucault em História da Sexualidade-V. I sobre a psicanálise e tentou-se verificar quais as conseqüências desta relação tanto para a psicanálise quanto para a biopolítica. Finalmente, retomando as questões levantadas e articulando-as entre si, buscou-se verificar em quais aspectos a psicanálise se liga à biopolítica e em quais não

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:57:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcus Cesar Ricci Teshainer.pdf: 2955075 bytes, checksum: e1df989e402d3ee9af476dd566ad771c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-06-03 / nenhum / In the beginning it was necessary to delimit what one can understand as psychoanalysis as, even in Foucault s book, it may be seen under diverse approaches. Therefore an investigation has been carried out going over all of Foucault s pathway to check the different ways this author approches psychoanalysis in its diverse theoretical moments. Three distinct approuches can be clearly made out all over Foucault s work; at first psychoanalysis is seem as closely related to discourse, then the discussion turns to Freud as author and finally in Story of Sexuality: An Introduction psychoanalysis is seen as a dispositive. The concept of psychoanalysis to wich Foucault refers to in this book is the one related to practice, to exercise, undesrtood as an instituition of knowledge. In order to contextualize historically the different discussions throughout Foucault s work a brief study has been carried out concerning his relationship to the structuralism which was emerging in France as he was publishing his studies. In a second moment-the chosen work already being analyzed-the concepts which support biopolitics have been studied regarding their relationship to discipline and the government of populations-two points which provide a basis to this concept. After being analyzed the questions on biopolitics were related to the point of view presented by Foucault in Story of Sexuality: An Introduction about psychoanalysis and it has been attenpted to examine which consequences this relationship brings to psychoanalysis as well to biopolitics. Finally resuming the questions reised above and connecting them to each other it has been attempted to point out which aspects of psychoanalysis are linked to biopolitics and wich are not / Este estudo busca compreender através da leitura rigorosa da obra História da Sexualiade-V.I-A Vontade de Saber de Michel Foucault se a psicanálise se relaciona ou não com a Biopolítica, ou melhor, em quais aspectos há relação e em quais não. De inicio foi necessário delimitar o que se entende por psicanálise já que, mesmo nas obras de Foucault, ela ganha diversos enfoques. Para tanto fez-se uma investigação percorrendo todo o percurso de Foucault para verificar o modo que esse autor aborda a psicanálise em seus diferentes momentos teóricos. Percebeu-se que houve três abordagens distintas durante toda a sua obra; em um primeiro momento a psicanálise é vista como Discursividade depois a discussão recai sobre Freud como autor e finalmente em História da Sexualiade-V.I-A Vontade de Saber a psicanálise é vista como dispositivo. Nesta obra a psicanálise a qual Foucault se refere é a do exercício, da prática, entendida como uma instituição do saber. A fim de contextualizar historicamente as diversas discussões no decorrer da obra de Foucault, estudou-se rapidamente qual a sua relação com o estruturalismo que emergia na França no momento em que ele produzia seus estudos. Em um segundo momento já analisando a obra escolhida estudou-se os conceitos que sustentam a biopoltica até chegar a sua relação com a disciplina e o governo das populações que são dois pontos que embasam este conceito. Depois de analisadas, as questões sobre biopolítica, foram relacionadas com a visão apresentada por Foucault em História da Sexualidade-V. I sobre a psicanálise e tentou-se verificar quais as conseqüências desta relação tanto para a psicanálise quanto para a biopolítica. Finalmente, retomando as questões levantadas e articulando-as entre si, buscou-se verificar em quais aspectos a psicanálise se liga à biopolítica e em quais não

A presente dissertação analisa as práticas discursivas cuidados paliativos e eutanásia na Colômbia, a partir do referencial teórico de Michel Foucault, Annemarie Mol, Nikolas Rose y Ludwick Fleck. A análise indica a multiplicidade de mortes que podem ser performadas dependendo da prática na qual esta se coloca. Assim, se propõe olhar os cuidados paliativos e a eutanásia enquanto práticas, especialmente discursivas, enfatizando a materialidade destes discursos. São apresentados os processos que se desenvolveram na Colômbia e que tornaram possível a implementação destas práticas, as demandas de sujeitos frente às instâncias jurídicas e os debates suscitados na biomedicina e na religião católica. Através da análise destes discursos se pretende dar conta de suas condições de possibilidade, das estratégias que acionam, seus efeitos de poder e de saber. Busca-se ainda novas possibilidades de análises a partir da noção de biopolítica e de biopoder, bem como as implicações políticas de pensar a morte como parte da vida Pensar na eutanásia e nos cuidados paliativos permite compreender outra maneira de medicalizar a morte, que é aquela na qual os valores como a “dignidade” e a “autonomia” são centrais. Abre ainda um espaço no qual se configuram novas subjetividades de pessoas responsáveis pela qualidade do final da vida. Este texto dá conta de diversos acontecimentos que tornam possível pensar que a morte já não é o limite do poder e que deixar morrer não é fazer morrer. / This dissertation includes the analysis of the discursive practices of palliative care and euthanasia in Colombia, which was elaborated in constant dialogue with the approaches of Michel Foucault, Annemarie Mol, Nikolas Rose and Ludwick Fleck. This analysis presents the multiplicity of deaths that can be enact, depending on the practice in which they are being done, hence a look at palliative care and euthanasia as practices, especially discursive, and with it emphasizing the materiality of these discourses. Here we present the processes carried out in Colombia that have made possible the implementation of these practices, the claims of subjects before legal entities, and the debates aroused in biomedicine and in the Catholic religion. In the analysis of these discourses is intended to account for their conditions of possibility, the strategies in which they participate, their effects of power and knowledge. As well as the new possibilities of analysis within the notion of biopolitics and biopower and the political implications that comes with thinking about death as part of life Thinking about euthanasia and palliative care allows us to understand another way of medicalizing death, which would be one in which values such as "dignity" and "autonomy" are central, but also opens a space in which new subjectivities are being formed, people responsible for the quality of the end of their life, and the end of the lives of others. In this text several events are presented, that make it possible to think that death is no longer the limit of power and that letting die is not make die. / Esta disertación comprende el análisis de las prácticas discursivas cuidados paliativos y eutanasia en Colombia, el cual se elaboró en constante dialogo con los planteamientos de Michel Foucault, Annemarie Mol, Nikolas Rose y Ludwick Fleck. En este análisis se presentan la multiplicidad de muertes que pueden ser performadas, dependiendo de la práctica en la que estén siendo hechas, de ahí que se proponga una mirada sobre los cuidados paliativos y la eutanasia en tanto prácticas, especialmente discursivas, y con ello enfatizando la materialidad de esos discursos. Aquí se presentan los procesos llevados adelante en Colombia que han hecho posible la implementación de estas prácticas, los reclamos de sujetos ante instancias jurídicas, y los debates suscitados en la biomedicina y en la religión católica. En el análisis de estos discursos se pretende dar cuenta de sus condiciones de posibilidad, las estrategias en las que participan, sus efectos de poder y de saber. Así como también las nuevas posibilidades de análisis dentro de la noción de biopolítica y de biopoder y las implicaciones políticas que trae consigo pensar en la muerte como parte de la vida Pensar en la eutanasia y los cuidados paliativos permite entender otra manera de medicalizar la muerte, que sería aquella en la que valores como la “dignidad” y la “autonomía” son centrales, pero además abre un espacio en el que se están formando nuevas subjetividades, de personas responsables de la calidad del final de su vida, y del final de la vida de los otros. En este texto se da cuenta de variados acontecimientos que hacen posible pensar que la muerte ya no es el límite del poder y que dejar morir, no es hacer morir.

EIA's contribution to increased environmental awareness is a posited means by which EIA's contribution to a substantive level of environmental protection can be measured. However, little research has been done to evaluate and properly contextualise this increased environmental awareness in members of the public who participate in EIA and its associated processes of public participation. Utilising a Foucauldian understanding of power and governmentality, this research has shown how this process of becoming environmentally aware takes place within a broader application of governmental power and it is within this context which the success (or otherwise) of steering towards a greater environmental awareness must be evaluated. The biopolitical intentions EIA has for managing environmental life in general draws strict boundaries of expertise and authority in governing the environment, and as products of this formation of governmental power the public become subjects of expert direction. In opposition to this, the public produced a rural environment and local community as defined and governed by forms of experiential knowledge, which although pertaining to a truth-oriented mentality of rule, exerted a similar biopolitical control over the environment and immutable form of authority and expertise within it. It is contended that for EIA to penetrate bounded environments and disrupt their totalising environmentalities, the tool must extend the meaning of uncertainty to explicitly recognise the conflict that exists between actors and their respective environments. In this way, EIA can contribute to a form of self-reflexive and -critical environmental citizenship deemed necessary for a thorough investigation into the political dimensions of the environment and its associated substantive measures of enhancement and protection. Employing a realist governmentality approach to the case-study of the 2016 public inquiry in shale energy proposals in Lancashire, this research generated discourse analyses of key policy documents and public contributions to the inquiry in addition to a 'lived experience' of the inquiry as a participatory space through participant observation. The key findings were that at the policy level, the participating member of the public is produced as both a trustee and an expert, heightening the potential for conflict. Further to this, the experiences of the public inquiry added to this potential by seeking to impose on the participant an individualised, silent identity which was directly contradicted by the public during 'non-technical' sessions who sought to participate actively and collectively. Within their contributions the public produced further internal conflicts, with aspects of this discourse relying on existing institutionalised forms of knowledge and expertise to respond to environmental problems, while in others asserting that localised and personal experiences were necessary. EIA as a technique of government can have a leading role in defining the environment in both a physical, surrounding sense and as a mentality. To do so and challenge essentialised and concrete ideas regarding the environment avoiding the acts of exclusion that underpin them becoming normalised the thesis builds on the analysis to make a proposition for a more effective agonistic EIA process.