This thesis describes and analyses discourses that preceded the legislation changes regarding assisted reproduction in connection with setting an upper age limit for women who are undergoing assisted reproduction treatments in socialist system as well as in democratic system. This work defined discourses of both political systems compares with the accent on governmentality as a tool for population control. This analysis is valuable primarily because of describing principles of working the whole "system of assisted reproduction" and provides insight into the political discourse of infertility, respective on its part concerning the Czech legislation taking into account the phenomenon of reproductive tourism. No one from the topics - both the political discourse of infertility then the reproductive tourism have not had been in the Czech literature written up yet. The work shows the establishment of proper parenting standards in the political discourse through the topic of artificial insemination. Key words Infertility, assisted reproduction, reproductive tourism, discourse, frames, normality of motherhood, prekarization of infertility, governmentality, biopower, Michel Foucault

Le processus menant à la stérilisation irréversible chez les femmes nullipares comporte plusieurs enjeux sur le plan individuel et social. L’objectif de cette recherche est de comprendre de quelle façon est vécue cette expérience par ces femmes au sein du système de santé québécois en portant attention aux difficultés administratives et émotionnelles du processus et aux moyens utilisés pour surmonter ces difficultés et parvenir à réaliser l’opération de stérilisation. Cette recherche a été concrétisée grâce à la participation de treize femmes qui n’ont pas d’enfant et qui souhaitent se faire ligaturer les trompes de Fallope. Les entrevues semi-dirigées réalisées auprès de ces participantes qui composent le corpus de données de cette recherche ont été effectuées sur les plateformes de visioconférence Zoom et Facetime. L’analyse des résultats de l’étude a permis de démontrer qu’une identité liée à la biosocialité émerge au fil du processus, que l’expérience de ces femmes témoigne d’une forme d’agentivité à la fois active et passive et enfin que la relation que ses femmes établissent avec les médecins au sein du système de santé peut être problématisée en termes de biopouvoir. Cette recherche permet d’une part d’offrir un regard anthropologique sur l’expérience des femmes sans enfant par choix tout au long du processus menant à la ligature des trompes de Fallope. D’autre part, elle contribue à cerner les enjeux qui sont en lien avec la reproduction et ceux qui concernent l’hégémonie de la biomédecine au sein du système de santé québécois. / The process leading to irreversible sterilization for nulliparous women involves several individual and social issues. The objective of this research is to understand how this experience is lived by these women within the Quebec healthcare system by paying attention to the administrative and emotional difficulties of the process and to the means used to overcome these difficulties and achieve the sterilization operation. This research was carried out by the participation of thirteen women who do not have children and who wish to undergo tubal ligation. The semi-structured interviews conducted with these participants make up the corpus of datas for this research. They were conducted on Zoom videoconferencing platforms as well as on Facetime. The analysis of the results of the study allowed to demonstrate that an identity linked to biosociality emerges throughout the process, that the experience of these women testifies to a form of agency that is both active and passive, and finally that a form of biopower emerges from their relationship with the physicians within the health system. On the one hand, this research provides an anthropological look at the experience of women who are childfree by choice throughout the process leading to tubal ligation. On the other hand, it contributes to identify issues related to reproduction and those concerning the hegemony of biomedicine within the Quebec health system.

This paper examines critical perspectives on Body Mass Index (BMI) in ongoing societaldiscussions, focusing on poststructuralism, gender, consumer society, and race. Using fatstudies, intersectionality theory, and poststructuralism, the research integrates Foucault'spower theories. Analyzing six scholarly articles, the study categorizes BMI criticisms,emphasizing Foucault's biopower concepts as key to understanding societal regulation. Theparadox of power is evident as the slim body signifies self-discipline in a consumer-drivenculture valuing control. The paper also highlights BMI's critique for disregarding gender andrace, originating from the white male body, and immerses into historical associations. Thefindings of this paper uncovers how the discourse on BMI is connected to commercialinterests, politics, and economics, influencing power dynamics. In conclusion, the studyunderscores the link between BMI discourse, poststructuralism, and self-discipline, whilerevealing its limitations in a diversity context, with gender and race influencing criticism.Power, commercial interests, and societal politics emerge as crucial within this discourse.

[pt] Esta monografia tem, como objetivo geral, perceber a articulação entre as relações de poder e a população ao longo de diferentes períodos. Partindo de alguns conceitos clássicos, desenvolvidos pelo filósofo Francês Michel Foucault, como poder de soberania e disciplinar, bem como a noção de sociedade de controle trabalhada por Gilles Deleuze, será feita uma análise dos mecanismos que levam à passagem de uma tecnologia de poder a outra ao longo de diferentes momentos do processo histórico. / [en] This monograph has as main objective to understand the relationship between power relations and the population over different periods. Starting with some classic concepts developed by French philosopher Michel Foucault, as sovereign and disciplinary power, and the notion of control society of control by Gilles Deleuze, is an analysis of the mechanisms that lead to the passage of power from one technology to another over different times of the historical process.

This thesis explores precarization of work and subject formation in seven post-referendum Brexit novels through theories of cognitive capitalism and biopolitical production. The analysis is anchored in Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri’s reconceptualization of Michel Foucault’s notion of biopolitics. Hardt and Negri combine the concept of biopolitics with contemporary theories of cognitive capitalism and immaterial labour, to illuminate how subjects are subsumed into a system of biopower in which capitalistic production has become biopolitical production. I argue that the Brexit novels examined in this thesis demonstrate how the intrinsic bond between production and life shapes the characters’ relationship to the referendum. As the characters are caught between individual goals and communal values, in a system that demands that they take sole responsibility for their own success while also being responsible democratic citizens, the referendum produces conflicted subjects that experience deep internal and external conflicts in relation to Brexit.

Mention obtenue: Exceptionelle / Cette thèse s’intéresse à l’inscription des sujets LGBTQ dans les discours dominants et leurs dispositifs dans le cadre de la production culturelle caribéenne récente. Pour ce faire, la recherche se base sur l’autobiographie Antes que anochezca de Reinaldo Arenas; les romans El Rey de La Habana de Pedro Juan Gutiérrez et Masi de Gay Victor; le recueil de nouvelles Mundo cruel de Luis Negrón; la nouvelle « ¡Jum! » de Luis Rafael Sánchez; les poèmes « Young Faggot » et « Surrender » de Faizal (Deen) Forrester; le documentaire Des hommes et des dieux d’Anne Lescot et de Laurence Magloire. Le point de départ théorique de la thèse st le concept (bio)pouvoir développé par Michel Foucault, soit un réseau de relations de pouvoir omniprésent qui encadre, détermine, crée, définit et limite les sujets à l’aide de discours (tels que l’idéologie ou la religion) et de dispositifs (comme le genre et la sexualité). Dans un premier temps, la thèse analyse la représentation du corps LGBTQ dans les discours que sont la norme du genre et de la sexualité, la nation et la religion (christianisme et religions syncrétiques afrocaribéennes). Marginalisés par la norme, les corps des sujets LGBTQ sont aussi définis comme étant problématiques par les discours nationaux et religieux. La thèse traite par la suite de la construction des identités LGBTQ caribéennes, qui sont représentées comme étant fortement dichotomiques et basées sur le rôle sexuel, ainsi que des espaces dans lesquels sont représentés les sujets LGBTQ caribéens. Ceux-ci sont marginaux et fonctionnent comme des hétérotopies. Finalement, la thèse s’intéresse aux stratégies de survie qui permettent aux sujets LGBTQ caribéens de négocier avec le biopouvoir : la désidentification, l’invisibilité contextuelle et la migration. / This thesis concerns the inscription of LGBTQ subjects in dominant discourses and their apparatus in the context of recent Caribbean cultural production: Antes que anochezca by Reinaldo Arenas, El Rey de La Habana by Pedro Juan Gutiérrez, and Masi by Gary Victor; the collection of short stories Mundo cruel by Luis Negrón; the short story “¡Jum!” by Luis Rafael Sánchez; the poems “Young Faggot” and “Surrender” by Faizal (Deen) Forrester; and finally, the documentary film Des hommes et des dieux by Anne Lescot and Laurence Magloire. The theorical starting point of this thesis is the concept of (bio)power developed by Michel Foucault: an omnipresent web of power relationships that oversees, determines, creates, defines and limits subjects by means of discourses (such as ideology or religion) and apparatus (like gender and sexuality). Additionally, the thesis deals with the construction of Caribbean LGBTQ identities, which are represented as strongly dichotomic and based on the sexual role, and with the physical spaces in which Caribbean LGBTQ subjects are represented. These are not only marginal but they function as heterotopies. Finally, the thesis analyses the survival strategies that allow Caribbean LGBTQ subjects to negotiate with biopower, such as disidentification, (in)visibility, and migration. / Esta tesis se interesa en la inscripción de los sujetos LGBTQ en los discursos dominantes y en sus dispositivos del biopoder en la reciente producción cultural caribeña: Antes que anochezca de Reinaldo Arenas, El Rey de La Habana de Pedro Juan Gutiérrez y Masi de Gay Victor; la colección de cuentos Mundo cruel de Luis Negrón; el cuento “¡Jum!” de Luis Rafael Sánchez; los poemas “Young Faggot” y “Surrender” de Faizal (Deen) Forrester; el documental Des hommes et des dieux de Anne Lescot et de Laurence Magloire. El punto de partida teórico de esta tesis es el concepto de (bio)poder desarrollado por Foucault, es decir una red de relaciones de poder omnipresente que enmarca, determina, crea, define y limita a los sujetos gracias a discursos (tales como la ideología o la religión) y a dispositivos (como el género y la sexualidad). Inicialmente la tesis analizará la representación del cuerpo LGBTQ en el discurso de la norma sexual y de género, la nación y la religión (cristianismo y religiones sincréticas afrocaribeñas). Marginalizados por la norma, los cuerpos de los sujetos LGBTQ también son definidos como problemáticos por los discursos nacionales y religiosos. A continuación, la tesis analiza la construcción de las identidades LGBTQ caribeñas, que son representadas como fuertemente dicotómicas y basadas en el rol sexual, y los espacios físicos en los que son representados los sujetos LGBTQ. Estos son marginales y funcionan como heterotopías. Finalmente, la tesis deslinda las estrategias de supervivencia que permiten que los sujetos LGBTQ caribeños negocien con el biopoder: la desidentificación, la invisibilidad contextual y la migración.