This thesis describes the cultivation and extraction of filamentous fungi isolated from extreme environments in the search for new antibiotic compounds. Filamentous fungi are a rich source of medicines including antibiotics, and it is believed that many currently unknown fungal species and bioactive fungal metabolites remain to be discovered. Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicillium nalgiovense strains were isolated from an antibiotic-contaminated riverbed near Hyderabad, India, and soil taken from a penguin’s nest on Paulete Island, Antarctica, respectively. It was anticipated that the extreme conditions within these environments would exert unusual selective pressures on their filamentous fungi, possibly causing the secretion of new bioactive compounds. The cultivation, extraction and analysis of metabolites from the A. fumigatus strain resulted in the isolation of the antimicrobial substance gliotoxin. Subsequent investigations revealed that this strain’s secretion of gliotoxin was increased by as much as 65 % when it was cultivated in the presence of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. These results indicate the existence of a fungal receptor/signaling system for detecting nearby bacteria. The scope for using gliotoxin and the related metabolite bis(methyl)gliotoxin as biomarker metabolites for diagnosing the lethal pulmonary condition invasive aspergillosis was also investigated. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from 42 patients with and without possible invasive aspergillosis was extracted and analyzed. The results obtained suggest that gliotoxin and bis(methyl)gliotoxin are not suitable markers for diagnosing invasive aspergillosis. Studies on the P. nalgiovense strain from Antarctica resulted in the isolation of the antifungal agent amphotericin B. The secretion of this compound increased when P. nalgiovense was cultured on a potato-dextrose agar enriched with coconut flakes rather than liquid RPMI 1640 medium. This was the first time amphotericin B was isolated from any organism other than the bacterium Streptomyces nodosus. The results presented in this thesis will be useful in the continuing search for novel bioactive compounds, the diagnosis of fungal infections, and as a source of insight into the interactions between microorganisms. Moreover, they show that even extensively studied fungal genera such as Aspergillus and Penicillium are not completely understood and may produce unexpected or previously unknown bioactive metabolites under appropriate conditions.

The reaction between pentacarbonylbis(trimethylsilyl)ethynetungsten(0), W(CO)5(&amp / #951 / 2-btmse), and triphenylbismuthine, Bi&Oslash / 3, yields pentacarbonyltriphenylbismuthinetungsten(0), W(CO)5(Bi&Oslash / 3), as the sole product. The kinetics of the substitution of btmse by Bi&Oslash / 3 was studied by means of quantitative FT-IR Spectroscopy. The starting complex was prepared photochemically from hexacarbonyltungsten, W(CO)6, in the presence of excess btmse in n-hexane and identified by FT-IR and NMR Spectroscopies. The substitution reactions were performed in cyclohexane solutions at different concentrations of both leaving and entering ligand to observe the dependence of observed rate constant, kobs, on the concentration of entering and leaving ligands and also, at different temperatures to evaluate the activation enthalpy (&amp / #8710 / H&amp / #8800 / ) and the activation entropy (&amp / #8710 / S&amp / #8800 / ). The IR extinction coefficients for CO stretching were determined for both the starting complex W(CO)5(&amp / #951 / 2-btmse), and the product W(CO)5(Bi&Oslash / 3). Quantitative IR Spectroscopy does not show any significant reduction in the total amount of substance (material balance). Formation of W(CO)6 (in small amount) was attributed to the decomposition of the product, W(CO)5Bi&Oslash / 3. From the evaluation of kinetic data, a mechanism was proposed in which the rate determining step is the cleavage of btmse ligand from the starting complex, W(CO)5(&amp / #951 / 2-btmse) and the formation of solvated complex, W(CO)5(solvent). Thus, the reaction is essentially dissociative. The large positive value of activation entropy (&amp / #8710 / S&amp / #8800 / ) and large value of activation enthalpy (&amp / #8710 / H&amp / #8800 / ) are indicative of a dissociative mechanism.

Universiẗat, Diss., 1999--Marburg.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é tratar das identidades vinculadas às representações da masculinidade bissexual, a partir de material coletado num período de tempo bem marcado – 1995 a 2000 –, num espaço delimitado – Brasil – e através de uma forma específica – uma rede postal integrada por homens informantes espalhados em numerosas cidades do país. A análise do material é feita dentro do paradigma do construcionismo social, e tomando como referência as construções culturais de gênero, sexo, sexualidade, identidade, representação e masculinidade, que auxiliam a entender a situação não apenas dos indivíduos que vivem esta particular forma de masculinidade, mas a sexualidade de forma ampla. A ancoragem teórica desta investigação situa-se nos campos dos estudos culturais, dos estudos de gênero e do pósestruturalismo, que justamente propiciam a construção de explicações sobre a sexualidade não restritas ao referencial biológico e psicológico, e radicam suas análises no campo cultural, entendendo a cultura como um horizonte de luta por representações e significações. Todo esse esforço de compreensão é trazido ao campo da educação, uma vez que nesta área as reflexões sobre identidade e representação são estratégicas, pois que a construção da identidade é sempre fruto de pedagogias postas em ação, no caso aqui, as chamadas pedagogias da sexualidade.

‘(…) to ensure equality for all children, this Regulation covers all decisions on parental responsibility, including measures for the protection of the child, independently of any link with matrimonial proceedings.' [Recital 5 of Brussels II bis] Brussels II bis (Council Regulation 2201/2003) complements the Hague Convention on Child Abduction, with its well-established set of international rules and the related definitions based on a considerable body of case law. The interrelation has given rise to difficulties of application and issues of interpretation despite the existence of a set of rules supposed to regulate the complementary structures. Besides this interrelation, the Regulation interacts with the Hague Convention on Child Protection. Though Brussels II bis has been analysed with regard to different single aspects, it has not yet been considered which consequences the actual provisions of the Regulation and the ECJ’s decisions have both on the interrelation and its application in the national courts. It has further hitherto not been critically analysed whether the Regulation and the judgments of the ECJ take the right direction to meet the ambitious aim defined in the preamble and throughout the text, respecting the ‘best interests’ of the child. Now that a decade of Brussels II bis has passed and with a series of pioneer cases decided by the ECJ and with an intervention of the ECtHR in Convention and Regulation cases, the Regulation’s effectiveness is worthy of critical consideration. Despite the existence of some specific rules on the interrelation of the Regulation and the Conventions, their very co-existence gave rise to various interacting situations and questions of interpretation. For courts familiar with the rules of the Convention on Child Abduction and with at least their own respective national case law arising under it, the application of the added layer of rules of the Regulation and the interpretation of its different concepts was and still remains a challenge. A comparison of Brussels II bis with the two international instruments with regard to the role of ‘habitual residence’ and the suitability of the other central concepts of the provisions for the particularity of family disputes will demonstrate the differences of cases involving the Regulation and those involving the Conventions. III By governing jurisdiction, recognition and enforcement of judgments and orders relating to parental responsibility, the Regulation has a very wide application covering, for example, custody, access, guardianship and even placement of children in foster or institutional care. Further, Brussels II bis takes up concepts which lie at the very heart of the application of the Convention on Child Abduction and about which there is extensive jurisprudence. This thesis will explore a selection of legal issues arising from the interrelation between these private international law instruments dealing with parental responsibility and child abduction which the national courts applying the Regulation are confronted with. The question whether Brussels II bis is an effective instrument which has strengthened the return mechanism under the Convention on Child Abduction and can work hand in hand with the Convention on Child Protection is also important to critically evaluate. It will be considered if the provisions in the Regulation have been drafted clearly enough and the concepts defined so well that they promote the interests of the children concerned, where the provisions are complementing the Convention on Child Abduction, and has learned from the latter’s flaws so as to enhance the recognition and enforcement processes related to child abduction. It will be concluded whether or not the Regulation is an advancement only in terms of having implemented efficient, intra-Community provisions on jurisdiction, recognition and enforcement or a real advancement supporting the ‘best interests’ of the child(ren), despite the complications of application it has introduced.

Submitted by Ana Hilda Fonseca (anahilda@ufba.br) on 2016-05-03T17:46:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese de Doutorado - Amenson T Gomes (CD).pdf: 11202696 bytes, checksum: 88053d34fc07bed7162071a566ed7c7d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Hilda Fonseca (anahilda@ufba.br) on 2016-05-13T15:15:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese de Doutorado - Amenson T Gomes (CD).pdf: 11202696 bytes, checksum: 88053d34fc07bed7162071a566ed7c7d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-13T15:15:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese de Doutorado - Amenson T Gomes (CD).pdf: 11202696 bytes, checksum: 88053d34fc07bed7162071a566ed7c7d (MD5) / CNPq / A síntese de guanidinas e 5-aminotetrazois possui uma importância significativa, pois são classes de compostos bastantes versáteis como bloco de construção para outras substâncias orgânicas, tais como compostos heterocíclos, e alcaloides, assim também, com grande interesse biológico como, antibacterial, antidiabético, anti-histamínico, anti-inflamatório, anti- hipertensivo, antiviral, entre outros. Nos últimos anos, o uso de micro-ondas em síntese orgânica tem sido bastante empregado. Neste senário, com objetivo em obter as reações em um espaço de tempo curto, neste trabalho realizou um método sintético nas sínteses de guanidinas e 5-aminotetrazois em que as reações foram realizadas em um reator dedicado empregando aquecimento em micro-ondas, usando-se como catalisador sais de bismuto (III) na síntese de guanidinas e 5-aminotetrazois. Foram obtidos guanidinas, bisguanidinas, 5- aminotetrazois e bis-5-aminotetrazois. Após otimização das reações, os produtos foram obtidos com rendimentos de médios a bons em tempos reacionais relativamente curtos. / The synthesis of guanidines, and 5-aminotetrazoles, has a significant importance, as they are quite versatile class of compounds as a building block for others organic substances, such as, heterocycle compounds and alkaloids, so also with great biological interest as antibacterial, anti-diabetic, antihistamine, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antiviral, among others. In recent years, the use of microwaves in organic synthesis has been widely employed. In this senary, in order to obtain the reactions in a short time, this study conducted a synthetic method in the synthesis of guanidines and 5- aminotetrazoles where the reactions were performed in a dedicated reactor employing microwave heating, using as catalyst bismuth (III) salts in the synthesis of guanidines and 5-aminotetrazoles. Guanidines, bisguanidines, 5- aminotetrazoles and bis-5-aminotetrazois were obtained. After optimization of reaction, products were obtained with average to good yields in relatively short reaction times.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / O presente estudo documental tem como principal objetivo apreender, através da análise dos parâmetros teórico-metodológicos (PTM`s), a proposta de qualificação profissional desenvolvida no REUNI e nos BI`s UFBA. A escolha de investigar os PTM`s se deu por compreender que estes representam bem a proposta de qualificação profissional de ambos os planos referidos anteriormente, pois agregam uma série de categorias e conceitos que vêm sendo utilizados como referência pelas IES na adesão ao REUNI. Investigamos as respectivas categorias e conceitos e fizemos uma análise com base na referência de qualificação profissional como relação social. Percebemos que a proposta de qualificação profissional em voga no REUNI desloca e reduz esta referência de qualificação profissional em favorecimento à noção de competências e habilidades para o mercado. A metodologia adotada para a construção do texto foi de investigar, fichar e analisar criticamente as fontes primárias (documentos do governo, UFBA e BM) e secundárias (revisão de literatura de textos atuais que tratam deste objeto). Voltamos também esforços para a definição de categorias do método dialético, analíticas e de conteúdo que estivessem articuladas entre si, proporcionando a realização de mediações, próprias do método de análise e exposição adotado, o materialismo histórico dialético. A hipótese principal do estudo é que as tendências e diretrizes do REUNI contemplam as necessidades de reprodução do capital subsumindo o trabalho humano à sua lógica, cumprindo as demandas vinculadas às suas transformações contemporâneas. Estas medidas consistem numa heteronomia e visam desenvolver a formação de uma força de trabalho qualificada para atender a sociabilidade capitalista, porém ao mesmo tempo desqualificam a formação do trabalhador no que diz respeito à perspectiva da formação humana. Concluímos que se faz necessário o acúmulo de forças do campo da esquerda com intuito de travar uma disputa de hegemonia para desenvolver PTM`s, com base nas contradições e possibilidades do objeto, tendo como referência a lógica da formação humana. / The present documentary study has as main objective to apprehend, through the analysis of theoretical and methodological parameters (PTM's), the proposed of professional qualification developed in REUNI and BI `s UFBA. The choice to investigate the PTM `s was for understand that they represent well the proposed qualifications of both the plans mentioned above, for an aggregate number of categories and concepts that have been used as a reference by the IES in compliance REUNI. We investigated the respective categories and concepts and analyze based on professional qualification as a social relation. We see that the proposed qualification in vogue REUNI shifts and reduces this reference in favor of professional qualification to the notion of competencies and skills to the market. The methodology adopted for the construction of the text was to investigate and critically analyze the primary sources (official documents from government and research institutions - UFBA and World Bank) and secondary sources (literature review of current texts dealing with the same object). We came back well our efforts to define categories of dialectical method, analytical categories and content categories that were articulated with each other, providing the proper performance of mediations, typical of the method of analysis and exposition adopted, the historical and dialectical materialism. The main hypothesis of the study is that the trends and guidelines in this process of university reform, embodied in REUNI, beheld the needs of capital reproduction subsuming human labor to its logical, fulfilling the demands linked to their contemporary transformations. Those measures consist of a heteronomy and aim to develop the training of a workforce "qualified" to serve a capitalist sociability, but at the same time disqualifies the worker's training with respect to the perspective of Human Training. We conclude that it is necessary the buildup of forces of left field with the intention of waging a struggle for hegemony to develop PTM `s, based on the contradictions and possibilities of the object, with reference to the logic of human training.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é tratar das identidades vinculadas às representações da masculinidade bissexual, a partir de material coletado num período de tempo bem marcado – 1995 a 2000 –, num espaço delimitado – Brasil – e através de uma forma específica – uma rede postal integrada por homens informantes espalhados em numerosas cidades do país. A análise do material é feita dentro do paradigma do construcionismo social, e tomando como referência as construções culturais de gênero, sexo, sexualidade, identidade, representação e masculinidade, que auxiliam a entender a situação não apenas dos indivíduos que vivem esta particular forma de masculinidade, mas a sexualidade de forma ampla. A ancoragem teórica desta investigação situa-se nos campos dos estudos culturais, dos estudos de gênero e do pósestruturalismo, que justamente propiciam a construção de explicações sobre a sexualidade não restritas ao referencial biológico e psicológico, e radicam suas análises no campo cultural, entendendo a cultura como um horizonte de luta por representações e significações. Todo esse esforço de compreensão é trazido ao campo da educação, uma vez que nesta área as reflexões sobre identidade e representação são estratégicas, pois que a construção da identidade é sempre fruto de pedagogias postas em ação, no caso aqui, as chamadas pedagogias da sexualidade.

abstract: A lack of adequate energy storage technologies is arguably the greatest hindrance to a modern sustainable energy infrastructure. Chemical energy storage, in the form of batteries, is an obvious solution to the problem. Unfortunately, today’s state of the art battery technologies fail to meet the desired metrics for full scale electric grid and/or electric vehicle role out. Considerable effort from scientists and engineers has gone into the pursuit of battery chemistries theoretically capable of far outperforming leading technologies like Li-ion cells. For instance, an anode of the relatively abundant and cheap metal, magnesium, would boost the specific energy by over 4.6 times that of the current Li-ion anode (LiC6). The work presented here explores the compatibility of magnesium electrolytes in TFSI–-based ionic liquids with a Mg anode (TFSI = bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide). Correlations are made between the Mg2+ speciation conditions in bulk solutions (as determined via Raman spectroscopy) and the corresponding electrochemical behavior of the electrolytes. It was found that by creating specific chelating conditions, with an appropriate Mg salt, the desired electrochemical behavior could be obtained, i.e. reversible electrodeposition and dissolution. Removal of TFSI– contact ion pairs from the Mg2+ solvation shell was found to be essential for reversible electrodeposition. Ionic liquids with polyethylene glycol chains pendent from a parent pyrrolidinium cation were synthesized and used to create the necessary complexes with Mg2+, from Mg(BH4)2, so that reversible electrodeposition from a purely ionic liquid medium was achieved. The following document discusses findings from several electrochemical experiments on magnesium electrolytes in ionic liquids. Explanations for the failure of many of these systems to produce reversible Mg electrodeposition are provided. The key characteristics of ionic liquid systems that are capable of achieving reversible Mg electrodeposition are also given. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Chemistry 2016

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-01T13:10:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-11-06. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-07-01T13:14:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000866936.pdf: 1220294 bytes, checksum: 4c57fe16155fd1456befca08e06dd4e1 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o índice biespectral e os efeitos hemodinâmicos, respiratórios e hemogasométricos da infusão contínua de propofol associado ou não ao fentanil em bezerros. Foram utilizados oito animais machos entre seis e doze meses de idade, holandeses, com massa corporal média de 123 ± 18 kg. Todos os animais participaram de ambos os grupos, respeitando-se sempre um intervalo mínimo de uma semana entre uma anestesia e outra, os bezerros foram aleatoriamente distribuídos entre os grupos. Os animais foram induzidos à anestesia com propofol na dose de 5 mg/kg; IV, grupo controle (GP) ou propofol 4 mg/kg associado ao fentanil 0,001 mg/kg; IV, grupo fentanil (GF) e posicionados em decúbito lateral direito, onde permaneceram respirando espontaneamente ar ambiente. Ato contínuo, a manutenção anestésica foi realizada pela infusão contínua de propofol na taxa de 0,6 mg/kg/minuto; IV, associado ou não à infusão de fentanil 0,001 mg/kg/hora.Em ambos os grupos os fármacos foram administrados por meio de bomba de infusão durante 60 minutos. A mensuração das variáveis hemodinâmicas (FC, PAS, PAD, PAM, DC, PVC, PAPm, PAPOm, IC, IS, IRVS e IRVP), respiratórias (ETCO2, f, SpO2, VTE e VME), hemogasométricas (PaO2, PaCO2, SaO2, DB, pH e HCO3-) e indice bispectral (BIS, IQS e EMG) foi feita antes da indução anestésica (MB), e 15, 30,45 e 60 minutos após o início da infusão contínua dos fármacos (M15, M30, M45 e M60, respectivamente). Os parâmetros hemodinâmicos mantiveram-se estáveis durante o período de avalição, não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos nas variáveis respiratórias ou no BIS, porém, todos os animais apresentaram depressão respiratória e acidose. Com a infusão de propofol associado ou não ao fentanil obteve-se manutenção satisfatória dos parâmetros hemodinâmicos com depressão respiratória, indicando, portanto, a necessidade do emprego de ventilação... / The aim of this study was to evaluate the bispectral index and hemodynamic, respiratory and blood gas effects of continuous infusion of propofol with or without fentanyl in calves. Eight animals were used, with six to 12 months old, male Holstein calves, with an average weight of 123 ± 18 kg. All animals participated in both groups, respecting always a minimum interval of one week between the anesthetic procedures, the calves were randomly distributed between groups. They were induced to anesthesia with propofol at a dose of 5 mgkg-1 IV control group (GP) or propofol 4 mg kg-1 associated with fentanyl 0.001mgkg-1 IV fentanyl group (GF) and positioned in right lateral decubitus, where remained spontaneously breathing room air. Subsequently, the Anesthesia was maintained by continuous infusion of propofol at the rate of 0.6 mg kg-1 min-1 IV, with or without the infusion of fentanyl 0.001mg kg-1 hour-1. In both groups, drugs were administered through an infusion pump over 60 minutes. The measurements of hemodynamic parameters (HR, SAP, DAP, MAP, CO, CVP, mPAP, mPAPO, CI, SI, SVRI and PVRI), respiratory (ETCO2, f, SpO2,VME and VTE), blood gas(PaO2, PaCO2, SaO2, DB, pHandHCO3-) and bispectral index (BIS, SQI and EMG) were evaluated before anesthesia induction(MB), 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after the beginning of continuous infusion of drugs (M15, M30, M45 and M60, respectively). Hemodynamic parameters remained stable during the evaluate on period, no significant differences were observed between the groups in the respiratory variables and BIS, however, all animals presented respiratory acidosis. With the infusion of propofol associated or not with fentanyl the maintenance of the hemodynamic parameters was satisfactory with respiratory acidosis indicating, therefore, the use of mechanical ventilation / FAPESP: 2013/09469-1