Submitted by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-12-08T17:37:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese-Thiago Santos-2013.pdf: 3081181 bytes, checksum: 2458be035ed935ff9e529ed2df6f9200 (MD5) / Rejected by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com), reason: on 2014-12-08T19:42:18Z (GMT) / Submitted by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-12-12T19:32:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Tese-Thiago Santos-2013.pdf: 3081181 bytes, checksum: 2458be035ed935ff9e529ed2df6f9200 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-12-16T09:22:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Tese-Thiago Santos-2013.pdf: 3081181 bytes, checksum: 2458be035ed935ff9e529ed2df6f9200 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-16T09:22:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Tese-Thiago Santos-2013.pdf: 3081181 bytes, checksum: 2458be035ed935ff9e529ed2df6f9200 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / (Sem resumo em outra língua) / Dentre os mecanismos que geram as distribuições das espécies, tem sido atribuído um papel localàs interações biológicasenquanto que as causas de padrões regionais ou globais são atribuídas às variáveis abióticas.Recentemente,um número crescente de trabalhostem concluído que as interações biológicas interespecíficas apresentam efeitos significativos sobre os limites das distribuições das espécies e que a variação espacial em grande escala de atributos populacionais, como a densidade, é mais bem explicada pelas interações que pelas condições abióticas. Os objetivos deste trabalho são, portanto, mensurar a importância das interações biológicas na distribuição espacial das espécies, tanto em relação aos limites das distribuições quanto à variação espacial nas densidades populacionais e discutir novas técnicas para se incluir as interações interespecíficas nos modelos de distribuição potencial. No primeiro capítulo, um modelo estatístico de sistema de equações foi empregado para se verificar o efeito da competição entre duas espécies de cupins de montículos, Cornitermescumulans e Cornitermes silvestrii.No segundo capítulo, foi analisado o efeito da distribuição potencial de Crotalaria maypurensis (Fabaceae), sobre a distribuição potencial de Utetheisa ornatrix(Arctiidae). No terceiro capítulo, a distribuição de um predador de topo, Panthera onca, e a variação espacial de sua densidade populacional foram estimadas usando-se modelos alométricos de interação predador-presa.

La théorie de l'homologie formalise la notion de trou dans un espace. Pour un sous-ensemble de l'espace Euclidien, on définit une séquence de groupes d'homologie, dont leurs rangs sont interprétés comme le nombre de trous de chaque dimension. Ces groupes sont calculables quand l'espace est décrit d'une façon combinatoire, comme c'est le cas pour les complexes simpliciaux ou cubiques. À partir d'un objet discret (un ensemble de pixels, voxels ou leur analogue en dimension supérieure) nous pouvons construire un complexe cubique et donc calculer ses groupes d'homologie.Cette thèse étudie trois approches relatives au calcul de l'homologie sur des objets discrets. En premier lieu, nous introduisons le champ de vecteurs discret homologique, une structure combinatoire généralisant les champs de vecteurs gradients discrets, qui permet de calculer les groupes d'homologie. Cette notion permet de voir la relation entre plusieurs méthodes existantes pour le calcul de l'homologie et révèle également des notions subtiles associés. Nous présentons ensuite un algorithme linéaire pour calculer les nombres de Betti dans un complexe cubique 3D, ce qui peut être utilisé pour les volumes binaires. Enfin, nous présentons deux mesures (l'épaisseur et l'ampleur) associés aux trous d'un objet discret, ce qui permet d'obtenir une signature topologique et géométrique plus intéressante que les simples nombres de Betti. Cette approche fournit aussi quelques heuristiques permettant de localiser les trous, d'obtenir des générateurs d'homologie ou de cohomologie minimaux, d'ouvrir et de fermer les trous. / Homology theory formalizes the concept of hole in a space. For a given subspace of the Euclidean space, we define a sequence of homology groups, whose ranks are considered as the number of holes of each dimension. Hence, b0, the rank of the 0-dimensional homology group, is the number of connected components, b1 is the number of tunnels or handles and b2 is the number of cavities. These groups are computable when the space is described in a combinatorial way, as simplicial or cubical complexes are. Given a discrete object (a set of pixels, voxels or their analog in higher dimension) we can build a cubical complex and thus compute its homology groups.This thesis studies three approaches regarding the homology computation of discrete objects. First, we introduce the homological discrete vector field, a combinatorial structure which generalizes the discrete gradient vector field and allows to compute the homology groups. This notion allows to see the relation between different existing methods for computing homology. Next, we present a linear algorithm for computing the Betti numbers of a 3D cubical complex, which can be used for binary volumes. Finally, we introduce two measures (the thickness and the breadth) associated to the holes in a discrete object, which provide a topological and geometric signature more interesting than only the Betti numbers. This approach provides also some heuristics for localizing holes, obtaining minimal homology or cohomology generators, opening and closing holes.

本研究主要探討藥妝零售產業提升預測顧客行為的模型與方法，並以RFM模型為基礎進行延伸。RFM模型在行銷領域中是廣泛被使用的模型，具有良好預測和分群顧客的能力，本研究在此模型中加入了兩項新指標：集中度 (C) 和 廣度 (B)，並針對顧客的「交易頻率」和「交易利潤」進行分析，藉此找出優於RFM的指標組合。首先將RFM、C、B共五項指標進行排列組合，並以迴歸分析驗證新增的兩項指標能顯著提升模型解釋能力，接著將RFM指標組合及RFMCB指標組合分別作為機器學習方法的解釋變數以預測顧客行為。對顧客交易頻率而言，C和B兩項指標的加入能顯著提升其預測能力，對顧客交易利潤而言，新指標的加入，平均而言對於預測精準度有所提升，但在部分資料中會使誤差值增加以致整體誤差的最大值有所提升。 / This research proposes modeling techniques to better predict customer behaviors in the retail industry. Extending the widely-adopted RFM model in marketing, we introduce two new metrics – clumpiness (C) and breadth (B). Using more than two million transaction records from over 100 retail pharmacy stores in Taiwan, we fit a set of regression models, in which we assess the explanatory power of different combinations of RFMCB for customer purchase frequency and profitability. Our analysis shows that the RFM model is significantly inferior to models with C and/or B, suggesting that C and B are indeed promising metrics. In the next stage, we will apply machine learning methods to incorporate C and B into predictive models and assess their out-of-sample prediction performance. On Average, RFMCB outperforms RFM in predicting Frequency & Profit. However, there are some cases where RFMCB leads to larger prediction error.

Syftet med denna studie är att belysa arbetet med genrebreddning inom sångundervisning på kulturskola och identifiera vilken betydelse sånglärares utbildning och musikaliska bakgrund har för elevers möjligheter att få sjunga olika genrer. Forskningsfrågorna är följande: Vilka möjliga mönster finns mellan lärares undervisning och deras egna genreintresse, musikaliska identitet och utbildning? Hur talar sånglärare på kulturskolan om sitt arbete med genrebreddning? Tidigare forskning om ämnet visar starka kopplingar mellan genre och identitet, samt att undervisningen påverkas av lärarens musikaliska bakgrund. Studien är av kvalitativ art och fyra sånglärare på kulturskolan har intervjuats i semistrukturerade intervjuer. Intervjuerna har transkriberats och analyserats med tematisk analys och utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv. Resultatet lyfter två huvudteman: Genre och identitet och Undervisning utifrån genre. Resultatet pekar på samband och skillnader mellan informanternas svar och visar att informanterna själva drar starka kopplingar mellan deras egna genreintressen och den undervisning de erbjuder. De delar åsikten att genrebreddning är givande för undervisningen och att det är viktigt att inte lägga värdering i vilka genrer eller sångsätt som är bra eller dåliga. De har dock olika bild av hur arbetet med genrebreddning kan gå till. I diskussionen lyfts resultatet till en mer generell nivå och kopplas till tidigare forskning om ämnet. Exempel på ämnen som lyfts är möjligheten att undervisa genrefritt, och hur informanternas utbildning påverkat deras undervisning och genreval. / The aim of this study is to enlighten the work with genre breadth in teaching singing at the municipal school of arts and to identify the way the education and musical background of the singing teacher affects pupils’ possibilities to sing a variety of genres. The research questions are: What possible connections are there between the teachers’ instruction and their own interests, identity and education in different genres? How do the singing teachers at the municipal school of arts talk about their work with genre breadth? Previous research about the subject shows strong connections between genre and identity, and that instruction is affected by teachers’ background in music. The study is qualitative and four singing teachers at the municipal school of arts have been interviewed in semi-structured interviews. The interviews have been transcribed and analysed with thematic analysis based on a socio-cultural perspective. The result reveals two main themes: Genre and identity and Instruction based on genre. The result points to connections and differences between the informants' answers and shows that the informants themselves see strong connections between their own interests in genre and the instruction they offer. They share the opinion that genre breadth is rewarding for their interaction and that it is important not to value which genres and singing styles that are good or bad. They do however differentiate their view on how they work with genre breadth.  The discussion lifts the results to a more general level and connect the themes to previous research about the subject. Examples of themes that are illuminated are the possibilities to teach free from genre, and how the informants’ education have affected their instruction and choices in genre.

I världen växer forskning på självgående fordon dagligen.Målet med detta projekt var att skapa ett självgåendefordon och utforska möjligheterna att använda infrarödareflektioner som navigeringsmetod och hur man kanuppnå distinkta mätvärden. Avhandlingen diskuterar ävenmöjligheterna att använda flera prototyper i en störreskala. Under projektets gång byggdes ett prototypfordonför att genomföra experimenten angående lämplighetenmed navigering via infrarött ljus. Tester med prototypenvisar att navigering via infrarött ljus är väldigt pålitligtunder kontrollerade omständigheter. Projektet utforskaräven hur hierarkisk mjukvaruarkitektur står sig mot heltlokal eller centraliserad mjukvaruarkitektur. / In the world, research on autonomous navigation vehicles(AGV) is growing by the day. The goal with this projectwas to create an AGV and explore the possibility of usinginfrared reflections as a navigational method and how toachieve distinct reflection measurements from a surface.The thesis also discusses the possibility of using severalunits on a larger scale. In the progress of the project, aprototype vehicle was built to conduct the experiments toidentify the suitability of infrared navigation. The testingof the prototype shows that navigation by IR can be veryreliable under controlled circumstances. The project alsoexplored how hierarchical software architecture stands incomparison to purely local or centralized software architecture.

No description available.

Plant feeding insects comprise about 25% of all animal species on earth and play an important role in all ecosystems. Although we understand that their association with plants is a key-factor driving the diversification in this group, we still have large gaps in our knowledge of the underlying processes of this relationship. Female choice of host plant is an important event in the insect life-cycle, as it is a major determinant of the larval food plant. In this Thesis I studied different aspects of insect host plant choice and used butterflies from the family Nymphalidae as my study system. I found that butterflies have a well developed olfactory system and that they use odors when searching for food or host plants. However, the information obtained from the odor of host plants does not seem to be sufficient for the studied species to make a distinction between plants of different qualities. Interestingly, even when in full contact with the leaf they do not make optimal decisions. I show for example that a sub-optimal female choice may be mitigated by larval ability to cope with unfavorable situations. Moreover, species that utilize a broader set of host plants may not be very well adapted to all the hosts they use, but at the same time they may survive in areas where there is only a subset of the plants available. Lastly, differences in the evolution of life-history traits between species can account for differences in how each species realizes its lifestyle. Thus, by incorporating findings on mechanisms of host plant choice with the ecological and evolutionary context of a species, our ability to explain the dynamics of host plant choice and insect-plant interactions can be improved. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: Manuscript.</p>

This thesis presents the first sub-quadratic circle graph recognition algorithm, and develops improved algorithms for two important hierarchical decomposition schemes: modular decomposition and split decomposition. The modular decomposition algorithm results from unifying two different approaches previously employed to solve the problem: divide-and-conquer and factorizing permutations. It runs in linear-time, and is straightforward in its understanding, correctness, and implementation. It merely requires a collection of trees and simple traversals of these trees. The split-decomposition algorithm is similar in being straightforward in its understanding and correctness. An efficient implementation of the algorithm is described that uses the union-find data-structure. A novel charging argument is used to prove the running-time. The algorithm is the first to use the recent reformulation of split decomposition in terms of graph-labelled trees. This facilitates its extension to circle graph recognition. In particular, it allows us to efficiently apply a new lexicographic breadth-first search characterization of circle graphs developed in the thesis. Lexicographic breadth-first search is additionally responsible for the efficiency of the split decomposition algorithm, and contributes to the simplicity of the modular decomposition algorithm.

This thesis presents the first sub-quadratic circle graph recognition algorithm, and develops improved algorithms for two important hierarchical decomposition schemes: modular decomposition and split decomposition. The modular decomposition algorithm results from unifying two different approaches previously employed to solve the problem: divide-and-conquer and factorizing permutations. It runs in linear-time, and is straightforward in its understanding, correctness, and implementation. It merely requires a collection of trees and simple traversals of these trees. The split-decomposition algorithm is similar in being straightforward in its understanding and correctness. An efficient implementation of the algorithm is described that uses the union-find data-structure. A novel charging argument is used to prove the running-time. The algorithm is the first to use the recent reformulation of split decomposition in terms of graph-labelled trees. This facilitates its extension to circle graph recognition. In particular, it allows us to efficiently apply a new lexicographic breadth-first search characterization of circle graphs developed in the thesis. Lexicographic breadth-first search is additionally responsible for the efficiency of the split decomposition algorithm, and contributes to the simplicity of the modular decomposition algorithm.

Abstract  Title: Network construction and innovation performance – the variation of search depth and search breadth in Open Innovation networks.  Authors: Robin Cianelli, Jenny Nilsson and Sarah Wennström  Supervisor: Henrik Sällberg  Department: School of Management, Blekinge Institute of Technology  Course: Bachelor’s thesis in Business Administration, 15 credits  The study aimed to investigate how companies construct there open innovation networks and how they in turn affects the innovation presentation. It was distinguishing between the product innovation and the process innovation to investigate if the companies constructed different open innovation networks for different innovation types. This was investigated by looking at how many different extern collaborators the companies were using and how deep these collaborations were. The studies hypotheses were that the search depth and the search width would have a positive influence on the innovation presentation and that the search depth and the search width would have a greater impact for the product innovation than the process innovation. To investigate this a selection of 91 small and middle big Swedish companies in the manufacturing industry where asked to answer a web survey and our collected data was processed by multiple regression analyzes. The results showed that search depth and width in open innovation networks had a positive influence on the innovation performance when the company wanted to do product innovations, but only search depth showed a significant positive correlation for process innovation. This could be explained with the fact that processes innovations are very complex and can look very different even within the same industry. / Abstrakt  Titel: Nätverkskonstruktion och innovationsprestation - Variationen av sökdjup och sökbredd i öppna innovationsnätverk  Författare: Robin Cianelli, Jenny Nilsson och Sarah Wennström  Handledare: Henrik Sällberg  Institution: Managementhögskola, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola  Kurs: Kandidatarbete i Företagsekonomi, 15 högskolepoäng  Studien ämnade undersöka hur företag konstruerar sina öppna innovationsnätverk och hur det i sin tur påverkar innovationsprestationen. Det särskildes mellan produktinnovation och processinnovation för att undersöka om företagen konstruerade olika öppna innovationsnätverk för olika innovationstyper. Detta undersöktes genom att se till hur många olika externa samarbetspartners företagen använde sig av och hur djupa dessa samarbeten var. Studiens hypoteser var att sökdjup och sökbredd skulle påverka innovationsprestationen positivt och att sökdjup och sökbredd skulle ha större påverkan för produktinnovation än för processinnovation. För att undersöka detta fick ett urval på 91 svenska små till medelstora företag i tillverkningsbranschen svara på en webbenkät och vår insamlade data bearbetades sedan med multipla regressionsanalyser. Resultatet visade att sökdjup och sökbredd i öppna innovationsnätverken påverkade innovationsprestationen positivt när företaget ville innovera inom produkt, men att enbart sökdjup kunde uppvisa ett signifikant positivt samband för processinnovation. Detta förklarades med att processinnovationer är väldigt komplexa och kan skilja sig väldigt även inom samma bransch.