Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:48:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bernardo Wahl Goncalves de Araujo Jorge.pdf: 1473998 bytes, checksum: 8cefb96903764170d80df6eb0969cfa8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The initial reaction of the George W. Bush administration to the violent acts of september 11, 2001 was to attack the Taliban government in Afghanistan, aiming to bring down the Mullah Omar regime and to set up bases that would serve to the hunting of al- Qaida, organization which had that country as its sanctuary to plan its actions. The capital Cabul, as well as another regions in the countryside, were quickly conquered, theoretically because the american military plan, based on Special Operations Forces, air power and in the use of a local allie: the Northern Alliance. The supposed success of the United States would be the result, according to the official speech, of the military transformation that was being encouraged by the Defense secretary Donald Rumsfeld. The afghan model was considered a new american way of war and the Special Operations Forces, inside the context of global war on terror , went on to the center of the american strategic conception. However, after seven years of the invasion, the afghan situation is not good, so it is possible to question the validity and the apparent inovation of that american military actions / A reação inicial da administração de George W. Bush aos atentados de onze de setembro de 2001 foi atacar o governo Talebã no Afeganistão, visando a derrubar o regime do pregador religioso Omar do poder e a estabelecer bases que serviriam para a caçada à al- Qaeda, que tinha naquele país um santuário para planejar suas ações. A capital Cabul, assim como outras regiões no interior afegão, foram conquistadas rapidamente, isto teoricamente em função do plano militar estadunidense, baseado no emprego de Forças de Operações Especiais, poderio aéreo e na utilização de um parceiro local: a Aliança do Norte. O suposto sucesso dos Estados Unidos seria decorrente, conforme o discurso oficial norte-americano, da transformação militar que estava sendo promovida pelo secretário de Defesa Donald Rumsfeld. O chamado modelo afegão foi considerado um novo modo de guerra americano e, a partir de então, dentro do contexto de guerra ao terror , as Forças de Operações Especiais passaram a ocupar, como nunca antes na história dos EUA, um lugar por demais proeminente dentro da concepção estratégica de Washington. Todavia, passados cerca de sete anos dos movimentos iniciais de invasão, a situação afegã não é das melhores, o que leva ao questionamento da validade e aparente inovação daquelas ações militares americanas

Os Kalankó, Karuazu, Katokinn e Koiupanka. desde 1998 vem reaparecendo no cenário étnico-político como índios resistentes. Como tais, demandam do Órgão indigenista oficial, a FUNAI, reconhecimento, delimitação e demarcação etnicoterritorial. A forma particular como reapareceram marcou os quatro povos: uma aparição pública coletiva chamada "festa do ressurgimento". Apresentando-se de forma similar, mas em espaço físico e temporal distintos, o reaparecimento étnico dos KKKK tem como pano de fundo o processo hist6rico e a trajet6ria (dispersão e reagrupamento) desses grupos como "rama" e "ponta de rama" (dos Pankararu, seus ascendentes) no Alto Sertão alagoano. A pesquisa de campo desenvolve-se, paralelamente, no registro fílmico-fotográfico desses eventos e na reconstrução de seus etnônimos e observa, em seu conjunto, as relações entre a representação indígena e a imagem "como um retorno a si mesmo" como uma forma de entrever o passado desses povos em imagens do presente, nas quais os indivíduos e suas comunidades compõem sua própria forma de "mostrar-se" ao mundo com "novas" especificidades étnicas, numa tentativa de restaurar também sua memória, o que permite, nesta pesquisa, caracterizar o tratamento hist6rico atribuído aos índios, enquanto que, paralelamente, o registro imagético possibilita também formar arquivos dos mesmos no Brasil. / Since 1998 the Kalankó, Karuazu, Katokinn and Koiupanka have been reappearing throughout the ethnic-political scene as resistant Indians. As such, they have demanded from Funai, the official indigenist office, their official recognition, as well as the measurement and official establishment of their ethnic territories. The singular way in which they have reappeared has marked the four peoples: a collective public appearance named the reappearance feast". Showing themselves in a similar way, but in distinct physical and temporal spaces, the ethnic reappearance of the KKKK branch has had as backdrop the historical process and journey (breaking up and regrouping) of these groups as "branch" and "end of branch" (from their ascendants, the Pankararu) in the highlands of Alagoas state. Meanwhile, in the same time frame, fieldwork is developed, overall, using filmic-photographic register of these events observing as well the reconstruction of their ethnic-names, including the relationships between indigenous self-presentation and image "as a return upon oneself'. This is a way to see the past of these peoples and the images of their actuality, in which individuals and their communities compose their own form of "showing themselves off' to the world with "new" ethnic specificities, as an attempt to bring back their memories. All of this allows this research to characterize the historical treatment given to the Indians while, at the same time, the imagetic registration also allows the formation of archives about them in Brazil.

1. The resource management issue under consideration is the conservation and ecological restoration of natural lowland forest and its associated plant and animal communities (referred to here as native bush), which have considerable human-use and intrinsic values. 2. Within the issue of native bush conservation in New Zealand, the topic of this research is the phenomenon of citizens’ involvement as pro-active volunteers, tackling ‘bush restoration’ on public or trust-owned sites. This phenomenon is not rare but is little researched. Some key initial questions are: How extensive is citizen-led bush restoration as a means of environmental management? What motivates the volunteers and what factors advance or hinder their efforts? Why is this phenomenon not more widespread in New Zealand society, and how could it be? 3. The research strategy adopted to address the selected topic is firstly a scoping study to define the issue in context, including multi-disciplinary literature review, followed by a structured qualitative telephone survey of a representative sample of restoration project spokespeople. An analysis of these information sources provides insights and understanding related to the research questions, and raises additional questions. 4. Conclusions offer a potential contribution to the national and local-scale policy agenda in support of citizen-led bush restoration. Recommendations seek to recognise the value of voluntary bush restoration, better enable the committed volunteers, promote new voluntary action and improve the skills of volunteers with a view to enhanced quality of work.

The purpose of this thesis is to bring forward and discuss the American vision for space exploration found at NASA's homepage, how the vision is popularised and why. NASA's homepage is analyzed as popularized science and the theoretical perspective emanates from the field of popular science and especially the work of Johan Kärnfelt. The historical reference is made up by Howard E McCurdy and he's thoughts about space and the American imagination. The analysis is based on a number of documents that popularize the vision for space exploration and is intended for the public. These documents describe the future plan for NASA and US space exploration. / Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur de amerikanska rymdvisionerna gestaltats på NASA:s hemsida, hur dessa populariseras samt vilka de bakomliggande drivkrafterna kan tänkas vara. NASA:s hemsida kommer att ses som populariserad vetenskap och det teoretiska perspektivet utgår från den populärvetenskapliga genren där en stor del av det teoretiska underlaget utgår från docenten Johan Kärnfelts tankar om populariseringen av vetenskap. Som historisk referens används professor Howard E. McCurdys tankar om den amerikanska rymdvisionen. Materialet som ingår i analysen är hämtat från NASA:s hemsida. Samtliga dokument handlar om den amerikanska visionen om rymden och USA:s fortsatta aktiviteter i rymden.

Il presente lavoro intende esaminare il processo di decision making relativo alla politica sociale statunitense sviluppatosi a partire dalla fine degli anni Sessanta, fornendo un’analisi di carattere «istituzionalista» che ponga in rilievo gli snodi cruciali del dibattito relativo al welfare system federale svoltosi sia all’interno del Congresso, sia presso i think tank, i centri universitari, le organizzazioni culturali e religiose, le lobby e le altre realtà associative emerse dalla società civile. In particolare, la ricerca si concentra sull’intreccio tra ideologia politica, mentalità tradizionale, opinione pubblica e interessi specifici, e sull’influsso esercitato dalla dimensione culturale e istituzionale sul processo legislativo. Sono stati individuati quattro principali indirizzi socio-politici, ciascuno dei quali ha avuto un particolare influsso su altrettante ‘fasi’ del processo di riforma del welfare system statunitense svoltosi tra il 1968 e il 2006. L’analisi del dibattito culturale e politico è stata suddivisa pertanto in quattro diversi capitoli (capp. 2-5) che consentono di delineare percorsi distinti per le diverse ipotesi socio-culturali individuate, ai quali viene anteposta una premessa storica relativa alle origini del sistema assistenziale e previdenziale statunitense e alle politiche riformiste degli anni Sessanta (cap. 1). / The dissertation examines the process of decision making that determined the development of U.S. social policy from the end of the Sixties. It analyzes the institutional character of the debate that took place inside the Congress and inside the think tanks, the academic centers, the cultural and religious foundations and other associations. In particular, the research is focused on the tangle between political ideologies, traditional culture, public opinion and legislative process. The dissertation identifies four different socio-political streams: each of them influenced a particular “phase” of the reform of the U.S. welfare system from 1968 up to 2006. The analysis of the cultural and political debate has been divided in four chapters (chapters 2-5) that allow to delineate different developments for the four streams, after an historical premise (chapter 1) that presents the origins of American welfare system, from the colonial times to the Sixties.

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This thesis explores the content of presidential communication to children, specifically the only three presidential speeches that have been designed for children. These three speeches are President Barack Obama's speech to children in 2009, George H.W. Bush's speech to children in 1991, and Ronald Reagan's speech to children in 1988. Through content analysis this thesis was designed to determine whether persuasive strategies were used in these messages to children, and if persuasive strategies were present, which ones were used. Through qualitative analysis conducting a focus group discussion with children exposed to one of the presidential speeches, this thesis also explored the speeches from children's perspectives. Political socialization theory is used as framework for developing the study, and three persuasive theories are used for analysis of the speeches. The findings provide insight into presidential communication to children and implications of future research in this area. Findings suggest that persuasive strategies are present and a variety of techniques are utilized in the speeches. The purpose and common topics of these speeches are also explored. Focus group findings support that children can identify persuasive strategies present in the speeches and provide insight into the knowledge children retain from exposure to the communication.

At the start of the George H.W. Bush administration, American involvement in El Salvador‘s civil war, one of the last Cold War battlegrounds, had disappeared from the foreign policy agenda. However, two events in November 1989 shattered the bipartisan consensus on US policy toward El Salvador: the failure of the FMLN‘s largest military offensive of the war and the murder of six Jesuit priests, their housekeeper, and her daughter by the Salvadoran military, the FAES. Despite more than one billion dollars in US military assistance, the war had stalemated, promoting both sides to seek a negotiated political settlement mediated by the United Nations. The Jesuit murders demonstrated the failure of the policy of promoting respect for democracy and human rights and revived the debate in Congress over US aid to El Salvador. This thesis argues that the Bush administration sought to remove the burden of El Salvador from its foreign policy agenda by actively pushing for the investigation and prosecution of the Jesuit case and fully supporting the UN-mediated peace process. Using recently declassified government documents from the George Bush Presidential Library, this thesis will examine how the Bush administration fundamentally changed US policy toward El Salvador. Administration officials carried out an unprecedented campaign to pressure the FAES to investigate the Jesuit murders and bring the killers to justice while simultaneously attempting to prevent Congress from cutting American military assistance. The Bush administration changed the objective of its El Salvador policy from military victory over the guerrillas to a negotiated political settlement. The US facilitated the peace process by pressuring the Salvadoran government and the FMLN to negotiate in good faith and accept compromises. When both sides signed a comprehensive peace agreement on January 16, 1992, the burden of El Salvador was lifted.

<p>The purpose of this thesis is to bring forward and discuss the American vision for space exploration found at NASA's homepage, how the vision is popularised and why. NASA's homepage is analyzed as popularized science and the theoretical perspective emanates from the field of popular science and especially the work of Johan Kärnfelt. The historical reference is made up by Howard E McCurdy and he's thoughts about space and the American imagination. The analysis is based on a number of documents that popularize the vision for space exploration and is intended for the public. These documents describe the future plan for NASA and US space exploration.</p> / <p>Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur de amerikanska rymdvisionerna gestaltats på NASA:s hemsida, hur dessa populariseras samt vilka de bakomliggande drivkrafterna kan tänkas vara. NASA:s hemsida kommer att ses som populariserad vetenskap och det teoretiska perspektivet utgår från den populärvetenskapliga genren där en stor del av det teoretiska underlaget utgår från docenten Johan Kärnfelts tankar om populariseringen av vetenskap. Som historisk referens används professor Howard E. McCurdys tankar om den amerikanska rymdvisionen. Materialet som ingår i analysen är hämtat från NASA:s hemsida. Samtliga dokument handlar om den amerikanska visionen om rymden och USA:s fortsatta aktiviteter i rymden.</p>

No description available.