While it is acknowledged that CI is important to SMEs, it is not being practiced optimally in SMEs. The study of CI in SMEs has not been as well documented as it has been in larger enterprises. Moreover, there is no evidence of CI awareness and practices in SMEs. The purposes of this study are to, establish the level and extent of awareness and practices of CI in SMEs, identify the challenges SMEs face in implementing CI, and equip SMEs for decision making in order to help SMEs to gain competitive advantage in a turbulent global market and to enhance their economic growth. This research indicates that SMEs are aware of CI. It also indicates that while SMEs practice CI, they do so informally. It also shows that CI provides competitive advantage to SMEs. / Business Management / M.Com. (Business Management)

Theme of this master’s thesis is design of software support for business intelligence. Design is realized in cooperation with corporation ZZN Pelhřimov a.s. Introduction is focused on theoretical description of business intelligence and datamining and also on development environment in which is project designed. Corporation is characterised also in introduction. Main part contains data collecting and definition of individual modules. In conclusion of this thesis will be several types of analysis from collected data and then according to these analysis, we can draw measures to improve current state of corporation.

El desarrollo sostenible de las zonas urbanas es un reto de alto interés a nivel mundial. En los años 70 nadie podía haber pensado en la información como un activo de nuestra sociedad. Hoy en día las nuevas tecnologías ponen a nuestro alcance una ingente cantidad de recursos impensable para manejar todos los datos generados por la ciudad. Una gestión adecuada de la ciudad dependerá del continente, de la cantidad y de la naturaleza de los datos y de los recursos e infraestructuras a tener en cuenta. Esto es el inicio de lo que puede hacer cambiar el concepto actual de ciudad permitiendo una mayor conectividad e interacción autónoma, sin intervención humana, entre todos los servicios que caracterizan un núcleo urbano, aproximándonos de este modo a lo que sería la 'ciudad inteligente' o SmartCity. Para desarrollar este concepto, una característica de gran importancia que debe tenerse en cuenta es la movilidad de los elementos que la componen y le dan vida, pues es aquello que permite el día a día en el núcleo urbano. Un elemento muy importante en este contexto es el vehículo eléctrico (FEV, 'Full Electric Vehicle'), por todas las razones que vemos en nuestro trabajo. Para una adecuada puesta en marcha del FEV es necesario integrarlo con el resto de infraestructuras que influyen en la movilidad en la ciudad. Esto permitirá hacer realidad ese nuevo modelo urbano inteligente que pretendemos alcanzar y que es nuestro futuro. Nuestro trabajo ha consistido en investigar y diseñar una solución de interoperabilidad que gestione la utilización del FEV en un entorno urbano, aprovechando las infraestructuras existentes, optimizando los recursos de que disponemos, e integrando las posibilidades de comunicación que las TIC nos ofrecen. Nos planteamos dos objetivos en nuestro trabajo, el primero de los cuales es integrar y poner en marcha el FEV en la SmartCity. Para ello hemos necesitado estudiar las partes más relevantes de un sistema de información centralizado para controlar la autonomía del FEV en la SmartCity, prever la demanda de energía a la red (es decir, estimar la energía total que tendrá que disponer inicialmente la red para atender la posible demanda de energía), controlar la disponibilidad neta de energía en las estaciones de carga de la red y finalmente diseñar el proceso de gestión activa de la demanda que permita optimizar el consumo energético y los precios. Por otra parte, el segundo de nuestros objetivos consiste en estudiar cómo los factores que intervienen en la movilidad dentro de la SmartCity pueden garantizar que el desplazamiento del FEV se lleve a cabo según lo planificado y con ello integrar adecuadamente los FEV en el sistema de movilidad urbano. Es decir, se trata de integrar el entorno de gestión del FEV, estudiado en la primera parte, con el entorno externo al FEV en la SmartCity, proporcionando así una solución global al problema de integración del FEV en el nuevo ecosistema de ciudades europeas. Para ello se requiere optimizar la interacción entre el FEV y los servicios de información meteorológica, de tráfico y de movilidad en la ciudad como son el transporte público, el estacionamiento y el alquiler (e-sharing), además de una necesaria estrategia de predicción del tráfico para la toma anticipada de decisiones. / Sustainable development of urban areas is a challenge of highest interest at global level. Never before could anyone have thought of the information as an asset of our society. The advent of the new technologies have provided us with a huge amount of unthinkable resources to manage the data generated by the city and make urban areas evolve. Nowadays a proper management of the city will depend on the continent, the amount and nature of the data and the resources and infrastructures to be taken into account. This is the beginning of what will make the current concept of city change. The new model of the city we will face is due to a higher connectivity and interaction, without human intervention, among all the services that determine an urban centre. This is an approach to what would be the 'intelligent city' or SmartCity. To develop this concept, a feature of paramount importance is the mobility of the elements that form it and make it live, as it is what supports the daily routine in the urban model. A very important element in this context is the electric vehicle (FEV, 'Full Electric Vehicle'), for all the reasons we see in our work. For a proper launching of the FEV it is necessary to integrate it with the rest of infrastructures that influence the mobility in the city. Our work has consisted of researching and designing an interoperability solution to manage the use of the FEV in the urban landscape. The first of our goals in this work is to put the FEV in place into the SmartCity. To achieve it, it is required to study the most relevant parts of a centralised information system in order to manage the vehicle autonomy, the energy demand in the city, the energy availability in each charge station and a user interface to communite with the system. Moreover, the system will be able to manage, in a proactive way, the needs of the network in order to optimise costs and improve efficiency. On the other hand, the second of our objectives is to study how the factors involved in the mobility within the SmartCity can ensure that FEV mobility is carried out as planned and, with it, conveniently integrate the FEV in the urban mobility system. In other words, our aim is to integrate the FEV management landscape, studied in the first part, with the other agents of mobility into the SmartCity, thus providing a comprehensive solution to the problem of integration of the FEV in the new European cities ecosystem. This requires optimizing the interaction between the FEV and the meteorological information, traffic and mobility services in the city such as public transport, parking and e-sharing, in addition to a necessary traffic forecasting strategy for the early decision-making. / El desenvolupament sostenible de les zones urbanes és un repte d'alt interès a nivell mundial. Fins els anys 70 ningú podia haver pensat en la informació com un actiu de la nostra societat. Avui en dia les noves tecnologies posen al nostre abast una ingent quantitat de recursos impensable per a gestionar totes les dades generades per la ciutat. Una gestió adequada de la ciutat dependrà del continent, de la quantitat i de la naturalesa de les dades i dels recursos i infraestructures a tenir en compte. Això és l'inici del que pot fer canviar el concepte actual de ciutat permetent una major connectivitat i interacció autònoma, sense intervenció humana, entre tots els serveis que caracteritzen un nucli urbà, aproximant d'aquesta manera el que serà la 'ciutat intel·ligent 'o SmartCity. Per desenvolupar aquest concepte, una característica de gran importància que cal tenir en compte és la mobilitat dels elements que la componen i li donen vida, ja que és allò que permet el dia a dia al nucli urbà. Un element molt important en aquest context és el vehicle elèctric (FEV, 'Full Electric Vehicle'), per totes les raons que veiem al nostre treball. Per a una adequada posada en marxa del FEV cal integrar-lo amb la resta d'infraestructures que influeixen en la mobilitat a la ciutat. Això permetrà fer realitat aquest nou model urbà intel·ligent que pretenem assolir. És sense dubte el nostre futur. El nostre treball ha consistit en investigar i dissenyar una solució d'interoperabilitat que gestione la utilització del FEV en un entorn urbà, aprofitant les infraestructures existents, optimitzant els recursos de què disposem, i integrant les possibilitats de comunicació que les TIC ens ofereixen. Ens plantegem dos objectius en el nostre treball, el primer dels quals és integrar i posar en marxa el FEV a la SmartCity. Per a això hem necessitat estudiar les parts més rellevants d'un sistema d'informació centralitzat per controlar l'autonomia del FEV a la SmartCity, preveure la demanda d'energia a la xarxa (és a dir, estimar l'energia total que haurà de disposar inicialment la xarxa per atendre la possible demanda d'energia), controlar la disponibilitat neta d'energia a les estacions de càrrega de la xarxa i finalment dissenyar el procés de gestió activa de la demanda que permeti optimitzar el consum energètic i els preus. D'altra banda, el segon dels nostres objectius consisteix a estudiar com els factors que intervenen en la mobilitat dins de la SmartCity poden garantir que el desplaçament del FEV es dugui a terme segons el planificat i amb això integrar adequadament els FEV en el sistema de mobilitat urbà. És a dir, es tracta d'integrar l'entorn de gestió del FEV, ja estudiat en la primera part, amb l'entorn extern al FEV a la SmartCity, proporcionant així una solució global al problema d'integració del FEV en el nou ecosistema de ciutats europees. Per a això es requereix optimitzar la interacció entre el FEV i els serveis d'informació meteorològica, de trànsit i de mobilitat a la ciutat com són el transport públic, l'estacionament i el lloguer (e-sharing), a més d'una necessària estratègia de predicció del trànsit per a la presa anticipada de decisions. / Fernández Pallarés, V. (2018). Interoperabilidad en el futuro ecosistema europeo de ciudades inteligentes [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/106365

L'Intelligence Territoriale est un concept récemment apparu en France. Nous l'avons identifié comme la conjugaison d'actions d'Intelligence Economique et de Knowledge Management appliquées à un territoire. L'Intermédiation Territoriale en est une forme particulière, qui s'appuie sur la notion de médiation et l'utilisation d'intermédiaire(s) humain(s). Nous avons participé à la mise en place d'un tel dispositif, dans lequel les intermédiaires humains sont notamment chargés de résoudre des problèmes informationnels pour des tiers. Nos travaux ont cherché à améliorer l'efficacité de ces personnels pour répondre aux Problèmes de Recherche d'Informations (PRI) qui leurs sont posés. Dans ce but, nous avons puisé notre inspiration dans les domaines de la Communication Humaine, de la Représentation des Connaissances et de la Résolution de Problèmes. Nous en avons déduit une solution en quatre parties : (1) des Principes de bonne formulation d'un énoncé de PRI, (2) un Modèle d'aide à la génération d'un questionnement sur un PRI, (3) un Outil d'aide à la représentation de l'interprétation d'un sujet de PRI, (4) une Pertinence informationnelle orientée vers la demande.

Policing in The United Kingdom is an intricate business, balancing the enforcement of statute and other laws while dealing with public safety and security. Policing engages a diverse and complicated set of organisational structures and processes relying heavily on the skill and expertise of officers on the ground. Their role in preventing and or intercepting crime before, during and after it occurs is integral to sustaining peace, security, law and order in communities. The police operational and logistics staff work day to day with information and communication technologies, ranging from conventional databases and information systems to ubiquitous and specialised tools.  Understanding the use of technology and its management in policing has formed the backbone of this research conducted through a qualitative approach. This study adopted an interpretive paradigmic analytical lens using ethnography situated in the workplace as a methodology. The qualitative study took the form of field immersion for nine months using interviewing, and shadowing/observation to suit the complexity of the socio-technical context. Analysis was conducted using thematic analytical methods. Understanding how the police force interact with and shape the way that information and communication technologies enable them to fight crime is, then, the subject of this thesis. The findings highlighted the complexities and  intricacies involved in the use of technology, identifying unique differentiations in the way technology is engaged and integrated into policing including comparative understanding relative to other sectors and industries.  On the whole the central features of this work highlight understanding of the role information and communication technologies; usefulness, usage in practice and operational activity, strategic business goals, knowledge management, business intelligence and intelligence led architecture, governance and performance models in policing the county of Bedfordshire, England.

Abstract in English, Zulu and Afrikaans / The primary intent of this study was to develop a competitive intelligence (CI) programme implementation strategy framework for the effective use of CI in strategic decision-making (SDM) in a conglomerate, using embedded multiple units and a single-case exploratory study that is qualitative dominant. The study therefore explored the strategic value of CI for SDM in a company that has a conglomerate structure and whose subsidiaries are vertically integrated. Despite the perceived usefulness of CI for distinctive SDM, the case conglomerate and its subsidiaries had collected and employed the available CI products to support their strategic, tactical and other business decisions. Overall results indicated differences between the subsidiaries and the headquarter; and among the subsidiaries on CI practice (CI collection, CI coordination, CI sharing and CI effort) and CI usage for SDM and other decisions. Although a similar strategy development process (guided by the grand corporate strategy), management structure, decision-making process and orientation in the subsidiaries existed, these uniformities did not significantly result in a uniform level of application and usage of CI for SDM across the conglomerate. The conclusion is that CI application is very subjective and contextual even in a vertically integrated conglomerate. Through theory, literature review and empirical findings, synthesis and iteration, a middle-range theory that integrates the CI and SDM disciplines in terms of the contextual issues both share is also constructed. The study also developed a novel way of crafting CI for SDM, which may fit into the existing structure and realities of the conglomerate so as to formalise CI. The CI programme implementation strategy framework was developed considering the proof of tested theories, best practices, existing context, strategy, decision-making process, structure, enabling factors and capabilities of the conglomerate. The CI programme implementation strategy framework, accompanied by a proposed CI structure, has immediate pragmatic utility. It could enable the conglomerate to initiate a formal CI programme without delay and to develop it following an organisational maturation cycle. The study makes an original contribution by conceptualising a CI programme implementation strategy for a unique case and theorising the case within a novel extension within middle-range theory (“SDM and CI application can be viewed in the contextual domains both share”). The exploratory study itself, which led to merging theory and best practices with empirical results and fitting the theories and best practices into case conglomerate’s realities, also makes the study unique in terms of its approach and outputs. / Inhloso enkulu yalolu cwaningo kwakungukusungula uhlaka lokuqala ukusebenzisa uhlelo lwamasu obuhlakani bokuqhathanisa izinkampani ezincintisanayo, obaziwa ngokuthi yiCompetitive Intelligence (iCI) ngesiNgisi ukuze isebenze kahle ekuthathweni kwezinqumo ezihambisana namasu okwaziwa ngestrategic decision-making (iSDM) ngesiNgisi kwinhlanganyela yezinkampani, kusetshenziswa uhlobo locwaningo olungamayunithi amaningi afakwe ndawonye, oluhlola udaba olulodwa nolugxile kakhulu ekuqoqweni kwemininingwane. Ngakhoke, lolu cwaningo luhlole umthelela omuhle wamasu eCI ngokuthatha izinqumo ezihambisana namasu (iSDM) enkampanini enomumo wenhlanganyela yezinkampani enezinkampani ezingena ngaphansi kwayo ezenza imisebenzi eyahlukahlukene. Phezu kokumsebenzi obonakalayo weCI ngokuhlukile kwiSDM, inhlangayela yezinkampani okuyiyo ebhekiwe kanye nezinkampani ezingaphansi kwayo yaqoqa yase isebenzisa imikhiqizo yeCI etholakalayo ukusingatha ukuthatha kwayo izinqumo ezihambisana namasu, namaqhinga kanye nezinye izinqumo zebhizinisi. Imiphumela ephelele yabonisa ukuthi kukhona ukungafani phakathi kwezinkampani ezingena ngaphansi kwayo kanye nekomkhulu; kanti futhi phakathi wezinkampani ezingena ngaphansi kwayo kokuphathelene neCI (Ukuqoqwa kwemininingwane yeCI, ukuhlanganiswa kwemininingwane yeCI, ukusabalalisa imininingwane yeCI nokusebenza kweCI) nokusetshenziswa kweSDM nezinye izinqumo. Nakuba kwakukhona inqubo yokuthuthukisa isu elifanayo (elandela imigomo yesu elihle lenkampani), ukwakheka kohlaka lwabaphethe, inqubo yokuthatha izinqumo kanye nokuqondiswa kwezinkampani ezingaphansi kwenye, lokhu kwefaniswa akuzange kube ngokufanayo endleleni yokwenza nokusebenziswa kweCI kwiSDM kwinhlangayela yezinkampani. Isiphetho ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza lweCI luncike kakhulu ohlangothini nasengqikithini eyodwa kwinhlanganyela yezinkampani ezenza izinto ezahlukahlukene. Ngokulandela ukuhlaziywa kwemibhalo yemibono yezinzululwazi, kanye nokutholakele uma kwenziwa ucwaningo olubheka izinto ngenkathi zenzeka, ukuhlanganiswa kwemininingwane kanye nokuphindaphindwa kokuhlolwa, kuphinde kwakhiwe imibono yezinzululwazi emibili ehlanganisa imikhakha yeCI neSDM maqondana nezingqikithi ezifanayo kuyona. Ekugcineni, ucwaningo luphinde lwasungula indlela engakaze ibe khona yokwakha iCI iyakhela iSDM engangena ithi khaxa ekwakhekeni nasesimweni esikhona senhlanganyela yezinkampani ukuze iCI ihleleke ngokusemthethweni. Uhlaka lwesu lokuqaliswa kokusebenza kohlelo lweCI lwenziwa ngoba kucatshangwa ngobufakazi obutholakala kwimibono yezinzululwazi ehloliwe, okusebenze ngempumelelo, indikimba ekhona njengamanje, isu, inqubo yokuthatha izinqumo, ukwakheka, yilokho okwenza izinto zenzeke futhi kusebenzeke kwinhlanganyela yezinkampani. Uhlaka lwesu lokuqaliswa kokusebenza kohlelo lweCI, oluphelezelwa ukwakheka okuhlongoziwe kweCI kukwazi ukuhlolisisa kahle umqondo wokukwazi ukubona ubungako bolwazi nesidingo solunye ucwaningo. Kungasiza inhlanganyela yezinkampani, cishe, ukuba ikwazi ukuqala uhlelo olusha lweCI nokulithuthukisa kulandela uchungechunge lwendlela yokukhula yenhlangano. Ucwaningo lufaka ulwazi olusha esivivaneni ngokuqhamuka nomqondo omusha wesu lokuqala ukusebenzisa uhlelo lweCI odabeni olungajwayelekile, bese lubeka imibono ngodaba olubhekwayo ngendlela engakaze yenzeke nehlanganisa imibono yezinzululwazi kanye nocwaningo olubheka izinto ngenkathi zenzeka (“Ukusetshenziswa kweSDM neCI kungabhekwa ezizindeni zengqikithi ezifanayo kukona”). Ucwaningo oluhlolayo, lona uqobo, oluholela ekuhlanganisweni kwemibono yezinzululwazi nokubhekwa kwalokho okucwaningwayo ukuthi kusebenza kahle kuphi kanye nemiphumela yocwaningo olubheka izinto ngenkathi zenzeka, nokuhlanganisa lokho nokwenzeka ngempela enhlanganyeleni yezinkampani, nakho kwenza lolu cwaningo lube ngolwehlukile maqondana nendlela oluyilandelayo kanye nemiphumela evelayo. / Die primêre doel van hierdie studie was om 'n strategieraamwerk vir programimplementering van mededingingsintelligensie (MI) te ontwikkel vir die doeltreffende gebruik van MI in strategiese besluitneming in 'n konglomeraat, deur 'n vasgelegde veelvoudige eenhede, enkelgeval-verkenningstudie, wat ook kwalitatief dominant is, te gebruik. Die studie het dus die strategiese waarde van MI vir strategiese besluitneming verken in 'n maatskappy wat 'n konglomeraatstruktuur het en wie se filiale vertikaal geïntegreer is. Ondanks die waargenome nuttigheid van MI vir spesifiek strategiese besluitneming, het die gevallestudiekonglomeraat en sy filiale die beskikbare MI-produkte versamel en aangewend om hul strategiese, taktiese en ander sakebesluite te ondersteun. Algehele resultate het die bestaan van verskille tussen die filiale en die hoofkantoor aangedui; en tussen die filiale oor MI-praktyke (MI-versameling, MI-koördinering; MI-deling en MI-pogings) en MI-gebruik vir strategiese en ander besluite. Alhoewel daar soortgelyke strategiese ontwikkelingsprosesse bestaan (gelei deur die groot korporatiewe strategie), het hierdie eenvormigheid in bestuurstrukture, besluitnemingprosesse en oriëntering in die filiale nie 'n beduidende eenvormige vlak van toepassing en gebruik van MI vir strategiese besluitneming regdeur die konglomeraat tot gevolg gehad nie. Gevolglik is MI-toepassing baie subjektief en kontekstueel, selfs in 'n konglomeraat wat vertikaal geïntegreer is. Deur teoretiese, literatuuroorsig- en empiriese bevindinge is sintese en iterasie, twee middelvlakteorieë, ook saamgestel wat velde van MI en strategiese besluitneming met betrekking tot die kontekstuele kwessies wat albei deel, geïntegreer het. Op die ou end het die studie ook 'n nuwe manier ontwikkel om MI vir strategiese besluitneming te bewerk wat by die bestaande struktuur en realiteite van die konglomeraat kan inpas om MI te formaliseer. Die strategieraamwerk vir programimplementering van MI is ontwikkel met die bewys van getoetste teorieë, beste praktyke, bestaande konteks, strategie, besluitnemingsproses, faktore wat strukture moontlik maak en vermoë van die konglomeraat, in gedagte. Die strategieraamwerk vir programimplementering van MI, saam met die voorgestelde MI-strukture, het onmiddellike pragmatiese nut. Dit kan die konglomeraat onmiddellik in staat te stel om 'n formele MI-program te inisieer en dit te ontwikkel deur 'n organisatoriese verouderingsiklus te volg. Die studie maak 'n oorspronklike bydra deur 'n strategie vir programimplementering van MI te konseptualiseer vir 'n unieke geval, die teoretisering van die geval binne 'n nuwe uitbreiding in 'n middelvlakteorie ("Toepassing van strategiese besluitneming en MI kan in die kontekstuele domeine beskou word wat beide deel"). Die verkenningstudie self, wat tot die samesmelting van teorie en beste praktyke met die empiriese resultate gelei het en die passing van die teorieë en beste praktyke in die gevallestudiekonglomeraat se realiteite, maak die studie ook uniek met betrekking tot sy benadering en opbrengs. / Graduate School for Business Leadership / D.B.L.

This paper deals with data warehouses and OLAP. These technologies are defined and described here. Then an introduction of the architecture of product MS SQL Server and its tools for work with data warehouses and OLAP folow. The knowledge gained is used for creation of sample application.

The purpose of this study is to measure the message terror organizations hope to convey using the financial markets as a proxy of measurement to determine patterns within the marketplace and the effects on the terrorists’ ability to deliver a desired message due to the increased use of digital devices and access to instantaneous news, seen over the past decade. Using death count, geographic location, and event type, this study identified 109 attacks between 1985 and 2015 to be analyzed against 5 market indices and 5 securities. Measuring the effects within a 10-day sample window from the time of the attack (+ or - 5 days) using average abnormal returns, standard deviation, Sharpe Ratio and the initial reactions in the market place as a percentage of total attacks, the effects on average abnormal returns on the market proxies were measured on three levels; The entire sample period from 1985 to 2015; the first half of the sample period 1985-1999; and the second half of the sample period 2000-2015. Analyzing trends in abnormal returns and standard deviation, the results of the study were inconclusive.

zweimal im Jahr erscheinende Zeitschrift über aktuelle Themen der TU Chemnitz, ergänzt von Sonderheft(en)

zweimal im Jahr erscheinende Zeitschrift über aktuelle Themen der TU Chemnitz, ergänzt von Sonderheft(en)