Abstract It starts to use Value Analysis / Value Engineering (VA/VE) in USA, but it is enhanced & glorified in Japan. It¡¦s obvious that VA/VE has contributed to adding profit for the past 50 years. Not only VA/VE, Industry Engineering (IE) and Quality Control (QC) are called as the three main management technologies of business, but also VA/VE is considered an efficient instrument of reducing cost. VA/VE is introduced to Mainland China later than Taiwan, but the achievements in Mainland China are more brilliant than Taiwan. It has introduced VA/VE to Taiwan for 30 years. It is popular to be utilized in Construction Industry and the Construction Engineering of Government, but most of small and middle size enterprises are not active in introducing VA/VE. It is to be regretted. It had found most of the issued cases for VA/VE are subjected to construction engineering. There are just few cases subjected in other industries. And the related papers focus on discussing the construction industry, it is hard to find discussing in other provinces especially in target costing, purchasing, service, business process and value chain. They just existed the theories, but lacked of real issuing from VA/VE. It found the theories just emphasize the individual flow. They didn't associate with the whole value chain and lack of combining with other reducing cost methods. They often fail in popularizing VA/VE, because they can't catch the key successful factors adequately. For the above reason, the study reviews the regarded papers, and regulates the references to find the comparison of carrying out situation in the world. Then it will direct to study the application and development of VA/VE in the Taiwan transportation industry. Firstly, it will examine the achievement of pushing VA/VE in the study case of individual company. Then, it will indicate the key successful factors and the future perspectives of VA/VE action from the experience. Finally, it will provide conclusion and suggestion in the end of this study. It will supply the company in every industry a whole and systematic basis of developing VA/VE no matter what new product developed in certain or full stages. This study will show the following results: 1. You can find the theory and method of using VA/VE in transportation industry from this study especially in target costing, customer satisfaction, service, business process reengineering and value chain. If you can use VA/VE well, you will promote the effect of cost reduction. You can find VA/VE has provided a popular measurement and method in this study and make the customer value connect to competitive strategy, product design, product manufacture and supplier procedure. You can combine VA/VE with other methods, for example target costing, tear down, business process reengineering etc, to make more value of customer and less cost of manufacture. 2. This study provides a whole real company case to show VA/VE effect. It can give the other companies for reference when they want to use VA/VE. It will reduce the groping time and error risk. 3. This study provides a VA/VE management structure and a management cycle in pushing VA/VE for the transportation vehicle industry, in order to ensure that every procedure can be carried out and obtain expected effect. 4. This study has summed up 10 key successful ways and future perspectives from the case study in pushing VA/VE. It will give the other companies for reference in promoting the VA/VE effect and opportunity of success. The main purpose is what we want to remind all the Taiwan industries to concern about "Value Management" that has been a new trend of the world.

<p>Utvecklingen inom IT-området har under de senaste åren varit explosionsartad. Allt fler branscher har börjat att leta efter nya sätt att tillämpa de olika framsteg som skett inom området</p><p>Detta arbete behandlar en kombinerad litteraturstudie och intervjuundersökning kring objektorientering och Business Process Reengineering. Problemställningen för detta arbete har varit:</p><p>- På vilka sätt kan objektorientering tillämpas för att utveckla de synsätt och de metoder som används inom Business Process Reengineering</p><p>Syftet med arbetet var att hitta ett antal generella tillämpningsområden utifrån problemställningen, samt att hitta ett antal fördelar, som dessa generella tillämpningar skulle kunna medföra.</p><p>Resultatet av detta arbete visar att det finns områden inom Business Process Reengineering, där en objektorienterad tillämpning skulle kunna medför stora fördelar. Som exempel på detta kan nämnas förbättrade möjligheter att skapa och anpassa de informationssystem som skall stötta verksamhetsprocesserna. Även möjligheterna att skapa dynamiska metoder, där varje metodsteg utgörs av färdiga moduler som sedan kombineras, bör nämnas som en fördel.</p>

<p>Many of today’s organizations are striving to find ways to make faster and better decisions about their business. One way to achieve this is to develop a data warehouse, offering novel features such as data mining and ad hoc querying on data collected and integrated from many of the computerized systems used in the organization. A data warehouse is of vital interest for decision makers and may reduce uncertainty in decision making. The relationship between data warehousing and business processes may be used at the pre-deployment stage of a data warehouse project, i.e. during the actual development of the data warehouse, as an opportunity to change business processes in an organization. This may then result in improved business processes that in turn may result in a better performing data warehouse. By focusing on the pre-deployment stage instead of the post-deployment stage, we believe that the costs for development will decrease, since needs for changes detected early in a development project probably will be detected anyway, but in a later stage where changes in the business processes may cause a need to restructure the finished data warehouse. We are therefore interested in which factors that may cause a need for changes in the business processes during the pre-deployment stage of a data warehouse project, the types of business processes affected, and also if there is any correspondence between factors that trigger changes and business processes affected.</p><p>Based on a literature survey and an interview study, general triggering factors to change business processes have been identified, such as needs for new organizational knowledge and for prioritization of goals etc. We have also found that needs for changes more often concern supporting processes than other types of business processes. We have also found a general correspondence at a type level between triggering factors and affected business processes.</p><p>In combination with the results and conclusions presented, we have also identified propositions for future work, which will refine and confirm the ideas presented here.</p>

The successful development and implementation of business information systems requires an integrated approach which includes the seamless design of both the business processes and the information systems supporting the business processes. Therefore, several frameworks and modeling methods have been developed for an integrated modeling of the entire enterprise with respect to both organizational and information systems aspects. Due to the architecture of most existing business information systems, these approaches were usually based on traditional software development paradigms rather than on object-orientation. On the other hand, object-oriented modeling methods used to cover only aspects which are close to implementation, but not the business processes. Currently, however, these two worlds are mov-ing closer together because there are several benefits using business process models during object-oriented software development. This paper describes an approach for integrating business process and object-oriented modeling methods. With this approach, it is possible to model the relevant aspects of a company’s business processes and its object-oriented information systems without the need for switching between different modeling paradigms or for trans-lating between different modeling languages.

近年來，企業資源規劃系統（Enterprise Resource Planning system, ERP）已經普遍成為中、大型企業整合企業內部各功能單位與企業資源最受歡迎的工具，中小企業在資金允許情況下也會倒入ERP協助企業管理，然而ERP的導入雖帶來許多企業效益，但也常常伴隨著組織變革、員工抗拒和企業流程衝突等問題與挑戰。 對於資源不足、大多數缺乏專業資訊人員的中小企業來說，ERP的導入更是一大挑戰，中小企業組織不若大企業嚴謹，在營運流程上也不見得有一定規範，因此導入ERP系統時，往往需要從現有流程的檢視開始，故本研究探討企業流程再造在中小企業導入ERP系統的過程中扮演的角色及效益，希冀給予未來有意導入或升級ERP系統的中小企業、協助中小企業導入ERP系統的顧問建議。 本研究以個案研究方式為主，選擇電子零組件組裝業中的台灣製造商為個案公司，經由訪談顧問公司主管及個案公司專案負責人，瞭解個案公司ERP系統導入的原因、導入過程的困難與挑戰以及過程中組織、流程的改變。 本研究主要的研究議題如下： 一、從文獻及案例中，蒐集實證資料驗證ERP系統的導入過程有助進行企業流程再造 二、透過個案公司訪談，蒐集實證資料驗證ERP系統有助於企業成長 三、ERP系統商產品選擇及導入流程對於ERP實施成效的影響 / Enterprise Resource Planning system, ERP, has become the most popular system to integrate information between function units in large and medium-sizes enterprises recently. In order to help management, small and medium enterprises may implement ERP when its business is adequately financed. Though enterprises can gain benefits from implementation of ERP, it still comes along with organization change, employee resistance and conflicts of business processes. The implementation of ERP may be a big challenge to small and medium enterprises for those who lack of resources or IT expertise. The structure of small and medium enterprises is not as organized as large enterprises, and even do not have a clear standard operation procedure. Therefore, an inspection of current process is needed in the beginning of ERP implementation. This study focuses on the role that implementation of ERP take and the benefits that small and medium enterprises gain from it, hoping to give advises to those who want to implement or upgrade its ERP system and ERP consultants. It is a case study on Electronic Assembly Company in Taiwan, focusing on the reason of ERP implementation, processes, organization changes and challenges in the implementation of ERP. The main findings are below: 1. Collating data to prove that the implementation of ERP will help to conduct Business Process Reengineering 2. The implementation of ERP will help business growth 3. The process of ERP implementation will influence the effectiveness of ERP

Hälso- och sjukvårdvården har kritiserats och ifrågasatts där patienter hamnar mellan stolarna och kostnaderna stiger. Vården präglas av en byråkratisk funktionsstyrd organisation med en stark profession. Flera försök har gjorts för att effektivisera vården där den senaste trenden är processorientering. Det har påvisats stora utmaningar med att arbeta med processer i vården och det är i studiens syfte att undersöka hur vården arbetat med att utveckla och införa det processorienterade synsättet. Studien ämnar bidra med kunskap genom att konkretisera vilka hinder och möjligheter processorientering och modern verksamhetsstyrning innebär för hälso- och sjukvården. Den första delen med studien blir att kartlägga hur olika landsting och regioner arbetat med att utveckla och införa processorientering inom hälso- och sjukvårdsorganisationer. Vidare kommer den andra delen av studien att analysera hur styr- och förbättringsverktyg tillämpas för att stödja det processorienterade arbetssättet. En kvalitativ flerfallsstudie tillämpades som metod där tre regioner valts ut som studieobjekt utifrån ett kriterieurval, där kvalitativa intervjuer tillämpats som huvudsaklig datainsamlingsmetod.  Studien påvisar relationen gällande de processorienterade aspekterna men däremot skillnader när det gäller arbetsmetoder, styrning och uppföljning. Studien ger en tydlig bild av vad som idag saknas inom hälso- och sjukvården gällande processorientering, nämligen den ekonomiska uppföljningen utifrån en mer horisontell dimension. / Context Health care have been criticized and questioned with increasing costs and where patients are being mismanaged. The health care is characterized by a bureaucratic functional organization with a strong profession. Several attempts have been made to streamline the health care where the latest trend is business process orientation. It has demonstrated great challenges of working with processes in health care and it is in the study's purpose to investigate how the health care worked to develop and implement the business process oriented approach. Purpose The study intends to contribute knowledge by concretize obstacles and opportunities of business process orientation for health care. The first part of the study will be to identify how different counties and regions worked to develop and implement business process orientation in health care organizations. The second part of the study is to analyze how the management control systems are used to support the business process oriented approach. Method A qualitative multiple-case design was applied as a method where three regions were selected as study objects from a standard choice. Qualitative interviews were applied as the primary data collection method. Conclusion The study demonstrates the relationship of existing business process oriented aspects, but on the other hand differences in working methods, management and monitoring. The study provides a clear picture of what is lacking today in health care current business process orientation, especially the financial monitoring from a more horizontal dimension.

This thesis considers the requirement engineering process from the small scale industries point of view. It begins with a brief introduction to software requirements and then proceeds to a detailed study of the requirement engineering process. The later part of the thesis considers Business Process Modeling and how it helps in understanding any business in a better way and how conceptual model helps in extracting business requirements from any particular business scenario. The Object Oriented Technique is used for building the conceptual model. The thesis concludes with a case study. / text

Web services have been developed as an attractive paradigm for publishing, discovering and consuming services. They are loosely-coupled applications that can be run alone or be composed to create new value-added services. They can be consumed as individual services which provide a unique interface to receive inputs and return outputs; or they can be consumed as components to be integrated into business processes. We call the first consumption case individual use and the second case business process use. The requirement of specific tools to assist consumers in the two service consumption cases involves many researches in both academics and industry. On the one hand, many service portals and service crawlers have been developed as specific tools to assist users to search and invoke Web services for individual use. However, current approaches take mainly into account explicit knowledge presented by service descriptions. They make recommendations without considering data that reflect user interest and may require additional information from users. On the other hand, some business process mechanisms to search for similar business process models or to use reference models have been developed. These mechanisms are used to assist process analysts to facilitate business process design. However, they are labor-intense, error-prone, time-consuming, and may make business analyst confused. In our work, we aim at facilitating the service consumption for individual use and business process use using recommendation techniques. We target to recommend users services that are close to their interest and to recommend business analysts services that are relevant to an ongoing designed business process. To recommend services for individual use, we take into account the user's usage data which reflect the user's interest. We apply well-known collaborative filtering techniques which are developed for making recommendations. We propose five algorithms and develop a web-based application that allows users to use services. To recommend services for business process use, we take into account the relations between services in business processes. We target to recommend relevant services to selected positions in a business process. We define the neighborhood context of a service. We make recommendations based on the neighborhood context matching. Besides, we develop a query language to allow business analysts to formally express constraints to filter services. We also propose an approach to extract the service's neighborhood context from business process logs. Finally, we develop three applications to validate our approach. We perform experiments on the data collected by our applications and on two large public datasets. Experimental results show that our approach is feasible, accurate and has good performance in real use-cases

Šiame bakalauro baigiamajame darbe nagrinėjami sandėliavimo procesai, siekiant išspręsti pagrindinę problemą – kaip sumažinti šių procesų metu iškylančias klaidas. Šio darbo tikslas yra surasti sandėliavimo procesų neefektyvumo priežastis ir pateikti pasiūlymus kaip patobulinti sandėliavimo procesus. Darbas remiasi viena didžiausių Lietuvoje siuvimo įmone - AB „Kauno Baltija“. Darbą sudaro trys pagrindinės dalys. Pirmoje šio darbo dalyje, situacijos analizėje, buvo išanalizuotos siuvimo pramonės rinkos tendencijos ir sėkmę lemiantys veiksniai, bei identifikuotos įmonės silpnosios ir stipriosios pusės. Taip pat apžvelgti teoriniai procesų valdymo aspektai, kurie parodė, jog procesų valdymas stipriai įtakoja bendrą organizacijos veiklą ir gali būti reikšminga priemonė, kad įgyti konkurencinį pranašumą kokybės, kaštų bei reagavimo atžvilgiu. Antrojoje darbo dalyje aprašytas atliktas kokybinis AB „Kauno Baltija“ sandėliavimo procesų empirinis tyrimas. Tyrimui atlikti buvo pasirinktas kokybinis tyrimo metodas, kadangi šis metodas labiausiai tinkamas siekiant detaliai išanalizuoti procesą jo natūralioje aplinkoje. Empirinio tyrimo duomenims surinkti buvo naudojamos kelios priemonės – stebėjimas, įmonės dokumentų analizė, neformalūs interviu su darbuotojais, mokslinės ir nemokslinės literatūros šaltinių analizė. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, kad pagrindinės problemos, lemiančios visų sandėlio procesų neefektyvumą atsiranda dėl prastos sandėliavimo sistemos bei prastos duomenų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Warehouse processes are analyzed in this bachelor thesis in order to solve the main problem – how to reduce the quantity of faults that arise during the warehouse process. The purpose of this study is to research the reasons of warehousing process inefficiency and to find the solutions for improving warehouse management. The study is based on manufacturing company JSC “Kauno Baltija” which is one of the largest garment exporters in Lithuania. This study is divided into three main parts. Firstly, the sewing market tendencies and key-success factors were analyzed as well as the weaknesses and strengths of the company identified. First part of this study also summarizes the main theoretical arguments, which show that process management has big influence on overall organizational performance and may be the powerful tool for gaining the competitive advantage through low costs, flexibility and quality. The second part of this bachelor thesis consists of empirical research of AB “Kauno Baltija” warehouse process. Qualitative method of empirical research was chosen, because this is the best way to analyze process in its natural environment. In order to gain data of empirical research several tools were used – observation, the analysis of company documents, informal interview with workers, analysis of nonfiction and unscientific literature. The qualitative empirical research of AB “Kauno Baltija” warehouse processes showed that the basic problems causing inefficiency of all... [to full text]

The introduction of the dissertation gives a short overview of the scope of the research. The first chapter discusses the ways and methods of business process modelling and gives summary on exception types and their nature. The second chapter discusses in detail the exception models, occurring in e-business processes. The third chapter describes the results of the research on handling exceptions in B2C environment. The last, fourth, chapter discusses the method of handling exceptions in B2B environment. At the end of the research the general conclusions are made.