English language learning materials take a central role in Swedish secondary schools. The curriculum in Sweden advocates for communicative language teaching where students are expected to produce language in various contexts without restriction. There is much prior research on different textbooks used in Sweden. However, there has been limited analysis of how well a textbook aligns with the curriculum in terms of compliance with CLT expectations particularly for productive skills. As CLT preaches free production, it is important for teachers to know which books to choose for their courses to successfully incorporate the material to improve their students’ productive skills in various contexts. This study analysed Focus on English 8 which consists of a textbook and a workbook to shed some light on to what degree this textbook follows the Swedish curriculum with a focus on CLT aspects. This was done by using a mixed methods content analysis by conducting both a quantitative and qualitative analysis. The quantitative analysis was done by counting the amount of controlled to uncontrolled exercises in the textbook and workbook. In contrast, the qualitative analysis focused on the scaffolding present in the production exercises. Results show that while the book adheres to the curriculum, the textbook and workbook by themselves do not sufficiently facilitate free production. Thus, several steps outside the teaching materials need to be taken to encourage students to freely produce the language.

Knots are usually regarded as defects when grading lumber. In order to evaluate a member under out-of-plane loading, shear strength is one of the major mechanical properties, specifically, rolling shear (RS) strength is one of the critical mechanical properties of Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT), which determines the flexural strength of CLT under short-span bending loads. Lower grade lumber with a higher percentage of knots is recommended to be utilized for the cross-layer laminations which are mainly responsible for resisting shear stresses. Firstly, shear tests were performed in order to evaluate the effect of knots on longitudinal shear strength using shear blocks. After that, the effect of knots on the RS strength of 3-ply southern yellow pine CLT were investigated by experimental tests and an analytical model. Center-point bending tests with a span-to-depth ratio of 6 and two-plate shear tests with a loading angle of 14° were conducted on six CLT configurations composed of different types of cross layer laminations: clear flatsawn lumber with/without pith, lumber with sound knots with/without pith, and lumber with decayed knots with/without pith. The shear analogy method was implemented to evaluate the RS strength values from the bending test results, which were also compared against the results from the two-plate shear tests. It was found that: (1) The shear blocks containing sound knots had higher shear strength than matched clear shear blocks, the shear blocks containing unsound knots had lower shear strength than the matched clear shear blocks. (2) CLT specimens with cross-layer laminations with either sound knots or decayed knots had higher RS strength. (3) In general, the shear analogy method underestimated the RS strength of CLT specimens containing knots and pith.

Behovet av att snabbt kunna leverera klimatanpassade, högkvalitativa och kostnadseffektiva byggnader gör trämaterialet till ett självklart alternativ inom byggbranschen. Utvecklingen av korslimmat träskivor (KL-trä), orsakar att materialet är ett vanligt förkommande byggmaterial inom byggbranschen. Byggmaterialet erbjuder en låg vikt och en hög kapacitet för belastning i olika riktningar. För att kunna använda KL-träskivorna som bärande konstruktionsdelar behöver en infästning mellan de olika skivorna vara på plats. Anledningen till detta är att krafterna som är orsakade av lasten kan överföras mellan skivorna till grunden och på så sätt erbjuda stabilitet åt konstruktionen.  Marknaden erbjuder flera olika typer av förband för varje anslutning som i sin tur belastas av olika krafter, och med anledning av det har olika typer av förband undersökts i syfte att välja ut två intressanta objekt. Två typer för bjälklag/bjälklag anslutning och två typer för bjälklag/vägg anslutning. För att kunna bestämma vilka relevanta krafter som verkar i de olika typerna har en kraftanalys gjorts. Genom kraftanalyseringen kunde två olika riktningar för tvärkraften i anslutningen mellan bjälklag/bjälklag och en riktning för tvärkraften i anslutningen mellan bjälklag/vägg identifieras.  De valda typerna av förband i denna undersökning är enkellask, skråskruvning, vinkelbeslag och självborrande skråskruvar. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att skråskruvnings förbandet erbjuder en bättre kapacitet för tvärkraft i olika riktningar i jämförelse med skarv med enkel lask för anslutning mellan bjälklags skivor. Å andra sidan erbjuder självborrande skråskruvar en bättre kapacitet för tvärkraft jämfört med vinkelbeslag för anslutning mellan bjälklaget och väggen. Tvärkraften i bjälklagsskivor verkar i två riktningar samtidigt, vilket gör att olika snitt längs med bjälklagets bredd bör göras för att ta fram de olika krafter i olika delar av skivan och kunna bestämma antalet skruvar som behövs i varje del. Snitten visar dessutom att färre antal skruvar behövs för lösningen med skråskruvning jämfört med skarv med enkel lask. / The demand for quickly deliverable climate adapted, high quality, and cost-effective buildings makes wood material an obvious alternative in the construction industry. The development of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) boards has presented wood as a common building material in the construction industry, the building material offers a low weight and a high capacity for loading in different directions. On the other hand, to be able to use the CLT wooden boards as load bearing structural parts, an attachment between the different boards needs to be in place so that the forces caused by the load can be transferred between the boards to the base and thus offers stability in the construction.  The market offers several different types of joints for each connection, each connection in turn is loaded by different forces, therefore in this thesis different types of joints are compared to choose two suitable ones, one for floor/floor connection and one for floor/wall connection. A force analysis is done to determine which relevant forces should be studied in different types. The force analysis identifies two different directions of the transverse force in the connection between the floor/floor and one direction for the transverse force in the connection between the floor/wall.  The selected joint types are single surface spline, slanting screw, metal brackets and self-tapping screws. The results show that the slanting screw connection method offers a better capacity for transverse forces in different directions compared to the single surface spline for connection between floorboards, while the self-tapping screws offer a better capacity for transverse forces compared to the metal brackets method for connection between the floor and the wall. The transverse force in the floorboards acts in two directions at the same time, which means that different cuts along the width of the floor should be made to produce different forces in different parts and to determine the number of screws needed in each part. The sections show that fewer screws are needed for a solution with slanting screw compared to single surface spline.

To achieve the climate and environmental goals the Swedish government took actions to increase timber construction. One material that have been getting more and more popularity the past years is Cross-laminated timber. This is a study that investigates the implementation phase of the CLT framework. The study is also demarcated to knowledge types and competence. The method of obtaining information consists of 9 interviews that investigates 4 different projects that have used CLT framework. The result of the interviews have been put together into the result and then analyzed. The results have been compared with past studies from the Theoretical frame of reference, which is focused on knowledge and competence. The study is focused around 3 knowledge types which is domain specific knowledge, procedural knowledge and general knowledge. One of the problems that was recurring was the lack of piercings in the CLT elements. The entrepreneurs that had experience with CLT made their own piercings while the other entrepreneurs had bigger issues. To achieve the best implementation phase it is needed procedural and domain specific knowledge, if you don’t have that it is beneficial to hire a consultant who does.

The construction industry stands in front of several challenges when it comes to sustainability where the choice of material can affect the carbon dioxide emissions. The interest to use CLT has increased the last years probably due to increased environmental awareness. Studies have shown that there is a research need when it comes to moisture in CLT which this report have looked deeper in to. The purpose was to create a bigger understanding for moisture protection of CLT in the design phase. The method was a qualitive case study where the main data collection was interviews. Complimentary material to the primary data was gathered through a document study to answer the first research question. This created a triangulation and strengthened the reliability of the study. A literature search was implemented to create a scientific foundation to the study.  Three reference objects were the basis for the study where architects, constructors, contractors and moisture consultants were interviewed. The results of this study showed that the industry standard for building moisture safe constructions ByggaF is used as a foundation for the moisture work but is adjusted to the project. The work with moisture protection begins in the project planning document phase and continues throughout the whole process of the project. The moisture consultant reviews and follow up the work continually. The study also shows that there is lack of experience when it comes to CLT in the industry. Challenges that occurred were inadequate communication between different disciplines. The areas for improvement in the industry are that a library with standard details should be developed. It also occurred that it is important to include a moisture consultant and supplier of CLT early in the project. The study showed that there is shortage in experience when it comes to moisture control of CLT. Shortage in experience can result in CLT being deselected as an alternative to concrete. It also appears that there are challenges with the communication to production which is probably a consequence of lack of experiences. The possibilities of CLT are many since it is a sustainable material, easy to assemble and creates a nice environment. By further education and sharing experiences, the knowledge regarding CLT and moisture in the industry can increase. For an easier design phase, a library with standard details should be developed as well as further tools in the form of an agenda that treats general moisture control. The question regarding weather protection is something that has been discussed which sets different requirements for the design phase and there is a need for further research regarding this question.

Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-29T14:05:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_SERGIO_SILVA_DEMOLINER_COMPLETO.pdf: 1809107 bytes, checksum: aaa1034fd0bae826bf118796e9fdc48a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-29T14:05:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_SERGIO_SILVA_DEMOLINER_COMPLETO.pdf: 1809107 bytes, checksum: aaa1034fd0bae826bf118796e9fdc48a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Researchers of social psychology and marketing professionals have historically demonstrated interest in understanding the psychological processes involved in the techniques applied to influence consumer choice. The effect of previous commitment as an influencer on choice behavior (CC effect) was largely studied in the field of social influence. However, studies of the CC effect have been limited to the influence caused in consumer choice when he chooses for himself and neglected when he chooses for other people. Authors in the field of consumers choices have studied the differences between choosing for themselves versus choosing for others, justified by the psychological distance (CLT ? Construal Level Theory). Studies that analyzed the relations between both theories (CC and CLT) are rare. Some evidences demonstrated the moderator effect of the psychological distance (in its temporal dimension) on the CC effect. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of previous commitment on consumer choice (CC) not only for himself but for others and to check if the social dimension of the psychological distance also plays a role of moderator in the CC effect. For this study it was developed an experiment 2 (Commitment: Yes versus No) x 2 (Type of Decision: for Himself versus for Others) with 180 American participants (between subjects). The experimental group was driven to a commitment manipulation favorable to a healthy cause. There after all the participants were exposed to a choice simulation when they could choose a healthy or an indulgent product. Half of the group was asked to make a choice for themselves and the other half was asked to make a choice for another person. The data was analyzed using logistic regression and ?t? test, according to the type of analysis required. The results demonstrated that the CC effect occurs not only when the consumer chooses for himself but also when he chooses for others. However, the moderator effect of social dimension of psychological distance (CLT) in the CC effect was not confirmed. From these evidences it can be inferred that the previous commitment can be an efficient technique to influence people to make healthier food choices, specially due to the frequency consumers buy food for other people (ex. Family fathers or mothers). / Pesquisadores da psicologia social e profissionais de marketing, historicamente, t?m demonstrado interesse na compreens?o dos processos psicol?gicos envolvidos nas t?cnicas aplicadas para influenciar as escolhas do consumidor. O efeito do comprometimento pr?vio como influenciador do comportamento de escolha (efeito CC) foi amplamente estudado no campo da influ?ncia social. No entanto, o estudo do efeito CC tem se limitado ? influ?ncia causada no consumidor quando este escolhe para si e, negligenciado, quando ele escolhe para outras pessoas. Autores do campo da escolha do consumidor t?m estudado as diferen?as entre as escolhas para si vs. escolhas para o outro, justificada pela dist?ncia psicol?gica (CLT ? Construal Level Theory). Raros s?o os estudos que analisaram as rela??es entre ambas as teorias (CC e CLT). Algumas evid?ncias demonstraram o efeito moderador da dist?ncia psicol?gica (em sua dimens?o temporal) no efeito CC. O presente estudo buscou analisar o efeito do comprometimento pr?vio na escolha do consumidor (CC), tanto nas escolhas para si quanto para o outro, e verificar se dimens?o social da dist?ncia psicol?gica tamb?m exerce papel moderador no efeito CC. Para isso, desenvolveu-se um experimento 2 (Comprometimento: Sim vs. N?o) x 2 (Tipo de Decis?o: para Si vs. para o Outro) com 180 participantes americanos (entre-sujeitos). O grupo experimental passou por uma manipula??o de comprometimento em favor de uma causa saud?vel. Em seguida, todos foram expostos a uma situa??o de escolha por um produto saud?vel ou indulgente. Metade do grupo foi solicitada a fazer escolha para si e a outra metade a escolher para outra pessoa. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se regress?o log?stica e teste t, conforme o tipo de an?lise necess?ria. Os resultados demonstraram que o efeito CC ocorre n?o apenas quando o consumidor escolhe para si, mas tamb?m quando escolhe para o outro. No entanto, n?o confirmou o efeito moderador da dimens?o social da dist?ncia psicol?gica no efeito CC, sugerindo que podem haver diferentes n?veis de influ?ncia da dist?ncia psicol?gica (CLT) no efeito CC. A partir dessas evid?ncias pode-se inferir que o comprometimento pr?vio pode ser uma eficiente t?cnica para influenciar as pessoas a fazerem escolhas de alimenta??o mais saud?veis, dada a frequ?ncia com a qual os consumidores compram alimentos para outras pessoas (ex.: pais e m?es de fam?lia).

I denna studie analyseras en byggnad producerad med volymmoduler med lastbärande stomme av KL-trä. Resultat från analysen av hur laster påverkar byggnaden jämförs med resultat från motsvarande analys av en stomme producerad med reglar och balkar. I studien redovisas de krafter byggnaden utsätts för och förband mellan vägg och bjälklag. Ett förslag på förband mellan vägg och bjälklag presenteras och en jämförelse av bärförmågan i en volymmodul med KL-trästomme kontra träregelstomme genomförs. / In this study, a building produced with volume modules with a load bearing CLT-system is analyzed. Results from the analysis of how loads affect the building are compared with results from the corresponding analysis of a conventionally produced volumetric element and how vertical loads as well as wind loads affect its design. In the study, the forces that the building is exposed to are examined and the connection between wall and floor joints is designed. The forces and torque a construction built up of volume modules is exposed to are also presented. In the study the connection between the floor joints and the supporting wall is designed according to Eurocode. A comparison is presented with respect to the load carrying capacity of a volume module with CLT and a conventional load bearing frame.

Submitted by Jailda Nascimento (jmnascimento@pucsp.br) on 2016-10-21T14:59:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Helena Silveira Armando Waitman.pdf: 1019394 bytes, checksum: 29c4ff8848c3ca613046c00fbc399a29 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-21T14:59:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Helena Silveira Armando Waitman.pdf: 1019394 bytes, checksum: 29c4ff8848c3ca613046c00fbc399a29 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-06 / The main objective of this thesis is to analyze the reception or non-reception of Article 384 of the Consolidation of the Labor Laws by the Federal Constitution of 1988. The Constitution of 1988, in Article 5, I, set the equality of men and women in rights and obligations. On the other hand, article 384 of the Consolidation of the Labor Laws provides a rest of fifteen (15) minutes, only to women, before the overtime. Based on the study of the principle of equality, elapsing through the historical evolution and protection rules related to the work performed by women and the current Brazilian constitutionality control system, we come to the specific analysis of the compatibility or not of Article 384 of the Consolidation of Labor Laws with the present Federal Constitution. The purpose of this study is to deepen the discussion on the scope of the principle of gender equality nowadays regarding the change of women’s social role since 1943 (the year of approval of the Consolidation of the Labor Laws), putting in question the validity or not of women’s protective job rules, in particular Article 384 of the onsolidation of the Labor Laws / A presente dissertação tem por objetivo analisar a recepção ou não recepção do artigo 384 da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho (CLT) pela Constituição Federal de 1988. A Constituição Federal de 1988, em seu artigo 5º, I, prevê a igualdade de homens e mulheres em direitos e obrigações. Já o artigo 384 da CLT prevê um descanso de 15 minutos, somente às mulheres, antes do início do labor extraordinário. Partindo do estudo do princípio da igualdade, permeando a evolução histórica e normativa da proteção ao trabalho da mulher e verificando o controle de constitucionalidade vigente no sistema constitucional pátrio, chega-se à análise específica da compatibilidade ou não do artigo 384 da CLT com a atual Constituição Federal. O objetivo do trabalho é aprofundar a discussão sobre a abrangência do princípio da igualdade de gênero na atualidade frente a mudança no papel social da mulher desde 1943 (ano de aprovação da CLT), colocando em pauta a vigência ou não das normas protetivas ao seu trabalho, em especial do artigo 384 da CLT

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-11-09T11:34:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CristianneMoreiraMartinsDissertacao2017.pdf: 944722 bytes, checksum: d98e012ef901c62bdb9ab99e3b1d4126 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-11-09T11:56:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CristianneMoreiraMartinsDissertacao2017.pdf: 944722 bytes, checksum: d98e012ef901c62bdb9ab99e3b1d4126 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-09T11:56:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CristianneMoreiraMartinsDissertacao2017.pdf: 944722 bytes, checksum: d98e012ef901c62bdb9ab99e3b1d4126 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-15 / The history has also shown and demonstrates that migratory flow occurs for a variety of reasons, such as sociocultural, economic and political issues. The problem of the present work is to show that the growing search for work is one of the major causes of displacement of the Haitians to Brazil, a fact that occurred after the earthquake of January 12, 2010. This dissertation examines some points related to the concepts of migration, immigration, emigration, foreigners, refugees and recent trends in Haitian immigration and the Brazilian labor market. Nevertheless, interviews will be analyzed on the theme and approach of the main national and international standards, taking into account the Human Rights of migrants, the Consolidation of Labor Laws, the Conventions of the International Labor Organization, the new Migration Law and the vulnerability of Haitian workers. / A hist??ria demonstrou e demonstra ainda que o fluxo migrat??rio ocorre por diversificados motivos, tais como quest??es de ordem sociocultural, econ??mica e pol??tica. A celeuma do presente trabalho ?? mostrar que a crescente busca pelo trabalho ?? uma das maiores causas de deslocamento dos haitianos para o Brasil, fato este ocorrido ap??s o terremoto de 12 de janeiro de 2010. Nesta disserta????o de mestrado s??o examinados alguns pontos relativos aos conceitos de migra????o, imigra????o, emigra????o, estrangeiro, refugiado e tend??ncias recentes da imigra????o haitiana e o mercado de trabalho brasileiro. N??o obstante, ser??o analisados dados de entrevistas sobre o tema e abordagem das principais normas nacionais e internacionais, levando em conta os direitos humanos dos migrantes, a Consolida????o das Leis do Trabalho, as Conven????es da Organiza????o Internacional do Trabalho, a nova Lei de Migra????o e a situa????o de vulnerabilidade dos trabalhadores haitianos.

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-11-09T13:13:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LucianaCypresteSantosBaglioliDissertacao2017.pdf: 1613028 bytes, checksum: 20645300e34a4a279d77def04cb0514e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-11-09T13:14:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LucianaCypresteSantosBaglioliDissertacao2017.pdf: 1613028 bytes, checksum: 20645300e34a4a279d77def04cb0514e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-09T13:14:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LucianaCypresteSantosBaglioliDissertacao2017.pdf: 1613028 bytes, checksum: 20645300e34a4a279d77def04cb0514e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-01 / This study aims to study the relationship between work and mental health. Historically, contemporary society has undergone major transformations in the social, cultural, political and economic spheres, interfering, in the first place, with a new conception about the health of the worker. Today, the concern is not only about physical health, but also about the mental health generated within working organizations associated with the modes of production of capital, and it brings in the background an epidemic of work-related mental disorders, recurring interference in workers' ability to act. Health control was incorporated into new forms of management, but the suffering at work persists expressed in manifestations such as stress, chronic fatigue, anxiety, depression among other behavioral pathologies. From this perspective, it focuses on the object of study about the relationship between work and mental health of the worker. The objective of the research is to establish the link between the work environment and the mental health of the worker, with the recognition of some mental and behavioral disorders as a function of work activities, and to demonstrate how organizations, through work processes, Can affect the mental health of workers by highlighting the illnesses and consequently temporary and / or permanent withdrawal of their work activities through the recognition of these as occupational diseases in the light of the perception of the International Labor Organization. / Este trabalho tem como objeto de estudo a rela????o entre trabalho e sa??de mental. Historicamente, a sociedade contempor??nea vem sofrendo grandes transforma????es no ??mbito social, cultural, pol??tico e econ??mico interferindo, sobremaneira, numa nova concep????o sobre a sa??de do trabalhador. Nos dias atuais a preocupa????o depreende-se em torno n??o somente da sa??de f??sica, como tamb??m da sa??de mental gerada no interior das organiza????es de trabalho associada aos modos de produ????o do capital e trazem como pano de fundo uma epidemia de transtornos mentais relacionadas ao trabalho, interferindo recorrentemente na capacidade de agir dos trabalhadores. O controle da sa??de foi incorporado ??s novas formas de gest??o, mas o sofrimento no trabalho persiste expresso em manifesta????es como estresse, fadiga cr??nica, ansiedade, depress??o dentre outras patologias comportamentais. A partir desta perspectiva, dedica-se sobre o objeto de estudo acerca da rela????o entre o trabalho e a sa??de mental do trabalhador. O objetivo da pesquisa perpassa pelo estabelecimento do v??nculo entre o meio ambiente de trabalho e a sa??de mental do trabalhador, com o reconhecimento de alguns transtornos mentais e comportamentais em fun????o das atividades laborais, al??m de demonstrar como as organiza????es, atrav??s dos processos de trabalho, podem acometer ?? sa??de mental dos trabalhadores evidenciando os adoecimentos e consequentemente afastamentos tempor??rios e/ou permanentes de suas atividades laborais atrav??s do reconhecimento desses enquanto doen??as ocupacionais a luz da percep????o da Organiza????o Internacional do Trabalho - OIT.