Research within the subject of leadership has grown over the past 60 years with the common aim of finding certain styles of leadership which will lead to productive work teams and an effective organization. Research about leadership in a nursing home setting is limited and tends to highlight leadership from the leader’s perspective, eliminating staff's, in this case nurses', view on the topic. Simultaneously, the nurse turnover has reached an all-time high pointing to dysfunctional leadership or a lack thereof as an important contributing factor. The aim of this study is to high point nurses’ views on leadership, particularly its role in making well-functioning teams to lower the turnover and provide a better ground for an effective organization. The goal is to find styles of leadership that create work satisfaction, pride and motivation within teams. The study focuses on different ways in which a leader can contribute to these factors. After performing five qualitative interviews with nurses from two nursing homes in a small town in southern Sweden the results show that there is not one leadership style that does best in reaching the above factors. What determines the most suited style of leadership is the current situation and maturity of the team, where different situations and levels of maturity demand different things from the leader. The conclusion is that a leader must be flexible enough to adapt one’s leadership style to meet the needs of the organization and its employees. Furthermore, the results show that autonomy, good relations and shared goals within the team are important motivational factors. There is a lack of research focusing on the practical approaches to a flexible leadership, which is why further research within the field would be beneficial. Likewise, more extensive research on leadership in nursing homes is desired. This study may contribute to a better understanding of nurses’ views on leadership in a nursing home setting, providing important insights to social workers working or wanting to work within this setting.

El Colegio de Traductores del Perú es un único gremio que reúne exclusivamente a traductores y traductores e intérpretes profesionales del Perú. El presente artículo toma como eje principal la falta de enfoque competencial en la certificación que la institución ofrece a sus asociados. La traducción abarca una serie de competencias traductoras que le permite al traductor realizar su trabajo de manera eficiente, tal es así que esta investigación toma como base el modelo holístico de competencias que propone el grupo PACTE para identificar las competencias del traductor colegiado certificado. El artículo describe las competencias del TCC, luego se identifica las competencias de traductores en otros modelos: instituciones educativas, asociaciones profesionales e investigaciones académicas. Finalmente, se muestran los resultados de los cuatro contextos y se establece una discusión que sirve como guía para plantear una propuesta del perfil componencial ideal de los TCC. / The Peruvian Association of Licensed Translators is the only trade that gathers all professional translators and interpreters in Peru. This article focuses on the lack of competence approach in the certification process of the association. Translating encompasses a series of translation competences that allow translators to perform their work efficiently. Therefore, this article is based on the holistic model proposed by the PACTE group to identify the Licensed Certified Translator competences. First, the article describes the Licensed Certified Translator competences, then identifies translator competences in different contexts: educational institutions, professional associations, and academic studies. Finally, the results in the four contexts are shown to make a discussion that will be used as a guide to make a proposal of the Licensed Certified Translator. / Trabajo de investigación

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Immunosensors are affinity ligand-based biosensor solid-state devices in which the immunochemical reaction is coupled to a transducer. The specificity of the molecular recognition of antigens by antibodies to form a stable complex is the basis of the immunosensor on the electrode. The development of such a sensor requires a better design and preparation of an optimum interface between the biomolecules and the detector material. The immunosensors were developed based on Polyaniline derivative composite. Novel water soluble PdTe quantum dots (QD) was synthesized and characterized by different physical techniques such as UV-Visible (UV-VIS), Fluorescence Spectroscopy (PL), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The electroactivity of such synthesized quantum dots was studied by cyclic voltammetry in aqueous media. The synthesis of poly(2,5- dimethoxyaniline)-multi wall 'carbon nanotubes nanocomposite was carried out by electropolymerization in situ of 2,5-dimethoxyaniline - multi wall carbon nanotubes (PDMA-MWCNT) from aqueous dispersion containing acid-treated multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and 2,5-dimethoxyaniline subsequently modifying a glassy carbon electrode in acid media. An undoped PDMA was also prepared for control. The composite for this work, consists of layer-by-layer method to form a multilayer film of QDs and PDMA-MWCNT. The method used was as follows; the drop coating of quantum dots followed by electrodeposition of poly(2,5- dimethoxyaniline )-carbon nanotubes onto surface of glassy carbon. The PDMA-CNT was characterized by UV-Visible (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical characterisation of PDMA-CNT was carried out using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The composite (QDs-PDMA-MWCNT) was also characterized using above mentioned techniques. The electrochemical immunosensor for fumonisin a mycotoxin was prepared by dropcoating of mycotoxins antibody onto the composite modified glassy carbon electrode. The response profiles of fumonisins sensors system were obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The fumonisin immunosensor was used for the detection of fumonisins in certified com reference materials. For comparison reasons, analysis of such mycotoxins was carried out by using conventional analytical method enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The EIS response of FBI immunosensor (GCEIPT-PDMA-MWCNT/anti-Fms-BSA) gave a linear range of 7 to 49 ng L-I and the corresponding sensitivity and detection limits were 0.0162 ka L ng-I and 0.46 pg L-I, respectively. Hence the limit of detection of GCEIPT-PDMA-MWCNT immunosensor for fumonisins in com certified material was calculated to 0.014 and 0.011 ppm for FBI, and FB2 and FB3, respectively. These results are lower than those obtained by ELISA, a provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) for fumonisins (the sum of FBI, FB2, and FB3) established by the Joint FAO / WHO expert committee on food additives and contaminants of 2 ug kg" and the maximum level recommended by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for protection of human consumption (2-4 mg L-I).

En géosciences, les applications associées au calage de modèles d'écoulement nécessitent d'appeler plusieurs fois un simulateur au cours d'un processus d'optimisation. Or, une seule simulation peut durer plusieurs heures et l'exécution d'une boucle complète de calage peut s'étendre sur plusieurs jours. Diminuer le temps de calcul global à l'aide des techniques de bases réduites (RB) constitue l’objectif de la thèse.Il s'agit plus précisément dans ce travail d'appliquer ces techniques aux écoulements incompressibles diphasiques eau-huile en milieu poreux. Ce modèle, bien que simplifié par rapport aux modèles utilisés dans l'industrie pétrolière, constitue déjà un défi du point de vue de la pertinence de la méthode RB du fait du couplage entre les différentes équations, de la forte hétérogénéité des données physiques, ainsi que du choix des schémas numériques de référence.Nous présentons d'abord le modèle considéré, le schéma volumes finis (VF) retenu pour l'approximation numérique, ainsi que différentes paramétrisations pertinentes en simulation de réservoir. Ensuite, après un bref rappel de la méthode RB, nous mettons en oeuvre la réduction du problème en pression à un instant donné en suivant deux démarches distinctes. La première consiste à interpréter la discrétisation VF comme une approximation de Ritz-Galerkine, ce qui permet de se ramener au cadre standard de la méthode RB mais n'est possible que sous certaines hypothèses restrictives. La seconde démarche lève ces restrictions en construisant le modèle réduit directement au niveau discret.Enfin, nous testons deux stratégies de réduction pour la collection en temps de pressions paramétrées par les variations de la saturation. La première considère le temps juste comme un paramètre supplémentaire. La seconde tente de mieux capturer la causalité temporelle en introduisant les trajectoires en temps paramétrées. / In geosciences, applications involving model calibration require a simulator to be called several times with an optimization process. However, a single simulation can take several hours and a complete calibration loop can extend over serval days. The objective of this thesis is to reduce the overall simulation time using reduced basis (RB) techniques.More specifically, this work is devoted to applying such techniques to incompressible two-phase water-oil flows in porous media. Despite its relative simplicity in comparison to other models used in the petroleum industry, this model is already a challenge from the standpoint of reduced order modeling. This is due to the coupling between its equations, the highly heterogeneous physical data, as well as the choice of reference numerical schemes.We first present the two-phase flow model, along with the finite volume (FV) scheme used for the discretization and relevant parameterizations in reservoir simulation. Then, after having recalled the RB method, we perform a reduction of the pressure equation at a fixed time step by two different approaches. In the first approach, we interpret the FV discretization as a Ritz-Galerkine approximation, which takes us back to the standard RB framework but which is possible only under severe assumptions. The second approach frees us of these restrictions by building the RB method directly at the discrete level.Finally, we deploy two strategies for reducing the collection in time of pressuresparameterized by the variations of the saturation. The first one simply considers time as an additional parameter. The second one attempts to better capture temporalcausality by introducing parameterized time-trajectories.

Bakgrund och problem: Yrkesrollen redovisningskonsult har förändrats under de senaste två decennierna i Sverige, särskilt gällande branschorganisationernas utformande av titeln Auktoriserad Redovisningskonsult. Tillhörande titeln finns examinationsprov, teoretiska och praktiska krav samt branschspecifika standarder att följa. Följaktligen kan branschorganisationerna FAR och Srf konsulterna sägas försöka professionalisera yrkesrollen redovisningskonsult. Utvecklingen anses vara intressant att studera ur ett professionsteoretiskt perspektiv eftersom tidigare forskning på redovisningskonsulter är begränsad. Syfte: Studien syftar att analysera redovisningskonsulternas professionalisering genom att undersöka hur branschorganisationerna framställer professionaliseringen i egenpublicerade facktidskrifter. Metod: Studien har genomförts via en kvalitativ innehållsanalys och en deduktiv ansats. Innehållsanalysen har utförts på artiklar från branschorganisationerna FAR och Srf konsulternas respektive facktidskrifter Tidningen Balans och Tidningen Konsulten. Slutsats: Redovisningskonsulter genomgår en professionalisering baserat på att auktorisation och utbildning ges stort fokus av branschorganisationerna. Dock finns flertalet brister gällande professionsteorin kring kunskapsbas, ensamrätt, formell utbildning och ideologi. Kring ideologin framhävs kommersiella aspekter såsom egenintresse och kundfokus, vilka skapar oklarheter om professionsstatus kan uppnås. / Background and problem: The role of accounting consultant has developed during the last two decades in Sweden, especially regarding the trade associations’ establishment of the title Authorised Accounting Consultant (Auktoriserad Redovisningskonsult). Inherent to the title is examinations, theoretical and practical requirements as well as industry specific standards to follow. Hence the trade associations FAR and Srf konsulterna are attempting a professionalisation of the role of accounting consultant. This development is considered interesting to study from a professional theoretical perspective since prior research regarding accounting consultants is limited. Purpose: The objective of this study is to analyse the professionalisation of accounting consultants through investigating how trade associations depict the professionalisation in their self-published trade journals. Method: The study was performed using a qualitative content analysis and a deductive approach. The content analysis used articles from the trade journals Tidningen Balans and Tidningen Konsulten, given out by trade associations FAR and Srf konsulterna. Conclusion: Accounting consultants are undergoing professionalisation based on trade association mainly focusing on certification and education. However, there are multiple flaws regarding professional theory surrounding the knowledge base, exclusive right to practise, formal education and ideology. Regarding ideology, commercial aspects such as self-interest and customer focus is highlighted, which create ambiguities surrounding if professional status can be achieved.

Syftet med denna studie är att belysa hur upplevelsen gällande dokumentation bland personal inom hemvården ser ut. Detta gjordes genom en kvalitativ studie med sex slumpmässigt utvalda ur personalen på tre arbetsplatser inom en medelstor stad i Sverige. Den huvudsakliga faktorn som formar upplevelsen gällande dokumentationen bland personal tenderer att vara hur arbetstiden är fördelad, då ingen specifik tid till detta finns utsatt i deras schema. Detta verkar vara ett stressmoment bland personalen. Vikten av kunskap, både gällande möjligheten till att använda de redskap som finns tillgängliga inom arbetsplatsen samt tillräckliga språkkunskaper för att ordentligt kunna dokumentera har även nämnts som viktiga faktorer. Tillgängligheten av verktyg, främst datorer visade sig ha en stor inverkan på personalens upplevelser gällande tiden. En annan faktor som pekades ut var arbetsklimatet, som var påverkat av det stöd som erbjöds från personalgrupp och enhetschef vid problem gällande dokumentationen. Den sista större faktorn gällande upplevelsen av dokumentationen visade sig vara att den ger en trygghet, något som skyddar både personal och brukare. För att vidare belysa resultaten av denna studie, användes två teorier, KASAM (Känsla av sammanhang) och systemteorin. / The purpose of this study is to shed some light regarding the experiences among personnel within home care services about documentation as a work activity. This is done by a quality study with six randomly selected personnel for an interview from three workplaces within a medium sized city in Sweden. The result of this study shows a pattern among the participants in certain areas. The primary factor that shapes the experience regarding documentation among personnel tend to be how the working time is distributed, since no specific time set aside for documentation only in the schedule. This tends to be a stress factor amongst the personnel. The importance of knowledge, both regarding the ability to use the tools available within the workplace and the language skill needed to properly document has been mentioned as important factors. The accessibility of tools, primary computers has a major impact on the experience of time amongst the personnel. Another factor that was pointed out was the working climate, which was affected by the support offered by both other personnel and head of unit should problems regarding documentation arise. And lastly a major factor regarding the experience about documentation turned out to be the safety it gives regarding the rule of law, which protected both the personnel and patients. To further shed light regarding the results of this study, two theories were applied, “sense of coherence” and systems theory.

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[pt] A participação de laboratórios clínicos em programas de ensaio de proficiência é uma importante ferramenta para gestão da qualidade. A maior parte das avaliações de desempenho de laboratórios clínicos por ensaio de proficiência se realiza com base no critério Z-Score, cujo valor designado é o consenso de resultados obtidos pelos participantes da rodada de proficiência, que é fortemente dependente da qualidade dos sistemas analíticos dos participantes. Utilizando uma base de dados fornecida por um provedor de ensaios de proficiência acreditado pelo INMETRO, este trabalho compara o desempenho de critérios para a avaliação da proficiência de laboratórios clínicos para medição de glicose. Consideraram-se não só critérios comumente utilizados, mas também novos critérios propostos que independem do consenso, baseados apenas em parâmetros associados ao valor designado pelo material de referência. As discrepâncias de classificação de desempenho dos laboratórios em função dos critérios de avaliação empregados indicaram inadequações da classificação baseada em critérios com parâmetros afetados pelo consenso entre participantes. O estudo também permitiu caracterizar o desempenho dos sistemas analíticos empregados pelos participantes, evidenciando-se uma discrepância significativa entre seus resultados. Os resultados do presente trabalho possibilitam analisar o impacto dos critérios utilizados no ensaio de proficiência para a adequada avaliação do desempenho dos laboratórios, contribuindo, assim, para a garantia da confiabilidade dos diagnósticos clínicos e condutas terapêuticas. / [en] The participation of clinical laboratories in proficiency testing programs is an important tool for quality management. Most evaluations of clinical laboratory performance by proficiency testing are carried out based on the Z-Score criterion; whose assigned value is the consensus of results obtained by the participants of the round, which is heavily dependent on the quality of analytical systems of participants. Using a database provided by a proficiency testing provider accredited by INMETRO, this paper compares the performance of criteria for the assessment of proficiency of clinical laboratories for measuring glucose. The analysis considered not only commonly used criteria, but also new proposed criteria that are independent of the consensus effect, based only on parameters associated with the assigned value defined by the reference material. The observed discrepancies in the performance rating of laboratories, according to the evaluation criteria employed, allowed the evidencing of inadequacies in the classifications based on criteria using parameters affected by the consensus among participants. The study also characterized the performance of analytical systems employed by the laboratories, evidencing a significant discrepancy between the results its. The present work allowed a better understanding of the impact of criteria applied in proficiency testing programs on the adequacy of evaluation of laboratories performance, thus contributing to ensuring the reliability of clinical diagnostics and therapeutical procedures.

The building industry is one of the most polluting industry in the world as buildings are responsible for 30% of greenhouse gas emission in the world (IAE, 2010) and have very low replacement rates. Measuring the environmental impacts of construction is now a major concern.The main objective of this thesis was to give an overview of the current status of building certifications, discuss the expected roles and limitations of building certifications, and analyze the impact of building certification tools during the conception of a building or an urban project.For the following thesis, qualitative research was used the most since the purpose is to have a better understanding of the role of building certifications among building and real estate professionals. An empirical study was made consisting of 9 semi-structured interviews and a survey designed for building professionals such as architects, constructors, environmental building consultants, and property developers.This paper shows that certification tools are becoming very common among building professionals especially in metropolitan areas such as Paris. The main drivers for developing certified buildings are client demand, marketing advantage and an overall high quality building. The main obstacle remains the initial cost. Building professionals from the interview and the survey almost all agree that certifications are a good guide and assessment tool to build high quality buildings. However, building professionals are quite insure on the impact of certification tools on sustainability on the conception of a building or urban project as many factors are to take into account.

No description available.