During our university studies we learned about the importance of play for children'sdevelopment. During play children practice many elements, such as social andcommunication skills and they learn easier. This because play is fun and they use theirimagination and creativity to develop their play, creating new games - this isimportant for their learning and development. Therefore, we know that play is anexcellent teaching tool, but I wonder what do pedagogues think of play?I also wonder what factors influence children's play and how important the "oldfashionedplay" or play without modern toys such as electronic toys or gadgets are forchildren's development? Therefore, I travelled to a small village in India, where there is no modern technology,to carry out this study about play. Over the course of ten days I observed childrenplaying and interviewed three teachers in a private school to study how thecircumstances make children create their own toys to play with, and how importantthis play and these toys are for the children's' lives and development. As a result ofthis study I came to the conclusion that economic, religious, cultural and genderfactors influence children's play in this village in India. Creating their own toysdevelops children´s creativity and fine motor skills, and helps them socialize whilethey are teaching each other how to create the toy. In a multicultural society like ours in Sweden, we have many first- and secondgenerationimmigrants in our schools, therefore it is important to learn and understandhow other cultures play and how we as pedagogues see and adopt this kind of playand different games to teach. In this study I want to show another perspective of playto understand our own play in Sweden. I believe that this multicultural perspectivewill only enrich our profession.

This study is about the child’s perspective when it comes to work with financial assistance. The purpose of the study was partly to describe how social workers regard the child’s perspective in their work with financial assistance and partly to look into whether they impose a child’s perspective in their practical work. To fulfill this purpose the authors used a quantitative method and sent out a web based survey to all the social workers actively working with financial assistance in Stockholm town. This study is based on the results of 93 replies. The results show that the social workers believe to a great extent that they have an understanding for the child’s perspective. They also claim to practice the child’s perspective to a relatively great extent. The social workers are less inclined to acknowledge the principle of children’s right to make themselves heard. According to the Convention on the Rights of Children as well as Swedish law children have the right, when it comes to matters that involve them, to express their opinion and have it taken into consideration, with regards to their age and maturity, but in the financial assistance procedure that right is not being met

This essay discusses in a comparative way the Swedish and Norwegian legal system, mainly laws that contain adoption regulations. It also compares the administrative work that the government in both countries practices in relation to the individual person. In this essay, focus lies on the legal rights of the child in the adoption process and how well the government and its service meet the requirements from abroad.This essay has shown that the government has many rules and regulations that regulate their work and that all the sub processes are designed to ensure the child’s best in the adoption in both Sweden and Norway. Despite some differences in the investigation process, the work is very much alike. The differences in the investigation that leads to an approval has shown that the government in Norway is not as controlling in comparison to the Swedish government. This could lead to the child’s rights being neglected to a certain extent.

Darbe atlikta teorinė socialinių pedagogų darbo sampratos ir vaikų globos namuose įgyvendinamų funkcijų analizė. Iškelta hipotezė, kad socialiniai pedagogai dirbantys vaikų globos namuose įgyvendindami realias funkcijas, neatlieka kelių pagrindinių funkcijų: individualaus darbo su globotiniu, ruošimo socialinei (re) integracijai. Anketinės apklausos metodu buvo atliktas tyrimas, kurio tikslas - ištirti socialinių pedagogų darbo specifiką bei prioritetus. Statistiškai apdoroti socialinius duomenis buvo pasirinkta SPSS – 11.0 programinė įranga. Atsižvelgiant į tyrimo tikslą, hipotezę, uždavinius, atitinkamai taikyta deskriptyvinė - aprašomoji analizė. Apklausa dėl socialinių pedagogų funkcijų vaikų globos namuose atlikta 85 Lietuvos Respublikos vaikų globos namuose. Tyrime dalyvavo 66 socialiniai pedagogai. Empirinėje dalyje nagrinėjamos socialinių pedagogų, dirbančių vaikų globos namuose, pioritetinės funkcijos bei kiek laiko sugaišta joms įgyvendinti. Išskiriamos tik svarbios funkcijos. Išryškinama veiklos vaikų globos namuose specifika. Svarbiausios empirinio tyrimo išvados: 1. Dirbdami vaikų globos namuose, socialiniai pedagogai susiduria su globotiniais sunkiau gebančiais prisitaikyti prie pakitusių gyvenimo sąlygų, nes dauguma jų turi įvairių elgesio, emocijų ir kognityvinių problemų. Šios aplinkybės įtakoja socialinio pedagogo ir auklėtinio santykį, individualaus darbo su globotiniu specifiką: kreipiant dėmesį į asmeninių ir socialinių vertybių sistemų formavimą. 2... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The thesis provides the theoretical analysis of the conception of social educators’ work and functions implemented at child custody home. The hypothesis was brought forward assuming that, while implementing actual functions, social educators working at child custody home do not fulfil several fundamental functions, i.e. individual work with a foster-child and his/her preparation for social integration. The survey approach using questionnaires was applied for the study aimed at the investigation of specifics and priorities of social educators’ work. SPSS – 11.0 software was chosen for statistical processing of social data. Descriptive analysis was applied in accordance with the aim, hypothesis and goals of the study. The survey on social educators’ functions at child custody home was carried out at 85 child custody homes in the Republic of Lithuania. The sample included 66 social educators. Empiric part looks into primary functions of social educators working at child custody home and the period of time needed for their implementation. Exclusively significant functions and the specifics of activities at child custody home were distinguished. The most important conclusions of empiric study: 1. Social educators, while working at child custody home, are confronted with the foster-children having difficulties in their ability to conform to the altered conditions of living because the majority of them have various behavioural, emotional and... [to full text]

O estudo do desenvolvimento tanto do crescimento somático como da aptidão física ao longo da ontogênese dos indivíduos, principalmente durante o período da infância e adolescência, é de fundamental importância, pois oferece aos profissionais da área da saúde, do desenvolvimento motor e da Educação Física, instrumentos através dos quais possam fundamentar as suas ações. Para tanto, os objetivos gerais deste estudo são: (1) avaliar o dimorfismo sexual no intuito do entendimento da variabilidade interindividual tanto do crescimento somático como em componentes da aptidão física; (2) avaliar a existência de estabilidade tanto do crescimento somático como em componentes da aptidão física como forma de possibilitar a prognose de resultados a partir de um ou mais pontos conhecidos. O estudo é do tipo ex-post-facto, com técnica descritiva e comparativa, com análise de corte longitudinal. A amostra constou de 212 sujeitos, sendo 98 (46,2%) do sexo masculino e 114 (53,8%) do sexo feminino, divididos da seguinte forma: Coorte 1- sete a onze anos, Coorte 2- oito a doze anos, Coorte 3- nove a treze anos, Coorte 4 - dez a quatorze anos de idade. Para o crescimento somático, foram analisadas a estatura e a massa corporal. Os componentes da aptidão física analisados foram a força-resistência abdominal, flexibilidade, resistência geral e força explosiva de membros inferiores. Para a análise dos dados foi, realizado um estudo exploratório avaliando os pressupostos essenciais da análise paramétrica. A normalidade das distribuições foi testada pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilks, e a homogeneidade das variâncias com o teste de Levene. Na análise inferencial, quanto ao dimorfismo sexual foram utilizados: (a) Análise de Variância Univariada (ANOVA), para verificar as possíveis diferenças entre os sexos ao longo das idades; (b) Análise de Covariância (ANCOVA), para verificar a influência da estatura e massa corporal na aptidão física, em cada idade; (c) Análise para Medidas Repetidas, para verificar a influência do tempo no desenvolvimento do crescimento somático e dos componentes da aptidão física. Quanto à estabilidade, foi utilizada a auto-correlação (cálculo dos valores de correlação de Spearman entre idades). O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Para todas as análises estatísticas foi utilizado o programa estatístico SPSS for Windows 10.0. Como principais resultados, quanto ao dimorfismo sexual, não foi possível traçar um padrão de diferenciação entre os sexos em nenhuma das variáveis analisadas, tendo em vista a enorme complexidade com que se apresentaram as diferenças ao longo das quatro coortes. As covariáveis estatura e massa corporal não parecem exercer influência significativa na performance dos testes físicos analisados. O tempo exerce influência significativa na mudança das médias, ao longo das idades, nas quatro coortes, no crescimento somático (estatura e massa corporal) e nas variáveis de força (força-resistência abdominal e força explosiva de membros inferiores). Nas variáveis flexibilidade e resistência geral, em algumas coortes, não houve influência significativa do tempo. Quanto à estabilidade, com uma análise mais geral, podemos inferir que a estatura e a massa corporal apresentam estabilidade considerada alta. A força-resistência abdominal, a flexibilidade e a força explosiva de membros inferiores apresentam estabilidade entre moderada e alta. Enquanto que a resistência geral apresenta uma estabilidade considerada moderada. Entretanto, tendo em vista a forte complexidade dos resultados obtidos, ao longo das quatro coortes, esses devem receber certa parcimônia quanto a possíveis afirmações referentes à estabilidade, tanto do crescimento somático, como dos componentes da aptidão física analisados. / The somatic growth and physical fitness development study during the childhood and the adolescent is of fundamental importance, because offer to health’s, motor development’s, and physical education’s professionals instruments to establish their actions. The general objectives of this study are: (1) to evaluate the sexual dimorphism to understand interindividual variability so in the somatic growth so in the physical fitness components; (2) to evaluate the tracking so in the somatic growth so in the physical fitness components like a way to enable the prognosis of the results from one or more known points. The study is of the ex-post-facto type, with descriptive and comparative technique, with longitudinal analyzes. The sample was compound by 212 subjects (98 - 46,2% - masculine and 114 - 53,8% - feminine), divided of this way: Cohort 1 – seven to eleven years old, Cohort 2 – eight to twelve years old, Cohort – nine to thirteen years old, and Cohort 4 – ten to fourteen years old. To somatic growth was analyzed the stature and the body mass. The analyzed physical fitness components were force/endurance abdominal, flexibility, general endurance, and power of lower limbs. To dates analyze was made exploration study to evaluate the essentials presupposes of parametric analyze. The distributions’ normality was tested by Shapiro-Wilks’ test, and the variances’ homogenized with the Levene’s test. On the descriptive analyze was utilized the mean and the standard deviations. On the inferential analyze, to sexual dimorphism were utilized: (a) ANOVA to verify the possible differences between the sexes during the ages; (b) ANCOVA, to verify the influence of the stature and body mass in the physical fitness, in each age; (c) Repeated Measured Analyze to verify the time influence in the somatic growth and in the physical fitness components development. The tracking was calculated using the auto-correlation (calculation of the value of Spearman correlation between ages). The significance level was of 5%. All statistics analyzes were made at SPSS 10.0 statistic program for Windows. As main results, for sexual dimorphism, it was not possible to trace a difference standard between the sexes at any variables, because there was a great complexity on the way that the variables development themselves during the four years of the study. The covariates stature and body mass do not exert a significant influence on the physical fitness tests analyzed performance. The time exerts a significant influence in the change of the means during the years, on the four cohorts, on the somatic growth (statue and body mass) and on the force variables (force/endurance abdominal and power of lower limbs). On the flexibility and on the general endurance, at same studies, there was not a time significance influence. For the tracking, with a general analyze, we can infer that the stature and body mass present a high tracking. The force/endurance abdominal, flexibility, and power of lower limbs present a moderate to high tracking, while the general endurance presents a moderate tracking. However, because the great complexity of the results during the four years at the four cohorts, these results should receive same parsimony for affirmations about somatic growth’s and physical fitness components’ tracking.

O estudo do desenvolvimento tanto do crescimento somático como da aptidão física ao longo da ontogênese dos indivíduos, principalmente durante o período da infância e adolescência, é de fundamental importância, pois oferece aos profissionais da área da saúde, do desenvolvimento motor e da Educação Física, instrumentos através dos quais possam fundamentar as suas ações. Para tanto, os objetivos gerais deste estudo são: (1) avaliar o dimorfismo sexual no intuito do entendimento da variabilidade interindividual tanto do crescimento somático como em componentes da aptidão física; (2) avaliar a existência de estabilidade tanto do crescimento somático como em componentes da aptidão física como forma de possibilitar a prognose de resultados a partir de um ou mais pontos conhecidos. O estudo é do tipo ex-post-facto, com técnica descritiva e comparativa, com análise de corte longitudinal. A amostra constou de 212 sujeitos, sendo 98 (46,2%) do sexo masculino e 114 (53,8%) do sexo feminino, divididos da seguinte forma: Coorte 1- sete a onze anos, Coorte 2- oito a doze anos, Coorte 3- nove a treze anos, Coorte 4 - dez a quatorze anos de idade. Para o crescimento somático, foram analisadas a estatura e a massa corporal. Os componentes da aptidão física analisados foram a força-resistência abdominal, flexibilidade, resistência geral e força explosiva de membros inferiores. Para a análise dos dados foi, realizado um estudo exploratório avaliando os pressupostos essenciais da análise paramétrica. A normalidade das distribuições foi testada pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilks, e a homogeneidade das variâncias com o teste de Levene. Na análise inferencial, quanto ao dimorfismo sexual foram utilizados: (a) Análise de Variância Univariada (ANOVA), para verificar as possíveis diferenças entre os sexos ao longo das idades; (b) Análise de Covariância (ANCOVA), para verificar a influência da estatura e massa corporal na aptidão física, em cada idade; (c) Análise para Medidas Repetidas, para verificar a influência do tempo no desenvolvimento do crescimento somático e dos componentes da aptidão física. Quanto à estabilidade, foi utilizada a auto-correlação (cálculo dos valores de correlação de Spearman entre idades). O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Para todas as análises estatísticas foi utilizado o programa estatístico SPSS for Windows 10.0. Como principais resultados, quanto ao dimorfismo sexual, não foi possível traçar um padrão de diferenciação entre os sexos em nenhuma das variáveis analisadas, tendo em vista a enorme complexidade com que se apresentaram as diferenças ao longo das quatro coortes. As covariáveis estatura e massa corporal não parecem exercer influência significativa na performance dos testes físicos analisados. O tempo exerce influência significativa na mudança das médias, ao longo das idades, nas quatro coortes, no crescimento somático (estatura e massa corporal) e nas variáveis de força (força-resistência abdominal e força explosiva de membros inferiores). Nas variáveis flexibilidade e resistência geral, em algumas coortes, não houve influência significativa do tempo. Quanto à estabilidade, com uma análise mais geral, podemos inferir que a estatura e a massa corporal apresentam estabilidade considerada alta. A força-resistência abdominal, a flexibilidade e a força explosiva de membros inferiores apresentam estabilidade entre moderada e alta. Enquanto que a resistência geral apresenta uma estabilidade considerada moderada. Entretanto, tendo em vista a forte complexidade dos resultados obtidos, ao longo das quatro coortes, esses devem receber certa parcimônia quanto a possíveis afirmações referentes à estabilidade, tanto do crescimento somático, como dos componentes da aptidão física analisados. / The somatic growth and physical fitness development study during the childhood and the adolescent is of fundamental importance, because offer to health’s, motor development’s, and physical education’s professionals instruments to establish their actions. The general objectives of this study are: (1) to evaluate the sexual dimorphism to understand interindividual variability so in the somatic growth so in the physical fitness components; (2) to evaluate the tracking so in the somatic growth so in the physical fitness components like a way to enable the prognosis of the results from one or more known points. The study is of the ex-post-facto type, with descriptive and comparative technique, with longitudinal analyzes. The sample was compound by 212 subjects (98 - 46,2% - masculine and 114 - 53,8% - feminine), divided of this way: Cohort 1 – seven to eleven years old, Cohort 2 – eight to twelve years old, Cohort – nine to thirteen years old, and Cohort 4 – ten to fourteen years old. To somatic growth was analyzed the stature and the body mass. The analyzed physical fitness components were force/endurance abdominal, flexibility, general endurance, and power of lower limbs. To dates analyze was made exploration study to evaluate the essentials presupposes of parametric analyze. The distributions’ normality was tested by Shapiro-Wilks’ test, and the variances’ homogenized with the Levene’s test. On the descriptive analyze was utilized the mean and the standard deviations. On the inferential analyze, to sexual dimorphism were utilized: (a) ANOVA to verify the possible differences between the sexes during the ages; (b) ANCOVA, to verify the influence of the stature and body mass in the physical fitness, in each age; (c) Repeated Measured Analyze to verify the time influence in the somatic growth and in the physical fitness components development. The tracking was calculated using the auto-correlation (calculation of the value of Spearman correlation between ages). The significance level was of 5%. All statistics analyzes were made at SPSS 10.0 statistic program for Windows. As main results, for sexual dimorphism, it was not possible to trace a difference standard between the sexes at any variables, because there was a great complexity on the way that the variables development themselves during the four years of the study. The covariates stature and body mass do not exert a significant influence on the physical fitness tests analyzed performance. The time exerts a significant influence in the change of the means during the years, on the four cohorts, on the somatic growth (statue and body mass) and on the force variables (force/endurance abdominal and power of lower limbs). On the flexibility and on the general endurance, at same studies, there was not a time significance influence. For the tracking, with a general analyze, we can infer that the stature and body mass present a high tracking. The force/endurance abdominal, flexibility, and power of lower limbs present a moderate to high tracking, while the general endurance presents a moderate tracking. However, because the great complexity of the results during the four years at the four cohorts, these results should receive same parsimony for affirmations about somatic growth’s and physical fitness components’ tracking.

O estudo do desenvolvimento tanto do crescimento somático como da aptidão física ao longo da ontogênese dos indivíduos, principalmente durante o período da infância e adolescência, é de fundamental importância, pois oferece aos profissionais da área da saúde, do desenvolvimento motor e da Educação Física, instrumentos através dos quais possam fundamentar as suas ações. Para tanto, os objetivos gerais deste estudo são: (1) avaliar o dimorfismo sexual no intuito do entendimento da variabilidade interindividual tanto do crescimento somático como em componentes da aptidão física; (2) avaliar a existência de estabilidade tanto do crescimento somático como em componentes da aptidão física como forma de possibilitar a prognose de resultados a partir de um ou mais pontos conhecidos. O estudo é do tipo ex-post-facto, com técnica descritiva e comparativa, com análise de corte longitudinal. A amostra constou de 212 sujeitos, sendo 98 (46,2%) do sexo masculino e 114 (53,8%) do sexo feminino, divididos da seguinte forma: Coorte 1- sete a onze anos, Coorte 2- oito a doze anos, Coorte 3- nove a treze anos, Coorte 4 - dez a quatorze anos de idade. Para o crescimento somático, foram analisadas a estatura e a massa corporal. Os componentes da aptidão física analisados foram a força-resistência abdominal, flexibilidade, resistência geral e força explosiva de membros inferiores. Para a análise dos dados foi, realizado um estudo exploratório avaliando os pressupostos essenciais da análise paramétrica. A normalidade das distribuições foi testada pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilks, e a homogeneidade das variâncias com o teste de Levene. Na análise inferencial, quanto ao dimorfismo sexual foram utilizados: (a) Análise de Variância Univariada (ANOVA), para verificar as possíveis diferenças entre os sexos ao longo das idades; (b) Análise de Covariância (ANCOVA), para verificar a influência da estatura e massa corporal na aptidão física, em cada idade; (c) Análise para Medidas Repetidas, para verificar a influência do tempo no desenvolvimento do crescimento somático e dos componentes da aptidão física. Quanto à estabilidade, foi utilizada a auto-correlação (cálculo dos valores de correlação de Spearman entre idades). O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Para todas as análises estatísticas foi utilizado o programa estatístico SPSS for Windows 10.0. Como principais resultados, quanto ao dimorfismo sexual, não foi possível traçar um padrão de diferenciação entre os sexos em nenhuma das variáveis analisadas, tendo em vista a enorme complexidade com que se apresentaram as diferenças ao longo das quatro coortes. As covariáveis estatura e massa corporal não parecem exercer influência significativa na performance dos testes físicos analisados. O tempo exerce influência significativa na mudança das médias, ao longo das idades, nas quatro coortes, no crescimento somático (estatura e massa corporal) e nas variáveis de força (força-resistência abdominal e força explosiva de membros inferiores). Nas variáveis flexibilidade e resistência geral, em algumas coortes, não houve influência significativa do tempo. Quanto à estabilidade, com uma análise mais geral, podemos inferir que a estatura e a massa corporal apresentam estabilidade considerada alta. A força-resistência abdominal, a flexibilidade e a força explosiva de membros inferiores apresentam estabilidade entre moderada e alta. Enquanto que a resistência geral apresenta uma estabilidade considerada moderada. Entretanto, tendo em vista a forte complexidade dos resultados obtidos, ao longo das quatro coortes, esses devem receber certa parcimônia quanto a possíveis afirmações referentes à estabilidade, tanto do crescimento somático, como dos componentes da aptidão física analisados. / The somatic growth and physical fitness development study during the childhood and the adolescent is of fundamental importance, because offer to health’s, motor development’s, and physical education’s professionals instruments to establish their actions. The general objectives of this study are: (1) to evaluate the sexual dimorphism to understand interindividual variability so in the somatic growth so in the physical fitness components; (2) to evaluate the tracking so in the somatic growth so in the physical fitness components like a way to enable the prognosis of the results from one or more known points. The study is of the ex-post-facto type, with descriptive and comparative technique, with longitudinal analyzes. The sample was compound by 212 subjects (98 - 46,2% - masculine and 114 - 53,8% - feminine), divided of this way: Cohort 1 – seven to eleven years old, Cohort 2 – eight to twelve years old, Cohort – nine to thirteen years old, and Cohort 4 – ten to fourteen years old. To somatic growth was analyzed the stature and the body mass. The analyzed physical fitness components were force/endurance abdominal, flexibility, general endurance, and power of lower limbs. To dates analyze was made exploration study to evaluate the essentials presupposes of parametric analyze. The distributions’ normality was tested by Shapiro-Wilks’ test, and the variances’ homogenized with the Levene’s test. On the descriptive analyze was utilized the mean and the standard deviations. On the inferential analyze, to sexual dimorphism were utilized: (a) ANOVA to verify the possible differences between the sexes during the ages; (b) ANCOVA, to verify the influence of the stature and body mass in the physical fitness, in each age; (c) Repeated Measured Analyze to verify the time influence in the somatic growth and in the physical fitness components development. The tracking was calculated using the auto-correlation (calculation of the value of Spearman correlation between ages). The significance level was of 5%. All statistics analyzes were made at SPSS 10.0 statistic program for Windows. As main results, for sexual dimorphism, it was not possible to trace a difference standard between the sexes at any variables, because there was a great complexity on the way that the variables development themselves during the four years of the study. The covariates stature and body mass do not exert a significant influence on the physical fitness tests analyzed performance. The time exerts a significant influence in the change of the means during the years, on the four cohorts, on the somatic growth (statue and body mass) and on the force variables (force/endurance abdominal and power of lower limbs). On the flexibility and on the general endurance, at same studies, there was not a time significance influence. For the tracking, with a general analyze, we can infer that the stature and body mass present a high tracking. The force/endurance abdominal, flexibility, and power of lower limbs present a moderate to high tracking, while the general endurance presents a moderate tracking. However, because the great complexity of the results during the four years at the four cohorts, these results should receive same parsimony for affirmations about somatic growth’s and physical fitness components’ tracking.

Inledning Den teoretiska utgångspunkten i studien är Bowlbys anknytningsteori som visar tillsammans med aktuell forskning att barn som har en trygg anknytning utvecklas bättre kognitivt och känslomässigt. För att kunna skapa en trygg anknytning krävs det förskollärare med kunskap kring ämnet för att veta vilka förutsättningar som krävs för att kunna skapa en trygg anknytning. Syfte Syftet med studien är att beskriva förskollärares uppfattningar om barns anknytning till personalen i förskolan. Frågeställningar • Hur beskriver förskollärarna att de arbetar med barns anknytning i förskolan? • Vilka förutsättningar enligt förskollärarna krävs för att barn ska skapa en trygg anknytning inom förskolan? • Kan barnens anknytning till förskollärarna påverka dem under deras förskoletid? I så fall på vilket sätt anser förskollärarna att anknytningen kan påverkar barnen? Metod I studien har kvalitativ metod använts med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Fem förskollärare som har både längre och kortare erfarenheter av arbete i förskolan. Resultat Flera av förskollärarna nämner att de arbetar aktivt med anknytning vid inskolning. Dock är det endast några som nämner hur de arbetar med anknytning efter inskolningsperioden. Förskollärarna beskriver några viktiga förutsättningar för att kunna hjälpa barn skapa en trygg anknytning i förskolans verksamhet. Förutsättningarna är utbildning, förskolemiljö och verksamhetens innehåll. Andra uppfattningar som förskollärarna benämner vid arbetet med anknytning är hur förhållningssättet till föräldrarna och bekräftelser av känslor kan påverka barnens anknytning och flera av förskollärarna nämner hur deras tillvägagångsätt vid inskolning kan påverka barnens anknytning.

This thesis has studied how the decision of the Church of Sweden to introduce Child Impact Assessments has changed the way children and adolescents are mentioned in Pastoral instructions. Using quantitative and qualitative content analysis and the theory of implementation, it has studied how often children and adolescents are mentioned and how the rights of the child are concretized in the latest versions of the Pastoral instructions in the 13 Cathedral Parishes. Central to this study are the three foundational perspectives on the rights of the child: a Child’s-rights perspective, a Children’s perspective, and A Child’s perspective.   The thesis concludes that while the overall frequency of references to children and adolescents in the Pastoral instructions has doubled since the introduction of Child Impact Assessments, the parishes have not satisfactorily considered the rights of the child, since only a few instructions have made use of the three perspectives. The thesis argues that, in order for the parishes to fully implement the Church’s decision, and to better consider the rights of the child in their future work, there is a need for educative efforts towards staff in the parishes.

La Convention Internationale relative aux Droits de l’Enfant, ratifiée par la plupart des pays du monde, dont la Libye en 1991, a construit l’enfant en sujet de droit tant au niveauinternational qu’au niveau national. Cette convention constitue un système des droits del’homme consacré à l’enfant qui donc devient titulaire dès sa naissance. Elle présente aussil’ensemble des droits civils, politiques, culturels, sociaux et économiques de tous lesenfants. Plusieurs restrictions font obstacle face à la mise en oeuvre de ces droits.L’immaturité de l’enfant ne lui permet pas à d’en disposer avant qu’il reçoive laprotection nécessaire et l’éducation, conditions indispensables quant à l’usage à venir deses droits.Les mécanismes internationaux ne sont pas assez efficaces. Les travaux de contrôle duCDE ainsi que l’UNICEF sont trop souvent insuffisants, leur amélioration restant un défi àrelever pour une application plus concrète et réelle des principes engendrés par la CIDE.Aussi, au niveau étatique, on constate une disparité entre les engagements et la pratiquesur le terrain. Cette contradiction pose des difficultés rencontrées dans la réalisationpratique des dispositions de cette convention et qui doivent trouver leur solution dans unecoopération internationale effective.La mise en oeuvre de la CIDE dans l’ordre juridique libyen pose encore desinconvénients. Les restrictions socioculturelles conduisent à de multiples conflits entre lesnormes internationales et celle du droit musulman. Malgré des actions pour améliorer lasituation il en reste de trop nombreuses à réaliser afin que les enfants de notre payspuissent être considérés avec égalité et comme ceux des autres pays. / The International Convention on the Child’s Rights, ratified by almost all the countriesin the world, including Libya in 1991, has established the children’s legal rights as subjectof law, both at the national and international levels.This convention built up a system of human rights devoted to the child where hebecame a rightsholder from his birth. It also provided him with the full array of civil,political, cultural, social and economic rights of all children. The implementation of theserights is met with several limitations and obstacles.The immaturity of the child does not permit him to dispose of them before he receivesthe necessary protection and education, all this being prerequisites for the future use of hisrights. International mechanisms are not effective enough. The control functions of theCRC and UNICEF are too often inadequate and their improvement is a challenge for amore concrete and real principle generated by the CRC.Besides, at a state level one can notice a discrepancy between commitments and whatreally happens on the field. This contradiction raises difficulties for the practical realizationof the measures of this Convention, which must find their solution in effective internationalcooperation.The implementation of the CRC in Libya’s legal system has still some drawbacks. Thesocio-Cultural restrictions lead to several conflicts between international standards and theIslamic Law. Although some measures were taken to improve the situation, too manydifficulties remain that prevent the children from our country from being treated with thesame fairness and equality as those from other countries.