Submitted by Aline Biondo Alcantara (aline.bap@hotmail.com) on 2018-04-21T17:59:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Aline Biondo Alcantara Dissetacao Mestrado Academico em Enfermagem.pdf: 2147104 bytes, checksum: 686d09b8321b94a2b4462a89e14e40fc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO null (rosangelalobo@btu.unesp.br) on 2018-04-23T17:45:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 alcantara_ab_me_bot.pdf: 2147104 bytes, checksum: 686d09b8321b94a2b4462a89e14e40fc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-23T17:45:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 alcantara_ab_me_bot.pdf: 2147104 bytes, checksum: 686d09b8321b94a2b4462a89e14e40fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 / Introdução: o presente estudo apresenta como tema a Promoção da Saúde da Criança, recortando como objeto a inserção de suas premissas nos cuidados realizados por enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Objetivo: analisar as concepções e experiências de enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família, no que se refere à incorporação das premissas da Promoção da Saúde nos cuidados realizados com crianças e suas famílias. Aspectos metodológicos: pesquisa de abordagem mista, composta por duas etapas. Na primeira, foi realizado estudo qualitativo sobre o objeto em estudo na perspectiva dos enfermeiros da Estratégia da Saúde da Família de um município do interior paulista, com coleta e sistematização dos dados feita por entrevistas semiestruturadas gravadas e por técnicas de análise de conteúdo temática, respectivamente. Na segunda, realizou-se estudo quantitativo transversal e descritivo sobre 626 atendimentos clínicos realizados por enfermeiros a 222 crianças, as quais compuseram amostra probabilística e estratificada calculada a partir do universo de crianças nascidas entre 28 de fevereiro de 2015 a 27 de fevereiro de 2017, que foram atendidas em seus dois primeiros anos de vida nas referidas unidades. Os dados foram coletados dos prontuários das crianças e de suas mães, com enfoque nos tipos de atendimento a elas realizados, nos motivos/queixas, avaliações clínicas e nas propostas de cuidados elaboradas. Foi realizada análise descritiva das variáveis estudadas utilizando o Programa SAS System versão 9.3. A discussão dos resultados obtidos, em ambas as etapas, baseou-se nas premissas da Promoção da Saúde da Criança. O projeto desta pesquisa foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa local (Parecer nº 1.851.368). Resultados: o grupo dos 11 enfermeiros se caracterizou pela maior parte ser do sexo feminino, estar na faixa etária entre 30 a 50 anos, ter oito a 26 anos de graduação e de um a 15 anos de atuação na Estratégia Saúde da Família. De modo ampliado, os participantes relacionaram a Promoção da Saúde da Criança a ações integrais e intersetoriais, que valorizam a Educação em Saúde, comprometimento e vínculo próximo das equipes com as famílias, para capacitá-las a modificar os determinantes do processo saúde-doença de seus filhos, visando sua melhor qualidade de vida e saúde. As dificuldades associadas às referidas ações foram: baixa participação familiar nas atividades programadas, preferência pelo atendimento médico, condições familiares e sociais adversas, carência de recursos de educação permanente na temática. As crianças se caracterizaram por apresentarem situações favoráveis quanto aos aspectos sociodemográficos, condições obstétricas e de nascimento, com parcelas menores daquelas que apresentaram riscos e vulnerabilidades ao nascer. Dos 626 atendimentos clínicos estudados, 548 (87,6%) ocorreram no primeiro semestre de vida, com 407 (65%) do tipo consulta agendada de rotina e 11 (1,8%) visitas domiciliares. Quanto às queixas/motivos, destacaram-se os sinais, sintomas e outros parâmetros clínicos alterados, com 425 (93,4%) registros, relativos principalmente ao sistema respiratório e ao tegumentar, que somaram 200 (43,7%) dos registros; evidenciando-se a febre como o sinal isolado registrado em 95 (20,9%). Em relação às áreas diagnósticas, sobressaiu-se a de Agravos Físicos com 445 (46,3%) avaliações, seguida pela de Alimentação/Hidratação com 206 (21,4%) avaliações e a do Crescimento e a do Desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor, que juntas somaram 197 (20,5%) das avaliações. Sobre as áreas de intervenção, a maior parte se configurou em Orientação 1200 (55,6%), especialmente sobre Higiene corporal/Higiene bucal com 392 (18,2%) e Alimentação/Hidratação com 288 (13,3%) registros, seguidas pelas condutas de Encaminhamento, Agendamento, Solicitação de exames de rotina, com 905 (41,9%) das propostas de cuidados. Considerando as Necessidades Essenciais da Infância, os resultados anteriores sustentam a ideia de que a mais explorada foi a Necessidade de Proteção Física, Segurança e Regulamentação. Considerações finais: as concepções apreendidas revelaram-se próximas às premissas científicas e políticas atuais sobre Promoção de Saúde da Criança. Por outro lado, as experiências relatadas apresentaram-se permeadas pelo enfrentamento de dificuldades e vulnerabilidades inerentes às crianças, aos seus contextos de vida e ao próprio serviço de saúde. Dentre os cuidados de enfermagem realizados na Estratégia Saúde da Família, verificou-se que nos atendimentos clínicos pediátricos, independentemente do tipo, são desenvolvidas ações de Promoção da Saúde. Entretanto, esses atendimentos ainda são fortemente influenciados pelo modelo biomédico, centrado em doenças e agravos à saúde, refletindo no predomínio de registros nas áreas de avaliações diagnósticas e de intervenção voltadas aos agravos físicos, não contemplando várias necessidades tidas como essenciais da infância. Considera-se que o estudo apresenta subsídios para a reorganização das ações de Promoção da Saúde da Criança, evidenciando potencialidades/desafios a serem considerados/superados pelos enfermeiros no contexto estudado e em outros relacionados. / Introduction: the present study has as its theme the Child’s Health Promotion, outlining as object the insertion of its premises in cares carried out by Family Health Strategy nurses. Objective: analyze Family Health Strategy nurses’ conceptions and experiences concerning to Health Promotion premises incorporation in cares carried out with children and their families. Methodological aspects: mixed approach research, composed of two stages. In the first, it was carried out a qualitative study about the object of attention from the perspectives of Family Health Strategy nurses from an inland São Paulo city, with data collection and systematization made by recorded semi structured interviews and techniques of thematic content analysis, respectively. In the second, there was carried out a quantitative transversal and descriptive study about 62 clinical cares made by nurses to 222 children who composed probabilistic and stratified sample calculated from the universe of children who were born between February 28th, 2015 and February 27th , 2017, who were treated during their first two years of life in the cited health centers. Data was collected from children’s and their mothers’ medical records, focusing on the kinds of cares offered to them, on their reasons/complains, clinical evaluation and on their elaborated cares purposes. It was carried out a descriptive analysis of the studied variables using SAS System Program version 9.3. The discussion about the obtained results, in both stages, was based on Child’s Health Promotion premises. This research project was approved by Ethical Committee in local Research (Opinion nº 1.851.368). Results: the group composed by 11 nurses was characterized as being mostly females, between 30 and 50 years old, eight to 26 years of under graduation and one to fifteen years of Family Health Strategy performance. Broadly, participants related Child’s Health Promotion to integral and intersectional actions which value Health Education, commitment and close bonds from teams towards families in order to enable them to modify determinants of their children’s healthillness process, aiming at their better quality of life and health. Difficulties associated with their stated actions were: poor family participation in programmed activities, medical care preference by this population, adverse family and social conditions, lack of material and organizational resources and permanent education on the subject. The children’s sample was characterized by presenting favorable situations regarding to the social demographic aspects, obstetrical and birth conditions, with smaller sectors of those who presented vulnerabilities as life threatening at birth. The analysis of 626 studied clinical cares revealed a higher frequency of these in the first semester of life 548 (87, 6%), with 407 (65%) routine scheduled visits, being only 11 (1,8%) home visits. As for the complaints/reasons related to these visits, signals, symptoms and other altered clinical parameters were highlighted, with 425 (93,4%) recorded, related mainly to tegumentary and respiratory systems, which summed together 200 (43,7%) of records, evidencing fever as an isolated signal recorded in 95 (20,9%). Relating to the diagnosed areas it was highlighted the Physical Injury one with 445 (46,3%) evaluations, followed by the Feeding/Hydration with 206 (21, 4%) evaluations and neuropsychomotor Growth and Development, which summed together 197 (20,5%) evaluations. Concerning to intervention areas most part of them was related to Orientation 1200 (55,6%), especially about Body Hygiene/Oral Hygiene with 392 (18,2%) records and Feeding/Hydration with 288 (13,3%) records, followed to Referral, Scheduling and Request for routine exams with 905 (41, 9%) of the care proposes. Considering essential childhood needs, the former results support the idea that the most explored one was the Physical Protection, Safety and Regulation Need. Final Considerations: the grasped conceptionswererevealed close to scientific premises and current policies about Child’s Health Promotion. On the other hand, reported experiences were presented permeated with coping difficulties and vulnerabilities inherent in children, in their lives contexts and in health service itself. Among cares carried out in Family Health Strategy it was verified that on pediatric clinical cares, irrespective of the kind, Health Promotion actions are developed. However, these cares are still strongly influenced by biomedical model, centered on illnesses and health problems which reflect on predominance of records in diagnoses evaluation’s areas and interventions based on physical injuries, not contemplating several necessities which are treated as essential during childhood. It is considered that the study presents subsidies to reorganization of Child’s Health Promotion actions putting in evidence potentialities/challenges to be considered/overcome by nurses in the studied context and others related to it.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-03-18T13:17:05Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação_Versão_Final_PDF.pdf: 4361098 bytes, checksum: 309e6a4884448fd382fe08788b9fd07e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-18T13:17:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação_Versão_Final_PDF.pdf: 4361098 bytes, checksum: 309e6a4884448fd382fe08788b9fd07e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-26 / FACEPE / Sob o olhar sociointeracionista e com o apoio da perspectiva da Rede de Significações, a criança é compreendida como ativa construtora de seu desenvolvimento, sendo instada a interpretar seu entorno, criando uma versão sobre objetos e acontecimentos sociais que lhe afetam. A família é um objeto social relevante para a criança uma vez que se constitui como seu primeiro e mais próximo contexto de desenvolvimento. Este objeto é constantemente transformado por mudanças socioculturais e por rupturas de desenlaces que implicam novas configurações familiares. Como qualquer outro membro familiar a criança elabora novos sentidos frente às diferentes realidades. A presente investigação objetivou perscrutar significações sobre família em crianças de 5 a 11 anos, entre estas, crianças cujos pais estão em litígio na justiça por disputa de guarda ou regulamentação de visitas, no Tribunal de Justiça de Pernambuco (TJ-PE). Participaram da pesquisa 41 crianças, sendo 25 meninos e 16 meninas. Do total de participantes, oito foram crianças indicadas pelo Tribunal de Justiça, com a aquiescência da família, para constituírem as crianças focais deste estudo. As demais crianças foram convidadas a compor a situação coletiva de observação, usando-se o critério de pertencerem ao ciclo de amizade escolar das primeiras, a partir da indicação das professoras. Portanto, para cada criança focal existiram três, quatro ou cinco parceiros privilegiados, que compuseram as oito oficinas de brincadeiras para planejarem encenações teatrais sobre família. Em seguida, cada criança, individualmente, foi instada pela pesquisadora a conversar sobre família a partir de dois desenhos que lhe eram solicitados: o primeiro sobre “uma família”; e o segundo sobre “sua família”. Os resultados obtidos com as duas situações, a coletiva e a individual, mostram que as crianças consideram pertinentes à família diversos arranjos, como, por exemplo, famílias nucleares, monoparentais, recasadas ou extensas. Evidencia-se também que as relações familiares são predominantemente manifestações de cuidado, proteção e vinculação afetiva. Quanto à vivência de conflitos conjugais na família, das oito crianças focais quatro expressaram sentimentos de descontentamento ou revelaram indícios desse sentimento. Entretanto, ressalta-se que, mesmo diante das dificuldades decorrentes do conflito, no percurso cotidiano, essas crianças constroem novos sentidos de família, mas preservam seu papel primordial de cuidado, afeto e lugar de pertencimento. / Under the sociointeractionist perspective and with the support of the Network of Meanings perspective, the child is perceived as active constructor of their development, being asked to interpret their surroundings, creating a version of objects and social events affecting them. The family is an important social object to the child as it is their first and closest development context. This object is constantly transformed by sociocultural changes and disruptions of outcomes involving new family configurations. Like any other family member, the child develops new senses when facing different realities. This research aimed to scrutinize meanings of family in children 5-11 years. Among these are children whose parents are in court dispute for custody or regulation of visits, at the Tribunal de Justiça de Pernambuco (TJ-PE). The participants were 41 children, 25 boys and 16 girls. Of all participants, eight were children indicated by the Court, with the family's consent, to constitute the focal children in this study. The other children were invited to compose the collective situation of observation, using the criteria of belonging to the same school of the focal children, from the indication of the teachers. Therefore, for each focal child there were three, four or five close partners, who composed the eight workshops of games to plan theatrical productions about family. Then each individual was asked by the researcher to talk about family from two designs that it demanded: the first about "a family"; and the second on "your family". The results obtained with the two situations, the collective and the individual, show that children consider several modalities relevant to the family, such as nuclear families, single-parent, remarried or extensive families. It also shows that family relationships are predominantly care demonstration, protection and affectionate bonds. As for the experience of marital conflict in the family, among the eight focal children, four expressed feelings of dissatisfaction or showed evidence of that feeling. However, it is important to state that even with the difficulties arising from the conflict in daily life, these children make new meanings about family that preserve the primary role of care, affection and place of belonging.

En hög andel repetitioner är ett av de utmärkande dragen i barnriktat tal. Tidigare forskning har visat att andelen repetitioner i barnriktat tal varierar beroende på barnets ålder. Dessutom tyder forskningen på att repetitioner i barnriktat tal kan vara främjande för språkutvecklingen. Syftet med studien var att undersöka eventuella variationer över tid i andelen repetitioner i barnriktat tal under det första levnadsåret, samt försöka hitta ett samband mellan detta och barnens språkliga utveckling. Repetitionerna i föräldrarnas tal hos tio förälder-barn-dyader då barnet var 3, 6, 9 och 12 månader undersöktes kvantitativt. Exakta och varierade självrepetitioner samt exakta och varierade repetitioner av barnens yttranden undersöktes och jämfördes med samma barns språkliga nivå vid 18 månader. Resultatet visade att andelen exakta självrepetitioner var cirka en tredjedel lägre vid 12 månaders ålder än vid de tre tidigare inspelningstillfällena. Den totala andelen repetitioner av barnens yttranden mer än fyrdubblades från 3 till 12 månader. Ett samband kunde påvisas mellan repetitionerna under det första levnadsåret och barnens språkutveckling, där en låg andel exakta självrepetitioner vid 6 till 9 månader korrelerade med en hög språklig nivå vid 18 månader. Som en tolkning av resultatet föreslogs kopplingar mellan barnens aktiva språkbruk och repetitionerna i föräldrarnas tal. / A high proportion of repetitions is one of the distinctive features of child-directed speech (CDS). Research has shown that the percentage of repetitions in CDS varies over time depending on the age of the child. In addition, it is suggested that repetitions in CDS correlate with child language development. The aim of the study was to investigate the possible variations over time in the percentage of repetitions in CDS during the child’s first year, and to try to find a connection between repetitions and the child’s language development. Repetitions in parent speech in ten parent-child dyads as the children were 3, 6, 9 and 12 months old were investigated quantitatively. Exact and varying self-repetitions and exact and varying repetitions of the child’s utterances were investigated and compared to the same children’s linguistic level at 18 months of age. The results showed that the percentage of exact self-repetitions was more than 30 percent lower at the age of 12 months than at 3, 6 and 9 months of age. The total percentage of repetitions of the child’s utterances increased more than four times from 3 to 12 months of age. A connection was found between the repetitions during the child’s first year and the child’s language development, indicating that a low percentage of exact self-repetitions at 6 to 9 months of age correlated with a high vocabulary at 18 months of age. A link between the expressive language of the child and the repetitions in parents’ speech was suggested. / MINT: Modelling infant language acquisition from parent-child interaction (MAW 2011.007)

Previous research show that there is a knowledge cap in investigations on how social workers are supposed to interpret the nursing needs for children, in which the parent who has custody of the child is responsible for. The same knowledge cap is shown in how ”child's best” is supposed to be interpreted by social workers and be a red thread in the investigations. Which also leads to help interventions being given to children when the parent does not fulfill the nursing needs of the child, which is always not clear. Therefore the purpose of the study was to understand how social services interpret the nursing needs and shed light on how social workers interpret the ”child’s best” and how they work with children when the parents do not fulfill the nursing needs. Therefore in this study 8 interviews have been executed with social workers from different county’s around Sweden. The result shows that the interpretation of nursing needs for children is interpreted by the working model BBIC and that children should feel safe and not be at risk of getting hurt. The ”child’s best” means from the perspective of social workers shows that what is best for the child is to stay with the biological parents and that they are stable and emotionally available. The social workers work with children through family therapy, since focus is on helping the whole family. Help interventions are rarely only given to children alone, unless the child is over 15 years of age.

För att värna om och stärka barns straffrättsliga skydd infördes lagen om barnfridsbrott den 1 juli 2021. Lagstiftningen ämnar att betona barns särskilda utsatthet i samband med bevittnande av våld mellan två omsorgspersoner. Syftet med den aktuella studien är att undersöka hur lagstiftningen fungerar bland praktiker inom Polismyndigheten och socialtjänsten i Malmö stad, detta genom att undersöka deras upplevda förutsättningar och potentiella hinder vad avser möjligheterna att utreda barnfridsbrott. Datainsamlingen består av sju kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med yrkesverksamma tjänstemän inom de två berörda myndigheterna. Genom en tematisk innehållsanalys identifierades fyra huvudteman. Studiens resultat indikerar att det skett en omfattande kunskapsutveckling på området våld i nära relation och att lagstiftningen upplevs tillvarata barnets rättigheter genom de ökade möjligheterna att höra barn utan vårdnadshavares tillstånd. Respondenterna redogör för utmaningar såsom tidsfristen och den ökade mängden barnförhör. De ger även uttryck för att socioekonomiska faktorer spelar en avgörande roll gällande våld i nära relation. Därtill betonar dessa vikten av ett välfungerande brottsförebyggande arbete som tar avstamp i en effektiv samverkan. Avslutningsvis framhålls vikten av att genomföra fler utvärderingar av lagstiftningens praktiska tillämpning. / In order to safeguard and strengthen children's criminal law protection, the violation of a child’s integrity became Swedish law on the first of July 2021. The legislation intends to emphasize children's vulnerability in regard to witnessing violence between two caregivers. The purpose of the current study is to investigate how practitioners within the Police Authority and the social services in the city of Malmö experience the function of the legislation. This is done by examining their working prerequisites and potential difficulties regarding the possibilities of investigating cases of violation of a child’s integrity. The data collection consists of seven qualitative semi-structured interviews with professionals within the two agencies. Through a thematic content analysis, four main themes were identified. Results indicate that there has been an extensive development of knowledge in the field of intimate partner violence and that the legislation is perceived to safeguard children's rights through the increased ability to interrogate children without caregivers' consent. The respondents describe challenges such as the time limit and the increased number of interrogations. In addition, they express that socio-economic factors play a decisive role regarding intimate partner violence. They also emphasize the importance of a well- functioning crime prevention that is based on cooperation between agencies. Finally, it is regarded as important to conduct further evaluations of the legislations' practical implementation.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur barnets bästa konstrueras i vårdnadsutredningar där en förälder utövat våld eller uttryckt hot om våld mot någon i familjen. Fokus i studien var vilken betydelse barnets röst ges i bedömningen av barnets bästa. Studiens empiri bestod av tio vårdnadsutredningar som ingått som underlag i tingsrättsdomar under andra hälften av år 2020. Studien utgick från en kritisk diskursanalytisk ansats tillsammans med en förståelse av barn från det barndomssociologiska perspektivet. Analysen av empirin gjordes med Faircloughs tredimensionella modell och ett urval av analysverktyg från den modellen samt utifrån det barndomssociologiska perspektivet. Studien visar att det inte är entydigt hur barnets röst kommer fram i bedömningen av barnets bästa i utredningarna. Barnet tilldelas två positioner i empirin, vilka benämns barnet som subjekt och barnet som objekt. Ofta avgör barnets ålder och mognad om barnet blir subjekt eller objekt. Det framkommer också att ibland skrivs barnets berättelser om våldshändelser om till mildare formuleringar i slutbedömningen. / The aim of this study was to examine how the best interests of the child are constructed in custody investigations where a parent has used violence or expressed threats of violence against someone in the family. The focus of the study was what significance the child’s voice was given in the assessment of the child’s best interests. The study’s empirical data consisted of ten custody investigations that were included as a basis in district court judgements during the second half of 2020. The study was based on a critical discourse analytical approach together with an understanding of children from the childhood sociological perspective. The analysis of empirical data was done using Fairclough's three-dimensional model and a selection of analytical tools from that model as well as from the childhood sociological perspective. The study shows that it is not clear how the child's voice emerges in the assessment of the child's best interests in the investigations. The child is assigned two positions in the empirical data, which are referred to as the child as a subject and the child as an object. Often, the age and maturity of the child determine whether the child becomes a subject or an object. It also emerges that sometimes the child's stories of violent events are rewritten into milder wording in the final assessment.

Barn i familjehemsvård har rätt till stabil vård. Trots detta blir familjehemsvården inte alltid kontinuerlig och resulterar i sammanbrott, vilket försätter barnet i en ännu mer utsatt situation. Uppsatsen syftade till att undersöka barnsekreterares erfarenheter och upplevelser av barnperspektivet och barnets perspektiv vid sammanbrott i familjehemsvård. Sex barnsekreterare intervjuades utifrån en kvalitativ intervjuguide med vinjetter som komplement. Resultatet analyserades utifrån de teoretiska perspektiven barndomssociologi och utvecklingsekologi. Resultatet kan sammanfattas med att barnperspektivet och barnets perspektiv säkerställdes genom att barn får vara delaktiga och göra sin röst hörd med stöd av de metoder som används i socialtjänstens generella arbete med barn. En möjlighet var att barn gavs utrymme att påverka det dem kunde. En begränsning som framkom var vuxenperspektivets företräde. / Children in foster care have the right to stable care. Despite this, care does not always become continuous and results in placement breakdown, putting the child in an even more vulnerable situation. The aim of this study was to examine child welfare social workers' experiences and perceptions of the child perspective and the child's perspective in the event of a breakdown in foster care. Six child welfare social workers' were interviewed based on a qualitative interview guide with complementary vignettes. The result were analysed based on the theories of childhood sociology and developmental ecology. The result can be summarised in that a child perspective and the child's perspective were ensured by children being allowed to participate and make their voices heard with the support of the methods used in the social services general work with children. An opportunity was that children were given space to influence what they could. One limitation that emerged was the preference of the adult perspective.

Syftet med studien var att utifrån ett omsorgs- och delaktighetsperspektiv analysera bedömningen av barnets bästa i umgängesfrågor, i de fall där en förälder utövat våld mot den andra föräldern. För att besvara vårt syfte har vi använt oss av tre frågeställningar; Vad innebär barnets bästa för de yrkesverksamma som kommer i kontakt med barn som bevittnat våld? Vad innebär bevittnat våld för de yrkesverksamma och hur beaktas detta av de som arbetar med barnen? Hur mycket inflytande anser de yrkesverksamma att barnet ska ges vid processer som rör dem? För att samla in material utfördes sju intervjuer med yrkesverksamma som genom sitt arbete träffar barn som bevittnat våld, samt är mer eller mindre i direkt kontakt med beslut gällande umgänge mellan barn och en våldsutövande förälder. Materialet har sedan analyserats utifrån rådande lagstiftning, tidigare forskning, samt barndomssociologin och delaktighetsstegen. Vi kom i vår studie fram till att de yrkesverksamma fann att barnets bästa var att ha kontakt med båda sina föräldrar. De hade en vid uppfattning om vad begreppet bevittnat våld innefattade, dock togs detta inte till stor hänsyn i det praktiska arbetet. Från vårt resultat gick att urskilja att det är olika faktorer som spelar in i hur mycket ett barn delaktiggörs. / The purpose of the study was that from a caring and participation perspective to analyze the assessment of the best interests of the child regarding visitation matters, in cases where a parent used violence against the other parent. The purpose is broken down into three main questions; What does the best interests of the child mean to the professionals who gets in contact with children who have witnessed violence? What does witnessing violence mean to the professionals and how is this taken into account by those who work with children? How much influence considers the professionals that the child should be given in the processes that affect them? In order to answer our purpose we performed seven interviews with professionals who, through their work meet children who have witnessed violence, and are more or less in direct contact with the decision regarding visitation between children and a violent parent. The material was then analyzed based on current laws, earlier research, as well as childhood sociology and ladder of participation.Our result showed that the professionals found that the child’s best interest was to have contact with both parents. They had a broad idea of what the concept witnessed violence included, but this were not considered in the practical work. Our results also showed that there are different factors that play into how much the child was involved.

Esmeralda, som även kom att kallas ”lilla hjärtat”, påträffades avliden hos sina biologiskaföräldrar kort efter att vården av henne enligt LVU upphörde. Som ett resultat av Esmeraldastragiska öde presenterades reformen lex lilla hjärtat, vilken resulterade i flertal lagändringarsom trädde i kraft den 1 juli 2022. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka om och i sådant fall ivilken utsträckning lex lilla hjärtat har fått betydelse för rättstillämpningen. Studien hargenomförts med hjälp av en kvalitativ forskningsmetod och med dokument i form av domarsom behandlar upphörandet av vård av unga enligt LVU 2 § som datainsamlingsmetod.Domarna valdes ut genom ett målstyrt urval och bearbetades genom en tematisk analys. Deteoretiska utgångspunkter som använts i studien är rättssociologi, socialkonstruktivism ochbarndomssociologi. Resultatet från studien visar att lex lilla hjärtat har fått betydelse förrättstillämpningen, dock inte i tillräcklig utsträckning med hänsyn till förväntade effekter.Inledningsvis har det konstaterats att lex lilla hjärtat har medfört aktualiserade krav vidupphörande av vård enligt LVU 2 §. Fortsättningsvis har barnrätten fått en förstärkningmedan beaktandet av föräldrarnas intresse snarare har försvagats. Däremot visar studien attdet fortsatt föreligger brister i hänsynstagandet som görs till principen om barnets bästa samtbarnets perspektiv. / Esmeralda, also called “lilla hjärtat” was found dead at her biological parents house shortlyafter the care of her under the Care of Young Persons Act, ended. As a result of Esmeralda'stragic fate the reform “lex lilla hjärtat” was presented. This led to several changes in the lawthat came into effect on July 1 2022. The purpose of this study is to examine whether and towhat extent “lex lilla hjärtat” has had an impact on the application of law. This study hasbeen based on a qualitative method with documents consisting of verdicts that process thetermination of the care of young persons act, as the data collection method. The verdicts wereselected through a purposive selection and processed with a thematic analysis. The theoreticalperspective that has been used in this study is sociology of laws, social constructivism andchildhood sociology. The result of the study show that “lex lilla hjärtat” has had an impact onthe application of law, although not the expected level of impact. First of all, “lex lillahjärtat” has resulted in higher requirements regarding the termination of the care of youngpersons act. Furthermore the children's rights have been strengthened while the parents'interests have gotten a weakened position. However, this study shows that there is still a lackof consideration to the principle of the best interest of the child and the child's perspective.

This essay delves into the question of whether the desire to understand children in their thought process can lead adults into interpret children ́s thoughts through their own worldview. It explores the idea whether it is futile to believe in the possibility of fully understanding and if we could benefit by surrender that notion.  Inspired by Camus ́essay The myth of Sisyfos and Nagel ́s exploration of the subjective nature of experience in What is it like to be a bat? this essay grapples with the concept of absurdity and the question if Camus and Nagels ideas of absurdity can be helpful for adults in their challenge to grasp a child ́s perspective. Through an exploration of absurdity and a critical examination of adult’s belief in their ability to understand children, specifically concept such as child’s perspective in childhood sociology, this essay aims to shed light on the complex relationship between children and, adults emphasizing the importance of humility and recognizing the inherent limitations of whether a human being fully can understand another human being regardless age. Furthermore, the children ́s book Gropen is used to make visible the ideas about how the realities of children and adults are expressed.