About 14 percent of children and young people witness relational violence of various kinds between close relatives. Violence in intimate relationships affects children's mental and physical health as well as social relationships. When and how their need for help is met is important for their vulnerability and ability to recover. Unlike violence by unknown perpetrators that occurs in the public space, intimate partner violence is most often perpetrated in the home, which should be a protected place, by a person who should be one of the victim's most secure relationships. The purpose of this study was to compile existing research on how witnessing violence in close relationships affects children's health, education and future career life, and to identify health-promoting factors that can contribute to benefiting the health of children exposed to partner-related violence in the home. The results showed that children who witness intimate partner violence (IPV) suffer short- and long-term consequences in the form of physical and mental health problems as well as challenges in their social relationships, academic performance and future career possibiliti

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Syftet med studien är att bidra med kunskap om hur lärare i fritidshem ser på anmäl­ningsplikten och hur de hanterar information när de misstänker att en elev är i en utsatta situation. Resultaten visar vad som lärarnas i fritidshem roller och ansvar är och vad som ligger till grund för att lärarna i fritidshem ska vidta åtgärder eller inte åtgärder enligt anmälningsplikten. Slutligen var stödet till lärare i fritidshemmet kommer ifrån då anmälan har genomförts. Forskningen bedrivs via Internet. Det finns ingen gräns för antal respondenterna, men respondenterna hade tre veckor på sig att svara på enkäter. Totalt kom cirka 100 svar på de två enkäterna. Resultaten visar att de flesta respondenterna är medvetna om anmälningsplikten och processen. Genom att lärarna tar ansvar agera de professionellt. Större delen respondenterna anmälde någon gång, men nästan hälften anmälde inte. Det finns många orsaker till att de inte anmäler. Det är på grund av okunskap, rädsla eller osäkerhet. Respondenterna hade olika eller liknande påverkningar under anmälan och efter anmälan, främst på grund av psykiska påfrestningar. Såsom oro, osäkerhet, rädsla och ångest är dessa de vanligaste känslorna som förekommer när anmälningar sker. Stödet kommer vanligtvis från rektorn, men också från olika källor, som till exempel arbetslag eller socialtjänst. Majoriteten skriver att de saknas utbildningskunskap om anmälan. KASAM-modellen används för att analysera resultaten. / The purpose of the study is to contribute knowledge about how teachers in after-school centers view the duty to report and how they handle information when they suspect that a student is in a vulnerable situation. The results show what the teachers 'in leisure-time centers' roles and responsibilities are and what is the basis for the teachers in leisure-time centers to take measures or not measures in accordance with the duty to report. Finally, where did the support for teachers in the after-school center come from when the application has been completed. The research is conducted via the Internet. There is no limit to the number of respondents, but the respondents had three weeks to respond to surveys. In total, about 100 responses came to the two questionnaires. The results show that most respondents are aware of the notification obligation and the process. By the teachers taking responsibility, they act professionally. The majority of respondents reported at some point, but almost half did not report. There are many reasons why they do not report. It is due to ignorance, fear or insecurity. The respondents had different or similar influences during the notification and after the notification, mainly due to mental stress. Such as worry, insecurity, fear and anxiety, these are the most common emotions that occur when reports are made. The support usually comes from the principal, but also from various sources, such as work teams or social services. The majority write that they lack educational knowledge about registration. The KASAM model is used to analyze the results.

För att värna om och stärka barns straffrättsliga skydd infördes lagen om barnfridsbrott den 1 juli 2021. Lagstiftningen ämnar att betona barns särskilda utsatthet i samband med bevittnande av våld mellan två omsorgspersoner. Syftet med den aktuella studien är att undersöka hur lagstiftningen fungerar bland praktiker inom Polismyndigheten och socialtjänsten i Malmö stad, detta genom att undersöka deras upplevda förutsättningar och potentiella hinder vad avser möjligheterna att utreda barnfridsbrott. Datainsamlingen består av sju kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med yrkesverksamma tjänstemän inom de två berörda myndigheterna. Genom en tematisk innehållsanalys identifierades fyra huvudteman. Studiens resultat indikerar att det skett en omfattande kunskapsutveckling på området våld i nära relation och att lagstiftningen upplevs tillvarata barnets rättigheter genom de ökade möjligheterna att höra barn utan vårdnadshavares tillstånd. Respondenterna redogör för utmaningar såsom tidsfristen och den ökade mängden barnförhör. De ger även uttryck för att socioekonomiska faktorer spelar en avgörande roll gällande våld i nära relation. Därtill betonar dessa vikten av ett välfungerande brottsförebyggande arbete som tar avstamp i en effektiv samverkan. Avslutningsvis framhålls vikten av att genomföra fler utvärderingar av lagstiftningens praktiska tillämpning. / In order to safeguard and strengthen children's criminal law protection, the violation of a child’s integrity became Swedish law on the first of July 2021. The legislation intends to emphasize children's vulnerability in regard to witnessing violence between two caregivers. The purpose of the current study is to investigate how practitioners within the Police Authority and the social services in the city of Malmö experience the function of the legislation. This is done by examining their working prerequisites and potential difficulties regarding the possibilities of investigating cases of violation of a child’s integrity. The data collection consists of seven qualitative semi-structured interviews with professionals within the two agencies. Through a thematic content analysis, four main themes were identified. Results indicate that there has been an extensive development of knowledge in the field of intimate partner violence and that the legislation is perceived to safeguard children's rights through the increased ability to interrogate children without caregivers' consent. The respondents describe challenges such as the time limit and the increased number of interrogations. In addition, they express that socio-economic factors play a decisive role regarding intimate partner violence. They also emphasize the importance of a well- functioning crime prevention that is based on cooperation between agencies. Finally, it is regarded as important to conduct further evaluations of the legislations' practical implementation.

The purpose of this study was to, through qualitative interviews, create anunderstanding of social workers' experiences of interventions aimed at children whohave witnessed violence between relatives. Understanding should therefore becreated about the implementation of interventions from the perspective of socialworkers'. Therefore, we wanted to create an understanding about what opportunitiesand difficulties social workers experience with the interventions to meet thechildren's needs, as well as which approaches social workers think are important inthe interventions. To find answers to these questions, we interviewed nine socialworkers who currently works or have worked with interventions for children whohave witnessed violence between relatives. In analyses of the interviews, we appliedtheories about discretion and evidence-based practice, along with previous research.From the results, we could see that there are both difficulties and opportunities inthe interventions. Discretion can be used in the interventions to be more flexible andfollow the individual child, while manuals help professionals so that they don´tforget important parts of the intervention. The social workers also expressed thechallenges with knowing how to act in certain situations, and therefore stated theneed for guidance. The result further showed that the interventions createopportunities for children to express their experiences and put to words what theyhave been trough. The social workers though experienced difficulties when thechildren don´t talk in the interventions. The result therefore showed how the socialworkers can use their discretion and professional expertise to handle thesechallenges and facilitate the children’s narrative. This could be done throughworking alongside the manuals and follow the needs of the individual child.Important approaches in the interventions that were expressed by the social workers,were for example the use of tools, relationship building and to relief the children’sfeelings of guilt and shame.

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The effects of having witnessed their fathers’ violent behaviour impacts on daughters for a long period afterwards, even in adulthood. This study explores this phenomenon by means of literature review and interviews. The literature indicates that the effects of paternal violence is linked to forced maturity, secrecy, pretending, self-blame, and negative impact on the daughter’s relationships with both parents. A narrative approach was used to interview three adult participants. The conversations were analysed using thematic analysis and hermeneutics. Themes that emerged include avoidance, ambivalence towards the parents, aggression, assertiveness, and over-responsibility. There is a tendency to avoid intense, emotionally-laden, ambiguous and unpredictable situations through the use of interpersonal vigilance, an emotionally strong poise, distancing, being agreeable and devoutness. Also, there is a fear of becoming just like their abusive father. The psychological impact of being witness to a father’s violent behaviours has long-lasting effects on daughters. / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)

Most children exposed to interpersonal violence experience multiple forms of victimizations that are more predictive of trauma symptomatology than single traumatic incidents. This exploratory study seeks to extend research that suggests a child’s intrinsic strengths may help mitigate the development of serious psychiatric symptoms for children experiencing multiple interfamilial victimizations. Utilizing a diverse clinical sample (N= 106) of children 7 to 18 years of age who were exposed to multiple family traumas or to non-interpersonal traumas, path analysis models (moderation, mediational, and moderated mediational) were employed across potential explanatory or attenuating demographic factors (age, ethnicity, and gender) to ascertain the associations between multiple interpersonal maltreatment types experienced, childs’ behavioral and emotional strengths, and their posttraumatic stress symptomatology and/or behavioral and emotional difficulty symptoms. / text

The effects of having witnessed their fathers’ violent behaviour impacts on daughters for a long period afterwards, even in adulthood. This study explores this phenomenon by means of literature review and interviews. The literature indicates that the effects of paternal violence is linked to forced maturity, secrecy, pretending, self-blame, and negative impact on the daughter’s relationships with both parents. A narrative approach was used to interview three adult participants. The conversations were analysed using thematic analysis and hermeneutics. Themes that emerged include avoidance, ambivalence towards the parents, aggression, assertiveness, and over-responsibility. There is a tendency to avoid intense, emotionally-laden, ambiguous and unpredictable situations through the use of interpersonal vigilance, an emotionally strong poise, distancing, being agreeable and devoutness. Also, there is a fear of becoming just like their abusive father. The psychological impact of being witness to a father’s violent behaviours has long-lasting effects on daughters. / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)

The aim of this study was to gain a greater knowledge and understanding of how staff in non-profit women shelters meet children's needs and rights in safe houses for women, and how staff in safe houses for women relate to children's participation. The study was based on a qualitative method where seven semi-structured interviews were conducted with staff in non-profit women shelters across Sweden. The empirical data has been analyzed based on previous research and the theoretical framework: sociology of childhood and the ladder of participation. The results show that the staff try to maintain the children's everyday life by creating routines for the children with school and activities. At the same time, it appears that there are difficulties to maintain children's everyday life because of the safety strategies that the safe houses for women have. The staff describe that they try to involve the children in the safe house for women, we have however discovered that the participation does not exceed the fifth step of the ladder of participation. In conclusion the children receive support in the safe house for women, in form of support talk. But because the children are accompanying their mother, it creates an inequality between the different women shelters. Where everyday life and support for the children differs around different women shelters in Sweden.