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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
111

Avalia??o qu?mica e biol?gica do Jambu (Acmella oleracea L.) seco com ar frio e liofilizado / Chemical and biological evaluation Jambu (Acmella oleracea L.) dry with cold air and lyophilized

BARBOSA, Alan Franco 15 December 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-09-12T17:41:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Alan Franco Barbosa.pdf: 6969234 bytes, checksum: 6f0ea0da3698193a91ae661b3c8aee8e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-12T17:41:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Alan Franco Barbosa.pdf: 6969234 bytes, checksum: 6f0ea0da3698193a91ae661b3c8aee8e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-15 / CAPES / CNPq / FAPERJ / The chemical and biological properties of Jambu, as well as the evaluation of the stability of spilanthol and the procedures of isolation this amide by solvents extraction are described. Were determined the amino acid profile, fatty acids, minerals, and free polyphenols, and total antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS) by the processes of drying with cold air and lyophilization. Adsorption isotherms were constructed using the set of experimental data of eight mathematical models. Lyophilized capitula, leaves and stems of Jambu were extracted with methanol at 100 ?C, and 10 MPa, and analyzed by LC-MS and NMR spectroscopy. The effect of methanol extract, and of fractions obtained by partitions with hexane and dichloromethane of methanol extracts, of the Jambu on the tyrosinase enzyme such as the antimicrobial activity front against of Micrococcus luteus and Lactobacillus casei were evaluated. The activation index of NKCC2 phosphorylation was evaluated by Western blotting. The rate of aquaporin 2 apical expression was analysed by confocal laser microscopy. Jambu dryed by cold air showed higher content of nutrient, except for the mineral content, and antioxidant capacity compared to lyophilized Jambu. At all evaluated temperatures, the model of Peleg presented the best adsorption isotherms of Jambu dryed by cold air. Spilanthol concentrations in capitula, leaves and stems were 16.5, 0.344 and 0.241 mg/g dry weight. The methanol extract from Jambu and the hexane fraction (84.28 % of spilanthol) were able to activate oxidant activity of the tyrosinase enzyme. On the other hand, the dichloromethane fraction (about 100 % spilanthol) showed strong inhibitory effect of tyrosinase enzyme in the first 10 min. There was no antimicrobial activity of methanol extract and hexane fraction about L. casei. But the hexane fraction created inhibition zone on M. luteus. Induced inhibition of cAMP by spilanthol modulates negatively the urine-concentrating mechanisms. It is concluded that Jambu subjected to the drying process with cold air offers better chemical quality and antioxidant capacity. The major component, espilantol, present mainly in inflorescences, does not change with extreme storage conditions. The methanolic extract of Jambu strongly activates the enzyme tyrosinase, whereas the dichloromethane fraction inhibits the tyrosinase. The hexanic fraction inhibits Micrococcus luteus growth and espilantol inhibits the production of cAMP, contributing to its application in drugs with diuretic function. / Esta tese teve por objetivo avaliar as propriedades qu?micas e biol?gicas do Jambu, bem como avaliar a estabilidade do espilantol e isolar esta amida por extra??o com solventes. Foram determinados o perfil de amino?cidos, ?cidos graxos, minerais, polifen?is totais e livres e a capacidade antioxidante (DPPH e ABTS) do Jambu pelos processos secagem com ar frio e liofiliza??o. As isotermas de adsor??o foram constru?das usando o conjunto de dados experimentais de 8 modelos matem?ticos. Cap?tulos, folhas e hastes liofilizados de Jambu foram extra?dos com metanol a 100 ?C e press?o de 10 MPa e analisados por CL-EM e RMN. Avaliaram-se os efeitos do extrato metan?lico e de fra??es obtidas com hexano e diclorometano do Jambu sobre a enzima tirosinase e atividade antimicrobiana frente ao Micrococcus luteus e o Lactobacillus casei. A fosforila??o de NKCC2 foi avaliada como ?ndice da sua ativa??o atrav?s de Western blotting. A taxa de express?o apical aquaporina 2 foi analisada por microscopia confocal a laser. O Jambu seco com ar frio apresentou maior teor dos nutrientes avaliados, com exce??o do teor de minerais, e maior capacidade antioxidante em rela??o ao Jambu liofilizado. O modelo de Peleg, em todas as temperaturas avaliadas, apresentou melhores isotermas de adsor??o de umidade do Jambu seco com ar frio. As concentra??es de espilantol nos cap?tulos, folhas e hastes foram de 16,5, 0,344 e 0,241 mg/g do peso seco. O extrato metan?lico de Jambu, bem como a fra??o hex?nica (84,28 % de espilantol) foram capazes de ativar a enzima tirosinase, por outro lado, a fra??o obtida com diclorometano (cerca de 100 % espilantol) mostrou forte efeito de inibi??o da enzima tirosinase nos primeiros 10 min. N?o foi observada a??o antimicrobiana do extrato metan?lico e fra??o hex?nica sobre L. casei, por?m, a fra??o hex?nica criou halo de inibi??o sobre M. luteus. O espilantol inibiu a produ??o de cAMP, modulando negativamente os mecanismos de concentra??o de urina. Conclui-se que o Jambu submetido ao processo de secagem com ar frio ofereceu melhor qualidade qu?mica e capacidade antioxidante. O componente majorit?rio, espilantol, presente sobretudo nas infloresc?ncias, n?o se altera com condi??es extremas de armazenamento. O extrato metan?lico de Jambu ativa fortemente a enzima tirosinase, enquanto que a fra??o diclorometano inibe a tirosinase. J? a fra??o hex?nica inibe o crescimento Micrococcus luteus e o espilantol inibe a produ??o de cAMP, contribuindo para sua aplica??o em f?rmacos com fun??o diur?tica.
112

Caracteriza??o fisiol?gica da resposta a aduba??o nitrogenada em duas cultivares de arroz

ZONTA, Everaldo 11 July 1996 (has links)
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-09-19T17:42:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 1996 - Everaldo Zonta.pdf: 1943123 bytes, checksum: 68d390944248ef0f006da2af6d6385fc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-19T17:42:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1996 - Everaldo Zonta.pdf: 1943123 bytes, checksum: 68d390944248ef0f006da2af6d6385fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 1996-07-11 / CNPq / An experiment was carried out to study the seasonal pattern of dry mass and nitrogen (N) distribution in the vegetative and reproductive parts of two rice cultivars of contrasting aerial architecture, as a function of the application of N in the maximum tillering stage. Substrate from the Ap horizon of a Red Yellow Podzolic soil was used as substrate. The cultivars Comum Branco (dryland) and IAC 4440 (irrigated) were combined with five application levels of N (as Ammonium Sulfate): 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 g N m-2 in the maximum tillering, and grown in pots arranged in a completely randomized, greenhouse. During the plant cycle, seven successive collections were carried out in order to follow the phasic development as days after planting (DAP): beginning of tillering, maximum tillering, panicle differentiation, stem elongation, flowering, milky / pasty grain and physiological maturation of the grain, which corresponded to collections at 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 115 and 135 DAP respectively. In each collection were determined the dry mass of: green and senescent leaves, stems and sheaths and roots. The green leaf area and root area were also determined. The N contents were determined in all these fractions by micro Kjeldhal technique. In the final collection the components of the production were evaluated: mass and number of panicle, viable and sterile grain, and their corresponding N contents. The experimental data were combined for the purpose of analysis of variance, in the form of a cultivar factorial x dose x DAP . Primary functions were adjusted from the data of dry mass and total N, foliar and root area, from which the growth and accumulation rates were derived, to obtain net assimilation rates and N influx rates. it was observed that during the period prior to flowering there were no differences in accumulation of total dry matter between the cultivars. There was a higher dry mass allocated in stalks and sheaths, and lower weight of senescent leaves mass in IAC 4440. The partition of dry mass in favor of roots was similar in both cultivars. The cultivar IAC 4440 established a potential productive superiority due to its greater number of tillers. As a consequence, it maintained a longer duration of photosynthetically active leaf area, resulting in a higher daily accumulation rate of dry matter and leaf area. Regarding the N accumulation patterns in the different biomass fractions, the same trend as that observed for dry mass accumulation was observed. However, the maximum rate of maximum accumulation of N occurred in both cultivars, rather than the maximum dry matter accumulation. Leaf N contents in both cultivars were similar until flowering. IAC 4440 had greater specific leaf area in the period, suggesting greater leaf N dilution. When compared to leaf area equality, the net assimilation rate was higher in IAC 4440, which indicates that the overproduction of area, affected the photosynthetic potential in this cultivar, to a greater degree than in Common White. In the post-flowering period, the dry matter partitioning pattern, which was rigidly fixed in pre-flowering, was manifested in a sustained remobilization of photoassimilates and N to the panicle in IAC 4440, evidenced by the reduction of dry mass and N contents of stalks and sheaths during the first 15 days post-flowering and additional contribution of N and C from marked leaf senescence in the maturation period. There was detention of the photo-assimilates and N remobilization of the panicle in Common White, after 15 days post-flowering, with consequent accumulation of dry matter and N in leaf stems and sheaths. The development of a secondary drainage originated in post-flowering neo-tillering may have subtracted photosynthates, otherwise able to be applied in the filling of the growing panicle. A higher grain weight per plant in IAC 4440 was explained by a higher number of panicles and a higher number of viable seeds, and lower crude protein levels, compared to White Common. Regarding the dry mass and nitrogen distribution patterns during the cycle of the cultivars, the effects resulting from the single application of N at the maximum tillering were diluted during the development of the plants, so that they had very little effect on the dynamics of retranslocation of C and N after flowering. This dilution effect was responsible for the non-significance of the interaction of practically none of the primary descriptive growth parameters of the cultivars. No effect of N on phasic development was also noted. The higher levels of N applied favored an increase in net assimilation due to an increase in leaf N content. At higher levels of N application, leaf mass increased without area promotion, which was evidenced by the increase in its specific weight. However, the N content did not significantly reduce leaf senescence; The application of N did not affect significantly the production, only affecting an increase in the percentage of sterility of the spikelets, which counterbalanced the gain of one panicle per plant. As a global result of the work, it was concluded that the patterns of dry matter production and C and N remobilization to the grain, are regulated genetically, showing cultivar specificity. Therefore, nitrogen fertilization is efficient only in order to ensure high rates of physiological activity of panicles and other organs related to grain filling, but not in changing the pattern itself. / Foi instalado um experimento com o objetivo de estudar o padr?o sazonal de distribui??o de massa seca e nitrog?nio (N) nas partes vegetativas e reprodutivas de duas cultivares de arroz de arquitetura a?rea contrastante, em fun??o da aplica??o de N no est?gio de m?ximo perfilhamento. Usou-se como substrato terra proveniente do horizonte Ap de um solo Podz?lico Vermelho Amarelo. As cultivares Comum Branco (de sequeiro) e IAC 4440 (irrigada) foram combinadas com cinco n?veis de aplica??o de N (na forma de Sulfato de Am?nia): 0, 2, 4, 6 e 8 g N m-2, no est?gio de m?ximo perfilhamento, e cultivadas em potes dispostos de forma inteiramente casualizada, em casa de vegeta??o. Durante o ciclo das plantas foram realizadas sete coletas sucessivas, de forma a acompanhar o desenvolvimento f?sico como dias ap?s plantio (DAP): in?cio do perfilhamento, perfilhamento m?ximo, diferencia??o da pan?cula, elonga??o de colmos, flora??o, gr?o leitoso/pastoso e matura??o fisiol?gica do gr?o, o que correspondeu ? coletas aos 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 115 e 135 DAP respectivamente. Em cada coletas foram determinados a massa seca de: folhas verdes e senescentes, colmos e bainhas e ra?zes. A ?rea foliar verde e ?rea radicular foram tamb?m determinadas. Os teores de N foram determinados em todas estas fra??es, por t?cnica de micro Kjeldhal. Na coleta final foram avaliados os componentes da produ??o: massa e n?mero de pan?cula, gr?o vi?vel e est?ril, e seus correspondentes teores de N. Os dados experimentais foram combinados para finalidade de an?lise de vari?ncia, na forma de um fatorial cultivar x dose x DAP. Fun??es prim?rias foram ajustadas a partir dos dados de massa seca e conte?do total de N, ?rea foliar e radicular, das quais foram derivadas as taxas de crescimento e de ac?mulo, para f?ns de obten??o das taxas de assimila??o l?quida e influxos de N. Concluiu-se que durante o per?odo anterior ? flora??o, n?o existiram diferen?as em ac?mulo de mat?ria seca total entre as cultivares. Houve maior massa seca alocada em colmos e bainhas, e menor peso de massa de folhas senescentes em IAC 4440. A parti??o de massa seca em favor de ra?zes resultou similar em ambas as cultivares. A cultivar IAC 4440 estabeleceu uma superioridade produtiva potencial em fun??o de seu maior n?mero de perfilhos. Como consequ?ncia, manteve maior dura??o de ?rea foliar fotossinteticamente ativa, resultando em maior taxa de ac?mulo di?rio de mat?ria seca e ?rea foliar. Com rela??o aos padr?es de ac?mulo de N nas diferentes fra??es da biomassa, foi observado a mesma tend?ncia que a verificada para ac?mulo de massa seca. Por?m, a taxa m?xima de m?ximo ac?mulo de N, aconteceu em ambas as cultivar, antes do que os m?ximos de ac?mulo de mat?ria seca. Os teores de N foliares em ambas as cultivares foram similares at? a flora??o. IAC 4440 teve maior ?rea foliar espec?fica no per?odo, sugerindo maior dilui??o de N foliar. Quando comparadas ? igualdade de ?rea foliar, a taxa de assimila??o l?quida foi superior em IAC 4440, o que indica que a sobreprodu??o de ?rea, prejudicou o potencial fotossint?tico nesta cultivar, em maior grau que em Comum Branco. No per?odo p?s-flora??o, o padr?o de parti??o de mat?ria seca ao gr?o, o qual foi rigidamente fixado na pr?-flora??o, manifestou-se em uma remobiliza??o sustentada de fotoassimilados e N ? pan?cula em IAC 4440, evidenciado pela redu??o de massa seca e conte?do de N de colmos e bainhas durante os primeiros 15 dias p?s-flora??o e contribui??o adicional de N e C a partir de acentuada senesc?ncia foliar no per?odo de matura??o. Houve deten??o da remobiliza??o de fotoassimilados e de N ? pan?cula em Comum Branco, ap?s os 15 dias p?s-flora??o, com consequente ac?mulo de mat?ria seca e N em colmos e bainhas foliares. O desenvolvimento de um dreno secund?rio originado em neo-perfilhamento p?s-flora??o, pode ter subtra?do fotossintatos, de outra forma, pass?veis de serem aplicados no enchimento da pan?cula em crescimento. Um maior peso de gr?os por planta em IAC 4440 foi explicado por maior n?mero de pan?culas e maior n?mero de sementes vi?veis, e menores teores de prote?na bruta, em rela??o a Comum Branco. Com rela??o aos padr?es de distribui??o de massa seca e nitrog?nio durante o ciclo das cultivares, os efeitos decorrentes da aplica??o ?nica de N por ocasi?o do m?ximo perfilhamento foram dilu?dos durante o de desenvolvimento das plantas, de forma que tiveram efeito muito reduzido sobre a din?mica de retransloca??o de C e N p?s-flora??o. Esse efeito de dilui??o foi respons?vel pela n?o significa??o da intera??o de praticamente nenhum dos par?metros prim?rios descritivos de crescimento das cultivares. Tamb?m n?o foi notado efeito do N no desenvolvimento f?sico. Os maiores n?veis de N aplicados, favoreceram um aumento da assimila??o l?quida devido ? um aumento no teor de N foliar. Aos maiores n?veis de aplica??o de N, o peso de massa foliar aumentou, sem promo??o de ?rea, o que foi evidenciado pelo aumento do seu peso espec?fico. Entretanto, o teor de N n?o reduziu significativamente a senesc?ncia foliar; A aplica??o de N n?o afetou significativamente a produ??o, incidindo apenas num aumento da percentagem de esterilidade das espiguetas, que contrabalanceou o ganho de uma pan?cula por planta. Como resultado global do trabalho, foi concluido que os padr?es de produ??o de mat?ria seca e de remobiliza??o de C e N ao gr?o, est?o regulados geneticamente, mostrando especificidade de cultivar. Portanto, a fertiliza??o nitrogenada ? eficiente apenas no sentido de assegurar altas taxas de atividade fisiol?gica das pan?culas e demais ?rg?os relacionados ao enchimento de gr?os, mas n?o na mudan?a do padr?o em s?.
113

Efic?cia da associa??o de abamectina com fluazuron no controle de Rhipicephalus microplus, Dermatobia hominis e nemat?ides gastrointestinais em bovinos / Efficacy of abamectin with fluazuron association in control of Rhipicephalus microplus, Dermatobia hominis and gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle

Rocha, Cristiane Nunes Coelho da 21 March 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-16T12:11:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Cristiane Nunes Coelho da Rocha.pdf: 2134676 bytes, checksum: 7d111f5f6a4f012cde150c537673a52f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-16T12:11:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Cristiane Nunes Coelho da Rocha.pdf: 2134676 bytes, checksum: 7d111f5f6a4f012cde150c537673a52f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-21 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The purpose of the research was to evaluate the efficacy of association abamectin 0.6% with fluazuron 3.0% in control of Rhipicephalus microplus, Dermatobia hominis and gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle. For this, there were five tests in which the control group animals received no treatment, while animals in the treated group received the formulation within the association in a single dose of 600 mcg of abamectin and 3 mg of fluazuron per Kg of body weight by route ?pour-on?. As to acaricide efficacy, two tests were conducted, one using artificially infested cattle and other naturally infested by Rhipicephalus microplus. In the same manner, a test was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the product in test front of Dermatobia hominis naturally infested cattle. And two tests anthelmintic efficacy in infected cattle naturally and artificially by gastrointestinal nematodes. The mean of the carrapaticide efficacy for cattle artificially infested with R. microplus over the 23 days after treatment was 87,40%. The preventive effectiveness results of 98,12%; 98,68%; 98,36%; 97,88%; 96,76%; 96,45%; 96,84%; 97,03%; 95,36% and 87,07% respectively for the experimental days +7, +14, +21, +28, +35, +42, +49, +56, +63, +70. The acaricide effectiveness for naturally infested cattle by R. microplus was 96,30%; 96,90%; 95,98%; 96,83%; 98,32%; 96,12%; 96,15%; 98,8%; 97,18%, 99,12%; 97,18%; 98,04% and 77,50%, respectively for the experimental days +7, +14, +21, +28, +35, +42, +49, +56, +63, +70, +77, +84 and +91 for the treated group. The efficacy of the test product to D. hominis was 90,70% and 96,84% for days +7 and +14. The values of anthelmintic efficacy in naturally infected cattle with gastrointestinal nematodes was 92,17%; 89,32%; 87,38% respectively for the experimental days +7, +14, +21 for the treated group. For cattle artificially infected by gastrointestinal nematodes the efficacy was 92,59%; 97,62%; 87,82%; 86,96%; 96,00% respectively for Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia punctata, Cooperia pectinata and Oesophagostomum radiatum. The association abamectin 0.6% with fluazuron 3.0% was effective in artificially infested cattle and naturally infested by R. microplus, as well as demonstrates efficacy for D. hominis. The test product showed efficacy also in the reduction the eggs counts per gram of feces (EPG) in cattle naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes, as well as shown to be effective front of artificial infections with H. placei, T. axei and O. radiatum and has presented moderately effective against C. pectinata and C. punctata / O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a efic?cia da associa??o de abamectina 0.6% com fluazuron 3.0% controle de Rhipicephalus microplus, Dermatobia hominis e nemat?ides gastrointestinais em bovinos. Para isso, foram realizados cinco ensaios, nos quais os animais do grupo controle n?o receberam tratamento, enquanto que os animais do grupo tratado receberam a formula??o da associa??o na dose ?nica de 600 mcg de abamectina com 3 mg de fluazuron por Kg de peso corporal, por meio de via ?pour-on?. Quanto ? atividade carrapaticida, foram conduzidos dois ensaios, um utilizando bovinos artificialmente infestados e outro naturalmente infestados por Rhipicephalus microplus. Da mesma forma, foi realizado um ensaio para avaliar a efic?cia do produto em teste frente a Dermatobia hominis em bovinos infestados naturalmente e dois ensaios de efic?cia anti-helm?ntica em bovinos naturalmente e artificialmente infectados por nemat?ides gastrointestinais. A m?dia da efic?cia carrapaticida para bovinos artificialmente infestados por R. microplus ao longo dos 23 dias ap?s o tratamento foi de 87,40%. O resultado da efic?cia preventiva foi de 98,12%; 98,68%; 98,36%; 97,88%; 96,76%; 96,45%; 96,84%; 97,03%; 95,36%; e 87,07% respectivamente para os dias experimentais +7, +14, +21, +28, +35, +42, +49, +56, +63, +70. A efic?cia carrapaticida para bovinos naturalmente infestados por R. microplus foi de 96,30%; 96,90%; 95,98%; 96,83%; 98,32%; 96,12%; 96,15%; 98,8%; 97,18%, 99,12%; 97,18%; 98,04% e 77,50%, respectivamente para os dias experimentais +7, +14, +21, +28, +35, +42, +49, +56, +63, +70, +77, +84 e +91 para o grupo tratado. A efic?cia do produto em teste para D. hominis foi de 90,70% e 96,84%, para os dias +7 e +14. Os valores de efic?cia anti-helm?ntica em bovinos naturalmente infectados por nemat?ides gastrointestinais foi de 92,17%; 89,32%; 87,38% respectivamente para os dias experimentais +7, +14, +21 para o grupo tratado. Para bovinos artificialmente infectados por nemat?ides gastrointestinais, a efic?cia foi de 92,59%; 97,62%; 87,82%; 86,96%; 96,00% respectivamente para Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia punctata, Cooperia pectinata e Oesophagostomum radiatum. A associa??o de abamectina 0.6% com fluazuron 3.0% demonstrou ser eficaz em bovinos artificialmente e naturalmente infestados por R. microplus, assim como apresentou efic?cia para D. hominis. O produto em teste apresentou efic?cia tamb?m na redu??o de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) em bovinos naturalmente infectados por nemat?ides gastrointestinais, assim como, demonstrou ser efetivo frente a infec??es artificiais por H. placei, T. axei e O. radiatum, e apresentou-se moderadamente efetivo frente a C. pectinata e C. punctata.
114

Ajuste no fator C da RUSLE e avalia??o temporal da cobertura e perda de solo estimada na bacia hidrogr?fica de Palmares- Ribeir?o do Saco/RJ / Adjust in factor C of RUSLE and temporal assessment of the coverage and estimated soil loss in the watershed of Palmares- Ribeir?o do Saco/RJ

MACEDO, Pietro Menezes Sanchez 31 August 2016 (has links)
FAPERJ / The importance of studying soils in order to preserve its functions includes conservation efforts whose goal is to ensure preservation of natural resources for future generations. This study works with the scientific hypothesis that changes in vegetation cover in the watershed of Palmares-Ribeir?o do Saco, Rio de Janeiro State, in the period of 2009-2015, favored the erosion reduction in this area. To verify this trend an estimate of soil losses was made with use of RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) which allows generating information to build up management plans to secure agricultural production, and to preserve natural resources of the region. Thus, the objective was to develop a methodology for assessment of vegetation affected by seasonality and able to reduce erosion, based on the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) in order to reduce part of values overestimation associated to errors in the RUSLE model. As secondary objective, to compare estimates of erosion and natural erosion potential (NEP) in the period of 2009-2015 with those obtained in the period of 1986-2009, in order to verify environmental impacts in the watershed. The area studied was the watershed of Palmares-Ribeir?o do Saco, located between the municipalities of Paty do Alferes and Miguel Pereira in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Even without the adoption of conservation practices by some of the region farmers, the general aspect of data provided by RUSLE and the NEP in recent years has shown that soil losses are tending to decrease, mainly due to the low recorded rainfall indexes, implying at low erosivity values. / A import?ncia do estudo dos solos a fim de preservar suas fun??es compreende os esfor?os conservacionistas que tem por meta garantir a persist?ncia dos recursos naturais para as gera??es futuras. O presente estudo trabalha com a hip?tese cient?fica de que a evolu??o da cobertura vegetal na bacia hidrogr?fica de Palmares-Ribeir?o do Saco, no estado do Rio de Janeiro, ocorrida no per?odo 2009-2015, favoreceu a redu??o do processo erosivo na bacia. Para averiguar tal tend?ncia foi feita a estimativa da perda de solo com uso da RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) que possibilita gerar informa??es para montar planos de manejo que visem garantir a produ??o agr?cola preservando os recursos naturais da regi?o. Sendo assim, o objetivo principal foi desenvolver uma metodologia para avalia??o da vegeta??o afetada pela sazonalidade capaz de reduzir processos erosivos, com base no NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) a fim de reduzir parte das superestimativas associadas ao erro no modelo da RUSLE. E como objetivo secund?rio comparar as estimativas do processo erosivo e o potencial natural de eros?o (PNE) no per?odo 2009-2015 com aquelas obtidas no per?odo 1986-2009, com intuito de verificar os impactos ambientais ocorridos na bacia hidrogr?fica. A ?rea utilizada como objeto de estudo foi ? bacia hidrogr?fica de Palmares-Ribeir?o do Saco, situada entre os munic?pios de Paty do Alferes e Miguel Pereira no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Mesmo sem haver a ado??o de pr?ticas conservacionistas por partes dos produtores na regi?o, o aspecto geral dos dados fornecidos pela RUSLE e o PNE dos ?ltimos anos revelou que as perdas de solo est?o tendendo ? redu??o, sobretudo por conta dos baixos ?ndices pluviom?tricos registrados, implicando em valores baixos de erosividade.
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Mission?rios e Protestantismo: o Caso de Robert Reid Kalley. / Missionaries and Protestantism: The Case of Robert Reid Kalley.

Lima, Sergio Prates 19 August 2010 (has links)
Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2018-01-29T13:35:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Sergio Prates Lima.pdf: 3168857 bytes, checksum: 3aab9483252128c9499aa634ef69ee25 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-29T13:35:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Sergio Prates Lima.pdf: 3168857 bytes, checksum: 3aab9483252128c9499aa634ef69ee25 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-19 / This paper analyzes the changes that occurred in the social-political and religious panorama of the Brazil Empire, in the period between 1855-1876, from the activities of the Scottish doctor and missionary, Robert Reid Kalley (1809-1888) in Brazil. The emphasis of this research revolves around the attempt of exercising Protestant religious practice in the Portuguese language and the resistance formed in the political-religious scope against such a right in a Roman Catholic country. The research also focuses on Kalley?s stay and activities in the Island of Madeira (1838-1846), which came to be the stage between Catholic and Protestant ideologies, culminating with the exodus and persecution of thousands of people, Kalley being the main target. Then, the sermons in Portuguese and the medical care that he accomplished in Madeira arrives in Brazil in 1855. This research also reveals specific Kalleyan methodology, how he worked independently of any church or missionary organization, even financially, unlike other missionaries at the time, although exercising the same practices of those. This examination of Protestantism informs and discloses the process that culminated with the acquisition of the civil right to registry (birth, marriage and death) by non-Catholics, citizens who did not practice the Common Religion. This paper also examines, the reaction of Kalley's Protestant speech, and reveals details of the resistance of the Catholic Church to allow freedom of worship along with the attempts to discredit the d Protestant practice and ideology. The survey also covers the discussions brought about by the Protestant mission in the Brazilian society, without forgetting to co-relate the factors going on within the Catholic Church who faced various difficulties, such as discussions about the republic, the abolitionist propaganda, foreign immigration, the patronage and the religious question, among other things, episodes that were essential to understanding the role of Robert Reid Kalley and of other missionaries who came after him. / Este trabalho analisa as mudan?as ocorridas no panorama s?cio-pol?tico-religioso do Brasil Imp?rio, no per?odo entre 1855-1876, a partir das atividades do m?dico e mission?rio escoc?s Robert Reid Kalley (1809-1888), em terras brasileiras. A t?nica da pesquisa gera em torno da tentativa do exerc?cio de pr?ticas religiosas protestantes, em l?ngua portuguesa e da resist?ncia formada no ?mbito pol?tico-religioso contra tal direito, num pa?s Cat?lico Romano. A pesquisa tamb?m enfoca sua perman?ncia e atua??o na Ilha da Madeira (1838-1846), que veio a se tornar cen?rio entre as ideologias cat?lica e protestante, culminando com o ?xodo e a persegui??o de milhares de pessoas, sendo Kalley o principal alvo. Em seguida, os serm?es em Portugu?s e os cuidados m?dicos que ele realizara na Madeira chegam ao Brasil, em 1855. A pesquisa revela especificidades da metodologia kalleyana, pois trabalha de forma independente de qualquer organismo mission?rio ou denominacional, inclusive financeiramente, diferente dos demais mission?rios aqui chegados, embora utilizando a mesma metodologia e pr?ticas daqueles. O exame do protestantismo de miss?o aut?ctone informa e descortina o processo que culminou com a aquisi??o do registro civil (nascimento, casamento e ?bito) pelos acat?licos, cidad?os n?o praticantes da religi?o majorit?ria. ? discutida a rea??o ao seu discurso protestante, revelam-se detalhes da resist?ncia da Igreja Cat?lica ao exerc?cio da liberdade de culto e as tentativas para desacreditar a pr?tica e a ideologia protestantes. A pesquisa abarca ainda as discuss?es trazidas pelo protestantismo de miss?o na sociedade brasileira, sem esquecer-se de co-relacionar os fatores que v?o agindo no seio da Igreja Cat?lica, que enfrentava dificuldades variadas, como as discuss?es sobre a rep?blica, a propaganda abolicionista, a imigra??o estrangeira, o Padroado e a Quest?o Religiosa, dentre outros temas, s?o epis?dios essenciais para compreender a atua??o de Robert Reid Kalley e dos demais mission?rios que chegaram depois dele.
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Caracteriza??o de estirpes de Bradyrhizobium isoladas de Centrolobium paraense / Caracterization of strains isolated from Centrolobium paraense

MICHEL, Daniele Cabral 14 February 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-03-23T19:09:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Daniele Cabral Michel.pdf: 1915531 bytes, checksum: af036434bb0fd939d8e85a7ff4a1d43f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-23T19:09:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Daniele Cabral Michel.pdf: 1915531 bytes, checksum: af036434bb0fd939d8e85a7ff4a1d43f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-14 / CAPES / FAPERJ / Centrolobium paraense Tul. popularly known as "pau-rainha", is a naturally occurring legume species from the northern state of Roraima (Brazil) to Panama. It has economic, social and environmental importance for local populations, being a nitrogen fixing species in association with bacteria of the rhizobia group. Thirteen Gram-negative, aerobic, motile with polar flagella, rods shaped bacteria previously isolated from root nodules of C. paraense grown in soils from the Roraima State were submitted to a polyphasic approach characterization. The study involved the carbon source utilization, enzymatic reaction, antibody, pH and NaCl tolerance, 16S rRNA, nodC, nifH and multi locus sequence phylogenetic analysis (MLSA with dnaK, glnII, recA, gyrB and rpoB), G+C content and Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI). Growth of strains was observed at temperature range 20- 36?C (optimal 28?C), pH ranges 5-11 (optimal 6.0-7.0) and 0.1-0.5%NaCl (optimal 0.1- 0.3%). Analysis of 16S rRNA gene placed the strains into two groups within Bradyrhizobium. Closest neighbouring species (98.8%) for group I was B. neotropicale while for group II were twelve species with more than 99% of similarity. MLSA confirmed B. neotropicale BR 10247T as the closest type strain for the group I and B. elkanii USDA 76T and B. pachyrhizi PAC 48T for group II. ANI differentiated group I from the B. neotropicale BR 10247T (79.6%), and group II from B. elkanii USDA 76T and B. pachyrhizi PAC 48T (88.1% and 87.9%, respectively). Fatty acid profiles (majority C16:0 and Summed feature 8 (18:1?6c/18:1?7c) for both groups), DNA G+C content and carbon compound utilization supported the placement of the novel strains in the genus Bradyrhizobium. Gene nodC and nifH of the new strains have in general low similarity with other Bradyrhizobium species. Both groups nodulated plants from the tribes Crotalarieae, Dalbergiae, Genisteae and Phaseoleae. Based on the result obtained, two novel species which the names Bradyrhizobium centrolobii and Bradyrhizobium macuxiense are proposed. / Centrolobium paraense Tul. popularmente conhecido como ?pau-rainha?, ? uma esp?cie de leguminosa que ocorre naturalmente no norte do estado de Roraima (Brasil) ao Panam?. Tem import?ncia econ?mica, social e ambiental para popula??es locais, sendo uma esp?cie fixadora de nitrog?nio (N) em associa??o com bact?rias do grupo dos riz?bios. Treze bact?rias gram-negativas, aer?bicas, com mobilidade atrav?s de flagelos polares e em forma de bastonetes previamente isoladas de n?dulos de ra?zes de Centrolobium paraense cultivadas em solos do estado de Roraima foram submetidas a caracteriza??o com abordagem polif?sica. O estudo envolveu a utiliza??o de fontes de carbono, rea??es enzim?ticas, composi??o de ?cidos graxos das c?lulas, antibi?ticos, pH e toler?ncia a NaCl,16S rRNA, an?lise filogen?tica dos genes nodC, nifH e de sequ?ncias multilocus (MLSA com dnaK, glnII, recA, gyrB e rpoB), conte?do de G+C e identidade m?dia de nucleot?deos (ANI). O crescimento das estirpes foi observado num intervalo de temperatura 20-36?C (?tima 28?C), intervalo de pH de 5-11 (?timo 6,0-7,0) e 0,1-0,5% NaCl (?timo 0,1-0,3%). A an?lise do gene 16S rRNA posicionou as estirpes em dois grupos dentro de Bradyrhizobium. A esp?cie mais pr?xima (98,8%) para o grupo I foi B. neotropicale enquanto para o grupo II foram outras doze esp?cies com mais de 99% de similaridade. MLSA confirmou B. neotropicale BR 10247T como a estirpe tipo mais pr?xima do grupo I e B. elkanii USDA 76T e B. pachyrhizi PAC 48T do grupo II. O ANI diferenciou o grupo I da B. neotropicale BR 10247T (79,6%) e o grupo II da B. elkanii USDA 76T e B. pachyrhizi PAC 48T (88,1 e 87,9 respectivamente. O perfil de ?cidos graxos (predomin?ncia de C16:0 e caracterist?ca somada 8 (18:1?6c/18:1?7c) para ambos os grupos, ANI, o conte?do de G+C e a utiliza??o de compostos de carbono deram suporte ao posicionamento das novas estirpes no g?nero Bradyrhizobium. Os genes nodC e nifH t?m em geral baixa similaridade com outras esp?cies de Bradyrhizobium. Ambos os grupos nodularam plantas de diferentes tribos.
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A ocorr?ncia de Apiformes (Hymenoptera) em fragmentos da Mata Atl?ntica e respostas ecol?gicas para seu desenvolvimento sustent?vel. / The occurrence of Apiforms (Hymenoptera) in fragments of Atlantic Rainforest and ecological responses for sustainable use.

Braga, Juliana Almeida 15 July 2010 (has links)
Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2018-04-12T12:14:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Juliana Almeida Braga.pdf: 2354270 bytes, checksum: 98c45e0ebd59588dfab79268b972b77f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-12T12:14:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Juliana Almeida Braga.pdf: 2354270 bytes, checksum: 98c45e0ebd59588dfab79268b972b77f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-15 / The high species richness of the Atlantic and Amazon rainforests places Brazil as one of the most important repositories of biological diversity worldwide. Unfortunately, some of these protected areas were rapidly degraded. Deforestation, cattle and agriculture expansion, the spread of exotic species are listed as key factors that mitigate the environmental. The effects of these factors on the bee fauna in a short span of time can only be roughly estimated, but predictions for the future are potentially catastrophic. This study aimed to evaluate the bee fauna and flora diversity in fragments of Atlantic rainforest, and to provide information about the geodiversity of the fragments. Samples were taken at four sites of fragments over a year from bees visiting plants. From the survey of environmental conditions close to the fragments we obtained the rates of geodiversity. In all fragments, the inventory showed higher species richness of solitary bees and greater abundance of Meliponina. Compared with other surveys of Atlantic forest, there is a low species richness of fauna and flora melitophily, suggesting that the fragments are unfavorable for the maintenance of bees. The statistical model predicts a decline of flora from the data of bee fauna of the fragments. / A alta riqueza de esp?cies na Floresta Atl?ntica posiciona o Brasil como um dos mais importantes reposit?rios da diversidade biol?gica mundial. Infelizmente, parte destas ?reas de prote??o foi rapidamente degradada; o desflorestamento, a explora??o agr?cola, a propaga??o de esp?cies ex?ticas s?o indicados como os principais fatores que mitigam o meio ambiente. Os efeitos destes fatores sobre a fauna de abelhas em curto espa?o de tempo s? pode ser estimado aproximadamente, mas as previs?es para o futuro s?o potencialmente catastr?ficas. Neste estudo, buscou-se avaliar a diversidade da fauna e flora melit?filas em quatro fragmentos da Floresta Atl?ntica e dispor de informa??es sobre a geodiversidade destes fragmentos. As amostragens foram feitas em quatro localidades de fragmentos florestais de Mata Atl?ntica ao longo de um ano, de abelhas em visita ?s plantas. A partir do levantamento das condi??es ambientais pr?ximas aos fragmentos, foram calculados os ?ndices de geodiversidade. Em todos os fragmentos, o invent?rio das abelhas mostrou maior riqueza de esp?cies de abelhas solit?rias e maior abund?ncia relativa de Meliponina. H? uma baixa riqueza de esp?cies de fauna e flora melit?fila, comparada com outros invent?rios de Mata Atl?ntica, sugerindo que os fragmentos s?o pouco favor?veis para a manuten??o das abelhas. O modelo estat?stico previu um decl?nio de flora a partir dos dados de fauna de abelhas dos fragmentos.
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Quando a Baixada tamb?m ? Brasil: um estudo de caso da Baixada imaginada em Senhora do Destino / When Baixada is also Brasil: an study of case of the imagined Baixada in Senhora do Destino

SANTOS, Andreza Patricia Almeida dos 26 May 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-05-04T18:54:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Andreza Patricia Almeida dos Santos.pdf: 1163622 bytes, checksum: 53d1f9ad4796bcf6306f375a7dc57bfa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-04T18:54:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Andreza Patricia Almeida dos Santos.pdf: 1163622 bytes, checksum: 53d1f9ad4796bcf6306f375a7dc57bfa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-26 / CAPES / This research is a study about telenovela and Baixada Fluminense that, in a larger scale, also tries to think about Brazil. Under the assumption that a study about telenovela can revel instersections between fiction and reality, the present dissertation tries ? from a study of case of Senhora do Destino ? to analyse how the presentation of a fluid and flexible Baixada in a prime time novel, that sometimes approaches Baixada to a hegemonic representation of violence, absence and indifference, and sometimes emphasizes Baixada as an ideal territory in terms of election, life and consuption, is associated with a larger sociological context that envolves agents of economic, political and social fields. Therefore, in the light of bibliographical and documentary survey about the theme, and by the analysis of the audiovisual material of the work, we realized that, inserted in a market moviment, where Rede Globo starts to incorporate ? from its novels ? a process of valuing socially devalued places, the telenovela Senhora do Destino points to an attempt of the TV station to capture and express the socioeconomic modulations experienced in Brazil, much in function of the politics carried out by Lula government. Driven, therefore, by the vigour of lulismo of the 2000 years, the work of Aguinaldo Silva revealed an authorial intencionality and an investiment of midia that, attentive to the ascension of a new social class, opens ?space? for that ?new class? to see themselve ?represented? on television. So, taking a ride in the year of 2004, when Baixada wins the national news from the municipal elections of Nova Igua?u, Aguinaldo Silva presented us a Baixada that blends legality and ilegality, violence and peace, samba and jogo do bicho; and that ? redeemed by the figure of a woman ? was, in the end, exalted as a simbol of the national identity. / Esta pesquisa ? um estudo sobre telenovela e Baixada Fluminense que, em uma escala maior, tamb?m busca pensar o Brasil. Com o pressuposto de que um estudo sobre telenovela pode revelar intersec??es entre fic??o e realidade, a presente disserta??o busca ? a partir de um estudo de caso de Senhora do Destino ? analisar como a apresenta??o de uma Baixada fluida e flex?vel em uma novela do hor?rio nobre, que ora a aproxima de uma representa??o hegem?nica de viol?ncia, aus?ncia e descaso e, ora a enfatiza como um territ?rio ideal em termos eleitorais, de vida e de consumo, est? associada a um contexto sociol?gico maior, que envolve agentes de campos econ?micos, pol?ticos e sociais. Assim sendo, ? luz de levantamento bibliogr?fico e documental sobre o tema, bem como pela an?lise do material audiovisual da obra, percebemos que, inserida dentro de um movimento mercadol?gico, onde a Rede Globo passa a incorporar ? a partir de suas novelas ? um processo de valoriza??o de lugares socialmente desvalorizados, a novela Senhora do Destino aponta para a tentativa da emissora de captar e expressar as modula??es socioecon?micas vividas no Brasil, muito em fun??o das pol?ticas realizadas pelo governo Lula. Embalada, portanto, pelo vigor do lulismo dos anos 2000, a obra de Aguinaldo Silva revelou uma intencionalidade autoral e um investimento da m?dia que, atenta ? ascens?o de uma nova classe social, abre ?espa?o? para que essa ?nova classe? tamb?m se veja ?representada? na televis?o. Tomando, ent?o, de carona o ano de 2004, quando a Baixada ganhava o notici?rio nacional a partir das elei??es municipais de Nova Igua?u, Aguinaldo Silva nos apresentou uma Baixada que mescla legalidade e ilegalidade, viol?ncia e paz, samba e jogo do bicho; e que ? redimida pela figura de uma mulher ? foi, no fim, exaltada como s?mbolo da identidade nacional.
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Estudo comparativo da produ??o de abacaxi em manejo org?nico versus manejo convencional / Comparative study of pineapple production organic management versus conventional management

BRITO, Raimundo Filho Freire de 24 April 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-09-25T18:43:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Raimundo Filho Freire de Brito.pdf: 2031633 bytes, checksum: 962c3fdf9a60155a161e8d2d14cccf3a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-25T18:43:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Raimundo Filho Freire de Brito.pdf: 2031633 bytes, checksum: 962c3fdf9a60155a161e8d2d14cccf3a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-24 / Pineapple farming has economic and social importance for the generation of employment and income. The indicators of organic pineapple production are basically non-existent. The objective of this work was to generate basic indicators on the effect of aerobic biofertilizer on the production and control of fusariosis in pineapple Ananas comosus cv. P?rola in an organic system comparing the results, from the nutritional point of view, with conventional fertilizers used. The experiment was installed in Miracema do Tocantins / TO in randomized blocks with four replicates, five treatments (4 doses of biofertilizer, control). The treatments are: (T1) biofertilizer applications every 7 days, (T2) biofertilizer applications every 14 days, (T3) biofertilizer applications every 21 days, (T4) biofertilizer application every 28 days and (T5) ) The control with conventional fertilization without biofertilizer. The variables evaluated were: Total Mass of Plants, Stem Mass, Puppy Mass, D Leaf Mass, Length and stem diameter, Peduncle and mute length, Number of Live Sheets, Number of pups, Length and Width of leaf D, Number of seedlings, vegetative and reproductive phases, in the percentage of plants with natural floral induction, fruit mass, crown mass, crown length, fruit length and diameter, number of fruit and soluble solids content. From the results obtained, the length of leaf D presented in the treatments and control values greater than 100 cm, not being influenced by the treatments, as well as the weight of leaf D, which presented average weight in the treatments of 82 g. Treatment T1 provided greater accumulation of fresh stem mass with 0.401 kg, but did not differ from T2 treatment with 0.332 kg, however, only application of the biofertilizer every seven days exceeded the Control treatment, with conventional fertilization. From the results obtained, the length of leaf D presented in the treatments and control values greater than 100 cm, not being influenced by the treatments, as well as the weight of leaf D, which presented average weight in the treatments of 82 g. Treatment T1 provided greater accumulation of fresh stem mass with 0.401 kg, but did not differ from T2 treatment with 0.332 kg, however, only application of the biofertilizer every seven days exceeded the Control treatment, with conventional fertilization. It is possible to conclude that the nutrient supply, in the vegetative phase of the pineapple, can be realized by the aerobic biofertilizer instead of the industrial soluble fertilizers; The length and mass of the leaf D, at the moment of the Artificial Floral Induction in organic cultivation, were superior to 100 cm and 80 g; The index of the weight / width ratio of the leaf D can be indicator for the accomplishment of the treatment of artificial floral induction in organic cultivation to obtain fruit of 1,2 kg or more; The weight of the fruit in organic cultivation was over 1.2 kg. / A abacaxicultura possui import?ncia econ?mica e social pela gera??o de emprego e renda. Os indicadores de produ??o do abacaxi em sistema org?nico s?o basicamente inexistentes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi gerar indicadores b?sicos sobre o efeito do biofertilizante aer?bico na produ??o e controle da fusariose no abacaxizeiro Ananas comosus cv. P?rola em sistema org?nico comparando os resultados, no ponto de vista nutricional, com aduba??es convencionais utilizadas. O experimento foi instalado em Miracema do Tocantins/TO em blocos casualizados com quatro repeti??es, sendo cinco tratamentos (4 doses de biofertilizante, controle). Os tratamentos s?o: (T1) aplica??es do biofertilizante a cada 7 dias, (T2) aplica??es do biofertilizante a cada 14 dias, (T3) aplica??es de biofertilizante a cada 21 dias, (T4) aplica??o do biofertilizante a cada 28 dias e (T5) o controle com aduba??o convencional sem biofertilizante. As vari?veis avaliadas foram: Massa Total das Plantas, Massa do caule, Massa da muda filhote, Massa da Folha D, Comprimento e di?metro do caule, Comprimento do ped?nculo e da muda filhote, N?mero de Folhas Vivas, N?mero de mudas filhote, Comprimento e largura da folha D, N?mero de muda rebent?o, Sintomas da fusariose na fase vegetativa e reprodutiva, no percentual de plantas com indu??o floral natural, Massa do fruto, Massa da coroa, Comprimento da coroa, Comprimento e di?metro do fruto, N?mero de frutilhos e Teor de s?lidos sol?veis. Pelos resultados obtidos, o comprimento da folha D apresentou nos tratamentos e controle valores superiores a 100 cm, n?o sendo influenciado pelos tratamentos, assim como o peso da folha D, que apresentou peso m?dio nos tratamentos de 82g. O tratamento T1 proporcionou maior ac?mulo de massa fresca do caule com 0,401 kg, mas n?o se diferenciou do tratamento T2 com 0,332 kg, no entanto, somente aplica??o do biofertilizante a cada sete dias superou o tratamento Controle, com aduba??o convencional. Os resultados mostram n?o haver diferen?a significativa para os valores da Massa do Fruto entre os tratamentos, sendo que todos os tratamentos com biofertilizante apresentaram valores superiores ao convencional. A baixa incid?ncia da doen?a, nas condi??es avaliadas e de padr?o aleat?rio entre os tratamentos, evidencia que doen?a, muito ocorrente na regi?o, n?o afetou os tratamentos. A rela??o entre o ?ndice: peso da folha D/Largura da folha D com o peso do fruto ? positiva e linear e, portanto, o valor para este ?ndice m?nimo de 11,7 pode-se estimar frutos com peso igual ou acima de 1,2Kg. ? poss?vel concluir que o fornecimento de nutrientes, na fase vegetativa do abacaxizeiro, pode ser realizado pelo biofertilizante aer?bio em substitui??o aos fertilizantes sol?veis industriais; o comprimento e massa da folha D, no momento da Indu??o Floral Artificial em cultivo org?nico, foram superiores a 100 cm e 80 g; o ?ndice da rela??o massa/largura da folha D pode ser indicador para realiza??o do tratamento da indu??o floral artificial em cultivo org?nico para a obten??o de frutos igual ou superior a 1,2 kg; o peso do fruto em cultivo org?nico foi superior a 1,2 kg.
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Diagn?stico sorol?gico e molecular dos agentes Anaplasmataceae em felinos dom?sticos do Rio de Janeiro / Serological diagnosis and molecular agents Anaplasmataceae in domestic cats of Rio de Janeiro

GUIMAR?ES, Andresa 21 August 2013 (has links)
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-10-19T18:19:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Andresa Guimar?es.pdf: 1221110 bytes, checksum: 80ca8363650edbb042caea761cb85083 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-19T18:19:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Andresa Guimar?es.pdf: 1221110 bytes, checksum: 80ca8363650edbb042caea761cb85083 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-21 / CAPES / CNPq / Studies of domestic cats are little discussed in Brazil, especially regarding hemoparasita research where cats can be carriers of the agent and contribute to infection of man. Anaplasmataceae agents are gram-negative bacteria found in leukocytes and platelets, in which morulae characteristic of the infection is observed. The transmission of these agents to humans and animals occurs by arthropod vectors. Sorologic diagnostic methods are emphasized, but recent studies using molecular techniques demonstrate greater sensitivity and specificity, with better characterization of the agent. The present study aims to diagnose domestic cats in Rio de Janeiro naturally infected by agents Anaplasmataceae (Ehrlichia sp., and Anaplasma sp.) by serological and molecular methods, as well as evaluate hematological changes associated with these infections to guide veterinarians in the diagnosis of these diseases. Samples of 216 animals from clinics located in cities in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro were used. The research of antibodies IgG anti-E. canis was performed by Immunofluorescence Assay (IFAT) and molecular detection of Ehrlichia sp. by nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based on 16S rRNA gene. The results demostrate that 18 (8.3%) animals were positive in the direct detection by blood smear, 57 (26.4%) seropositive and 37 (17.1%) positive by nested-PCR for Ehrlichia sp., being 91 (42.1%) positive in at least one technique. The diagnosis of A. platys was performed by real-time PCR (qPCR) and nested-PCR based on 16S rRNA and gltA genes, respectively. Seventeen animals (7.9%) showed inclusions in platelet, eight (3.7%) were positive in qPCR, two (0,9%) in nested-PCR and 23 (10.6%) cats were considered positive for A. platys in at least one technique. The detection of A. phagocytophilum was performed by qPCR based on gene msp2, however, positive animals were not observed. The most common hematologic findings in animals positive for agents Anaplasmataceae were thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, regenerative left shift, anemia and hyperproteinemia. Only one animal showed co-positivity for both agents. Regarding the associated factor, only age interfered with positivity for Ehrlichia sp., in wich younger IFAT positive animals were less prone to infection, unlike that observed in the nested-PCR in which the younger had higher positivity. Only two positive samples in the nested-PCR for E. canis were subjected to sequencing. One sequence demonstrated 100% similarity with isolates of Ehrlichia sp. and E. canis and another showed 99% similarity with isolates of Ehrlichia sp. ocelot and Ehrlichia sp. little-spotted-cat. The two positive samples in the nested-PCR for A. platys demonstrated 100% similarity with isolates of A. platys reported in advanced. The present work demonstrates the circulation of agents Anaplasmataceae in domestic cats in Rio de Janeiro. / Estudos com felinos dom?sticos s?o pouco abordados no Brasil, principalmente em rela??o ? pesquisa de hemoparasitoses, em que os gatos podem ser portadores do agente e contribuir para infec??o do homem. Os agentes Anaplasmataceae s?o bact?rias gram-negativas que s?o encontradas em leuc?citos, plaquetas ou eritr?citos, formando m?rulas, caracter?sticas de sua infec??o. A transmiss?o desses agentes para o homem e animais ocorre principalmente por vetores artr?podes. Como m?todo diagn?stico ressalta-se a sorologia, por?m estudos recentes utilizando diagn?stico molecular demonstram maior sensibilidade e especificidade, com melhor caracteriza??o do agente. O presente estudo tem como objetivo diagnosticar felinos dom?sticos do Rio de Janeiro infectados naturalmente por agentes Anaplasmataceae (Ehrlichia sp. e Anaplasma sp.) por meio de m?todos sorol?gico e molecular, bem como avaliar as altera??es hematol?gicas associadas a estas infec??es. Foram utilizadas amostras de 216 animais, provenientes de cl?nicas localizadas em cidades da Regi?o Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. A pesquisa de anticorpos IgG anti-E. canis foi realizada pela Rea??o de Imunofluoresc?ncia Indireta (RIFI) e a detec??o molecular de Ehrlichia sp., pela nested Rea??o em Cadeia da Polimerase (nested-PCR) baseada no gene 16s rRNA. Os resultados demonstraram que 18 (8,3%) animais foram positivos na detec??o direta pelo esfrega?o sangu?neo, 57 (26,4%) soropositivos e 37 (17,1%) positivos na nested-PCR para Ehrlichia sp., sendo 91 (42,1%) considerados positivos para Ehrlichia sp. em pelo menos uma t?cnica. O diagn?stico de A. platys foi efetuado pela PCR em tempo real (qPCR) e nested-PCR baseada nos genes gltA e 16S rRNA, respectivamente. Dezessete animais (7,9%) apresentaram inclus?es em plaquetas, oito (3,7%) foram positivos na qPCR, dois (0,9%) na nested-PCR e 23 (10,6%) animais foram considerados positivos para A. platys em pelo menos uma t?cnica. A pesquisa de A. phagocytophilum foi realizada por meio da qPCR baseada no gene msp2; no entanto, n?o foram observados animais positivos. Os achados hematol?gicos mais frequentes nos animais positivos para agentes Anaplasmataceae foram trombocitopenia, leucocitose, neutrofilia, desvio ? esquerda regenerativo, anemia e hiperproteinemia. Apenas um animal apresentou co-positividade para ambos os agentes. Em rela??o aos dados associados, somente a idade interferiu na positividade para Ehrlichia sp., sendo na RIFI os animais mais jovens menos predispostos ? infec??o, ao contr?rio do observado na nested-PCR em que os mais jovens apresentaram maior ?ndice de positividade. Apenas duas amostras positivas na nested-PCR para E. canis foram submetidas ao sequenciamento, sendo que uma sequ?ncia apresentou 100% de similaridade com isolados de Ehrlichia sp. e E. canis e a outra demonstrou 99% de similaridade com isolados de Ehrlichia sp. ocelot e Ehrlichia sp. little-spotted-cat. As duas amostras positivas na nested-PCR para A. platys apresentaram 100% de similaridade com isolados de A. platys previamente descritos. O presente trabalho demonstra, portanto, a ocorr?ncia de agentes Anaplasmataceae na popula??o de felinos dom?sticos do Rio de Janeiro.

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