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Reassessing civil control of the South African armed servicesHepburn, Clyde Brad January 2016 (has links)
A research report submitted to the Faculty of Management, University of the Witwatersrand, in 50% fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Management (in the Field of Security). March 2016 / Defence Review 2015 concluded that the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) was in a “critical state of decline”, faced imminent and irreversible loss of capabilities and questioned its ability to meet all of its ordered defence commitments (Department of Defence, 2015c, pp. ix; 99). This is a grave indictment considering it is entrusted with the constitutional mandate to defend the Republic (Republic of South Africa, 1996, Sec 200). This begs the question “what went wrong?” Causes raised include the apparent disjuncture between the defence mandate and budget. It is unlikely, however that the blame can be attributed to a funding shortfall and overly ambitious defence mandate, alone. Some question whether a flawed institutional civil control structure might be to blame for compromising military command and thereby the ability of the armed forces to ensure effective defence. Did the new government go too far in imposing robust civil control over the SANDF in 1994, effectively emasculating the SANDF? Alternatively is the selected model for South Africa’s civil control and oversight regimes simply inappropriate or otherwise ineffective? Whether the failure lies with the selected model itself or in its execution are issues that were examined in the study.
This study takes as its point of departure, various Defence Review 2015 policy proposals that, it was argued, point to deeper flaws in the institutional civil-military arrangements within the DOD. As such, they are fundamental to our understanding of the civil control challenges confronting the DOD and the formulation of policy options and recommendations. What the study highlighted was that the ultimate challenge for the DOD could be reduced in simple terms to finding an agreeable solution that would satisfy both the statutory civil control precepts and the Chief SANDF’s desire for freedom from undue interference with his executive military command. Central to the entire civil control debate is of course the balance DOD design, around which the DOD transformation project is structured, and the role of the Sec Def in exercising civil control in a ‘collaborative relationship’ with the Chief SANDF. There is general consensus that the balance DOD design has
1 Colonel C.B. Hepburn, late of the Transvaal Scottish, is employed on a term contract as Deputy Director Departmental Performance Monitoring and Evaluation; Defence Policy, Strategy and Planning Division; Defence Secretariat. His staffing at the integrated Defence Head Office provided him with access to the strategic level of defence policy decision-making and daily engagement with senior leaders at the point of interface between the ‘civilian’ Defence Secretariat and the Defence Force. The views expressed in this student academic research paper are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defence or any other agency of the South African government.
C.B. HEPBURN 416498
failed to live up to expectations and that it has proven difficult to establish and maintain the optimum balance between civil control and an effective armed service. What is equally obvious is that even after more than two decades of democratic consolidation; the DOD has yet to complete its transformation. If Defence Review 2015 is anything to go by then it can be expected that the process is set to continue for at least the next 25 years.
That civil control remains a contested concept within the DOD is not in doubt. The solutions may be elusive; however, there is strong evidence that the answers lie more with how the Def Sec should be capacitated rather than the current focus on repositioning to better enable civil control of defence and to perform the duty assigned to it. Structural issues are clearly a factor and should indeed be dealt with in the broader DOD reorganisation. Nonetheless, there is a strong argument presented that instead of restructuring, better use should be made of performance agreements, delegations and detailed instructions. Given that the DOD is recognised in law as a ‘special case’, there should be a strong legal argument for amending the applicable legislation to make provision for a ‘special delegation regime’ or performance agreements, as a solution to the DOD’s immediate needs for providing an effective armed service.
Keywords: Civil control; oversight; Defence Review 2015; South African National Defence Force; armed services; budget; civil-military relations; Constitutional mandate; defence ministry, military command and control, defence secretariat. / GR2018
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Explaining unilateralism in foreign security policy : the case of Japan’s withdrawal from the Washington System, 1922-1936 / Comprendre l’unilatéralisme dans les politiques étrangères en matière de sécurité : le cas du retrait japonais du système de Washington, 1922-1936Fatton, Lionel P. 17 September 2015 (has links)
Cette thèse analyse les raisons qui ont poussé le Japon à se retirer en 1936 du système de contrôle des armements navals établis en 1922. La littérature sur le sujet est particulièrement pauvre pour ce qui est de la science politique et ne parvient pas à systématiser les différentes variables afin de mieux comprendre l’extrême complexité du processus de décision japonais. Appréhender ce processus permet d'aborder une problématique plus générale, qui est de comprendre pourquoi les états mettent fin à des relations de nature coopérative, préférant poursuivre une politique de sécurité unilatérale malgré les coûts que cela peut engendrer. Le modèle théorique de cette thèse propose l’hypothèse suivante: certains changements dans le système international affectent l'influence relative des différentes institutions domestiques prenant part à la formulation des politiques étrangères. En cas de tensions internationales, l'expertise des forces armées prend de l’importance pour la formulation des politiques étrangères. Dans un tel scénario, il est probable que le pays se retire de l'accord de contrôle des armements si ses forces armées s’opposent au maintien de cet accord. Les forces armées désavouent l'accord si ce dernier est intrusif dans des domaines relevant de l'expertise de l’institution militaire au point de menacer sa capacité à répondre à une nouvelle menace extérieure. Le degré d'influence des forces armées et l'intensité du conflit entre militaires et civils pour ce qui concerne la politique de défense nationale constituent les deux variables qui déterminent la propension d'un état à privilégier une approche unilatérale de sa politique étrangère en matière de sécurité. / This thesis aims at assessing the causes of Japan's decision to withdraw in 1936 from the so-called Washington system of naval arms control. The existing literature is weak in the field of political science and fails to efficiently systematize the different variables to understand the highly complex Japanese decision-making process. To better understand this process helps in addressing a more general question: Why do states choose to pursue an independent and unilateral foreign security policy instead of a cooperative approach, despite the cost a withdrawal may engender? This thesis' theoretical framework is based on the academic literature on civil-military relations, and proposes the following hypothesis: Changes in the international system affect the relative influence different domestic institutions have on the formulation of foreign policy. In case of emerging international tensions, the military’s expertise acquires new importance for the formulation of foreign policy. In such a scenario, the arms control agreement does not survive if the military establishment advocates against the maintenance of the agreement. The military establishment opposes the agreement if it is so intrusive into its traditional sphere of responsibility that it negatively affects its ability to deal with a worsening security environment. The level of influence the military establishment possesses over the formulation of foreign security policy and the intensity of conflict in civil-military relations are the two variables of the thesis, which account for a state's propensity to privilege a unilateral approach to its foreign security policy.
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O testemunho e suas formas : historiografia, literatura, documentário (Brasil, 1964-2017) / The testimony and its forms : historiography, literature, documentary (Brazil, 1964-2017)Vargas, Mariluci Cardoso de January 2018 (has links)
A tese O testemunho e suas formas: historiografia, literatura, documentário (Brasil, 1964-2017) tem por objetivo compreender as formas de expressão do testemunho da resistência à ditadura civil-militar brasileira e, especialmente, de descendentes imediatos da geração que enfrentou o autoritarismo. A pesquisa percorre a literatura elaborada em primeira pessoa e a filmografia que utiliza o testemunho como figura central ou coadjuvante. O panorama destaca os relatos em torno de trajetórias dos que se opuseram ao regime, os quais incluem os registros de filhas(os) acerca de suas lembranças ou do que lhes fora contado sobre as experiências de seus pais. No entendimento de que o cinema é um dos vetores da lembrança que compõe a memória pública sobre as ditaduras do Cone Sul, a análise proposta por essa pesquisa emerge dos filmes Diário de uma Busca (2010) e Os dias com ele (2013), roteirizados e dirigidos, respectivamente, pelas cineastas Flávia Castro e Maria Clara Escobar, filhas de atingidos pela repressão ditatorial. Os conteúdos abordados pelos longas-metragens trazem à luz questões de ordem teórica e metodológica em torno do testemunho articulado em documentários e as (im)possibilidades de retratar essas experiências. As análises serão orientadas pela tríade proposta por Michel de Certeau (1974) acerca da operação historiográfica, retomada por Paul Ricoeur (2000), nas suas reflexões sobre a epistemologia da história e por Sylvie Lindeperg (1996) em investigações sobre filmes, para os quais propõe uma operação cinematográfica. Na primeira parte, o enfoque está na configuração do testemunho para a historiografia após a Shoah e sua referência para os estudos dirigidos às ditaduras. Desse modo, proponho que no Brasil após o golpe de 1964, as declarações testemunhais foram originadas em diferentes condições, que caracterizo como voluntária, obrigada, convocada e induzida por um dever de justiça. Por fim, apresento o testemunho sobrevivente na literatura e no cinema desde o golpe civil-militar até 2017. Na segunda parte, centralizo as discussões nos filmes selecionados e abordo o percurso testemunhal provocado pelos protagonistas de Os dias com ele em que apontam o fragmentário retrato da tortura. Além disso, identifico as tensões entre as narrativas testemunhais em Diário de uma busca e o itinerário sobre as lacunas que permeiam a trama. No intuito de desenvolver as problemáticas elencadas, foram cotejados, além dos filmes selecionados, entrevistas cedidas pelas cineastas à autora desta tese, notícias e reportagens veiculadas pela imprensa, documentos elaborados pelos órgãos de repressão da ditadura civil-militar brasileira, relatórios ou acervos dos projetos estatais de memória e reparação. Destaco que a conjunção de lembranças que conferem forma ao testemunho sobrevivente, aportada nas narrativas originadas em condições voluntárias, permite a circularidade da experiência individual, bem como de suas marcas subjetivas, para o vivido partilhado socialmente.O tema familiar que reside, invariavelmente, na perspectiva filial irrompe nas imagens dos documentários, os quais propõem uma quebra dos silêncios históricos, pessoais e infinitos para si e para o país. Assim, os testemunhos dos descendentes daquela oposição ao inscreverem seus enfrentamentos em favor do inaudito contribuem, igualmente, para uma forma de representação da história. / The thesis The testimony and its forms: historiography, literature, documentary (Brazil, 1964-2017) aims at understating the shape that testimonies regarding the resistance to the Brazilian civil military dictatorship took, and, especially, those of the direct descendants of the generation who fought authoritarianism. This research goes through literary discourses narrated in the first person and the filmography that focuses on testimony as a central or tangential aspect of the narrative. The overview of this analysis highlights reports on the trajectories of those who opposed the dictatorial regime, including records of daughters and sons sharing their memories of stories about their parents’ experience. Provided that cinema is one of the vectors of remembrance that constitutes public memory on dictatorship regimes of the Southern Cone, the proposed analysis in this research stems from the films Diário de uma Busca (“Diary, Letters, Revolutions”) from 2010 and Os dias com ele (“The Days With Him”) from 2013, written and directed by filmmakers Flávia Castro and Maria Clara Escobar, respectively. Both are daughters of people who suffered dictatorial repression. The content of both feature films brings light to questions of theoretical and methodological nature, when it comes to testimony articulated into documentary form and the (in)possibilities to portray such experiences. These analyses are oriented by the triad proposed by Michel de Certeau (1974) on the historiographical operation, took up by Paul Ricoeur (2000), on his reflections about epistemology of History, and by Sylvie Lindeperg (1996) in her investigations about movies, in which she proposes a cinematic operation. First, the focus is on the configuration of testimony to the historiography after Shoah and its centrality to the studies about dictatorships. Along these lines, my proposition is that, in Brazil after the military coup of 1964, the testimonial declarations arose from different conditions, ones that I characterize as voluntary, obligated, summoned and induced by a duty of justice. Lastly, I present the survival testimony in literature and cinema since the civil military coup until 2017. Secondly, I condense the debate on the selected films, and approach the fragmented portrayal of torture pointed out by the path of testimony raised by the protagonists of Os dias com ele. Furthermore, I identify the tensions between testimonial narratives and the itinerary of the gaps that permeate the plot in Diário de uma busca. Having in mind the goal to explore all the former problems, I analyzed, besides the selected films, interviews I conducted with the filmmakers, media news and reports, documents produced by official repression enforcement offices and reports or archives of State projects on memory and atonement. I highlight that the combination of memories that shape the survival testimony produced in the narratives, originated in voluntary conditions, allows a circularity of individual experiences - and their subjective traces - to the socially shared living experiences. The familiar topic that invariably resides in the narrative perspective of the direct descendants comes to light in the images of the documentaries, and proposes a crack in historical silences, personal and infinite both individually and for the country. Therefore, the testimony of daughters and sons of the generation who opposed the regime also contribute, by inscribing themselves into the unprecedented, with a way of historical representation.
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Cultura escolar e educa??o no contexto da Ditadura: Feira de Santana (1968-1974)Almeida, Aritana Lima de 31 August 2017 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2017-08-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The present work for the purpose, some paths covered by Brazilian education during the part of the period of greater rigidity of the civil-military regime and the way in which the ideals of conservation of the order established by dictatorship and its economic interests were reflected in teaching and culture school in the city of Feira de Santana. The analysis began in 1968, when Institutional Act No. 5 (AI-5) entered into force - when the civil-military dictatorship became more difficult, when surveillance, censorship and repression no longer existed. were veiled, but clear and cruel, and ended in 1974, as the year in which the so-called "economic miracle" ended, with an oil crisis. During the period under study, new regulations were introduced for basic and higher education, reflecting education and conservation and authoritarian state, making clear in their purposes that they aimed at building a liberal economic program and a passive and uncritical society. As legislation, education and integration of education through a critical, reflective and transformative education. The work was carried out from a case study at the Feirense Municipal Gymnasium Joselito Amorim school. The school was created in 1963, during the administration of the mayor Francisco Pinto, with the name of Municipal Gymnasium of Feira de Santana and it underwent a first hearing of the dictatorial regime soon in the following year, in 1964 with a dismissal of the mayor and appointment of Joselito Amorim to take charge, which started the construction of a new school building and points to the name of Joselito Amorim Municipal Gymnasium. The school became, therefore, a space of political conflicts, not which, through the teaching, an educated ideal of society was disputed for subjects to be formed. Oral sources, interviews with former students of the school, and photos of the city during the period studied were sent. In the first moment of the work, ruptures and continuities in education from the 1960s onwards are discussed, considering the influences exerted by the authoritarian State that was established in Brazil after 1964. In order to consolidate its ideals of development, homeland and nation, education was put under the control and surveillance of the security organs and had their curricula reformulated at all levels of education, becoming increasingly uncritical and technical, to provide more effective workforce for a developing industry. In-hand of the City of Feira de Santana during the 1960s and 1970s, addressing local politics, in line with the national political context and its influence on education movements in the city. Finally, they are addressed as memories of the subjects who experienced the education in the Municipal Gym Joselito Amorim during the period cut in the research. The memories brought by them are extremely important for an understanding of school everyday and the political elements that permeated the school culture without the end of the 1960s and the first time of the 1970s in the city of Feira de Santana. / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo compreender alguns caminhos percorridos pela educa??o brasileira durante parte do per?odo de maior rigidez do regime civil-militar e a maneira como os ideais de conserva??o da ordem estabelecida pela ditadura e seus interesses econ?micos se refletiram no ensino e na cultura escolar na cidade baiana de Feira de Santana. A an?lise inicia-se a partir de 1968, ano em que entrou em vigor o Ato Institucional n? 5 (AI-5) ? quando a ditadura civil-militar tornou-se mais dura, quando a vigil?ncia, a censura e a repress?o j? n?o eram veladas, mas sim, n?tidas e cru?is ?, e finda em 1974, por ser o ano em que se encerra o per?odo do chamado ?milagre econ?mico?, com a crise do petr?leo. Durante o per?odo estudado, foram institu?das novas regulamenta??es para o ensino b?sico e superior, refletindo na educa??o o car?ter conservador e autorit?rio do Estado, deixando claros os seus prop?sitos que almejavam a constru??o de um programa econ?mico de car?ter liberal e uma sociedade passiva e acr?tica. As legisla??es de ensino implementadas durante a ditadura abortaram mais uma vez movimentos de transforma??es na educa??o, que vinham sendo constru?dos por educadores, militantes e intelectuais da educa??o por um ensino cr?tico, reflexivo e transformador. O trabalho foi realizado a partir de um estudo de caso na escola feirense Gin?sio Municipal Joselito Amorim. A escola foi criada em 1963, durante a gest?o do prefeito Francisco Pinto, com o nome de Gin?sio Municipal de Feira de Santana e sofreu a primeira interven??o do regime ditatorial logo no ano seguinte, em 1964 com a destitui??o do prefeito e a nomea??o de Joselito Amorim para exercer o cargo, que inciou a constru??o de um novo pr?dio escolar e deu ? escola o nome de Gin?sio Municipal Joselito Amorim. A escola tornou-se, assim, um espa?o de conflitos pol?ticos, no qual se disputava, atrav?s do ensino, um ideal de sociedade pra os sujeitos a serem formados. Foram utilizadas fontes orais, entrevistas com ex-alunos da escola, e fotografias da cidade no per?odo estudado. No primeiro momento o trabalho s?o discutidas rupturas e continuidades na educa??o a partir dos anos de 1960, atentando para as influ?ncias exercidas pelo Estado autorit?rio que se firmou no Brasil ap?s 1964. A fim de consolidar seus ideais de desenvolvimento, p?tria e na??o, a educa??o foi posta sob o controle e vigil?ncia dos ?rg?os de seguran?a e tiveram seus curr?culos reformulados em todos os n?veis de ensino, tornando-se cada vez mais acr?tica e tecnicista, para fornecer m?o de obra mais eficaz para a ind?stria que se desenvolvia. Em seguida trata da cidade de Feira de Santana durante as d?cadas de 1960 e 1970, abordando aspectos da pol?tica local, em conson?ncia com o contexto pol?tico nacional, e sua influ?ncia nos movimentos da educa??o na cidade. Por fim s?o abordadas as mem?rias dos sujeitos que vivenciaram a educa??o no Gin?sio Municipal Joselito Amorim durante o per?odo recortado nesta pesquisa. As mem?rias trazidas por eles s?o de extrema import?ncia para a compreens?o do cotidiano escolar e dos elementos pol?ticos que permeavam a cultura escolar no final da d?cada de 1960 e primeira metade da d?cada de 1970 na cidade de Feira de Santana.
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Experi?ncias forjadas a ferro e fogo: religiosidade, organicidade e luta pela terra no extremo sul da bahia no contexto da ditadura civil-militar (1978-1985)Alves, Leonardo do Amaral 28 August 2017 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2017-08-28 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia - FAPEB / The struggles for land tenure in the extreme south of Bahia occurred in a scenario of transformations of the agrarian structure throughout Brazil, which led to the emergence of conflicts in the countryside. These confrontations, in turn, in cases like the one of this baiana region had the interference of the Catholic Church, who acted in the organization of rural workers, settlers, small proprietors and fishermen, so that they could deal with the ongoing capitalist offensive. Moreover, the actions of the clergy extrapolated the actions of an organizational, character enabling their direct involvement in conflicts, which resulted in threats from ranchers to a priest and bomb attacks on a church, in vigilance of the activities of the Diocese of Caravelas by the National Information Service (NIS), as well as the targeting of violence to rural populations in the region, with beatings, torture and arbitrary arrests, but also with confrontations by rural workers, settlers, smallholders, in different spheres of social and political life and with the constant support of the bishop of the Diocese of Caravelas, dom Filipe Tiago Broers and some religious like frei Elias Hooij and priest Jos? Koopmans / As lutas pela posse da terra no Extremo Sul da Bahia ocorreram num cen?rio de transforma??es da estrutura agr?ria em todo o Brasil, o que levou ? emerg?ncia de conflitos no campo. Estes confrontos, por sua vez, em casos como o desta regi?o baiana tiveram a interfer?ncia da Igreja Cat?lica, que atuou na organiza??o dos trabalhadores rurais, posseiros, pequenos propriet?rios e pescadores, a fim de que pudessem fazer frente ? ofensiva capitalista em curso. Al?m do mais, as a??es do clero extrapolaram as a??es de car?ter organizativo, ensejando seu envolvimento direto nos conflitos, o que resultou em amea?as de fazendeiros a um padre e ataques de bombas em uma igreja, em vigil?ncia das atividades da Diocese de Caravelas pelo Servi?o Nacional de Informa??es (SNI), bem como implicou no direcionamento da viol?ncia ?s popula??es rurais da regi?o, com espancamentos, torturas e pris?es arbitr?rias, mas tamb?m com enfrentamentos por parte dos trabalhadores rurais e pequenos propriet?rios em diferentes ?mbitos da vida social e pol?tica e com o apoio constante do bispo da Diocese de Caravelas, dom Filipe Tiago Broers e alguns religiosos como frei Elias Hooij e padre Jos? Koopmans
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Teatro de Dança Galpão: experimentações em dança e práticas de resistência durante a ditadura civil-militar no BrasilOsório, Sofia do Amaral 18 June 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015-06-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In the 1970s, the scenic dance production in São Paulo underwent a major shift. Many artists and groups have departed from the tradition of ballet to try other techniques and invent other ways of thinking and doing dance. In this context, it was created the first space fully dedicated to dance in the city: the Galpão Theatre of Dance. The place was rented by the State Department of Culture and made possible the meeting of people interested in experiments and inventions in dance, serving as a rehearsal and presentation space. In addition, offered free courses from which spectacles were produced, in which choreographers worked together and from what was brought by the students. One of these pieces were Pulsations (1975), choreographed by Celia Gouvêa for the first class of Galpão s students.
Through a genealogical analysis mainly based on interviews with people who participated in this event, this research aims to observe the potency of the Galpão experience, from the making of Pulsations, in the context of repression of artistic expressions and practices of freedom of civil-military dictatorship in Brazil / Na década de 1970, a produção de dança cênica em São Paulo passou por um grande deslocamento: muitos artistas e grupos afastavam-se da tradição do balé para experimentar outras técnicas e inventar outras formas de pensar e fazer dança. Neste contexto, foi criado o primeiro espaço inteiramente dedicado à dança na cidade: o Teatro de Dança Galpão. Alugado pela Secretaria de Estado de Cultura, o espaço possibilitou a reunião de pessoas interessadas em experimentações e invenções na dança, servindo como local de ensaio e apresentação de trabalhos. Além disso, ofereceu-se cursos gratuitos a partir dos quais foram produzidos espetáculos nos quais coreógrafos trabalhavam junto e a partir do que era trazido pelos alunos. Um desses espetáculos foi Pulsações (1975), coreografado por Célia Gouvêa para a primeira turma de alunos do Galpão.
Por meio de uma análise genealógica baseada principalmente em entrevistas com pessoas que participaram deste acontecimento, esta pesquisa pretende observar a potência da experiência do Galpão, a partir da realização de Pulsações, no contexto da repressão às expressões artísticas contestadoras e às práticas de liberdade da ditadura civil-militar no Brasil
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Vidas silenciadas pela ditadura civil-militar brasileira : o traumático e a potência da escritaItaquy, Gabriela Weber January 2015 (has links)
A violência exercida durante a ditadura civil-militar brasileira acarretou inúmeros não-ditos sociais produzindo um trauma social, além do trauma individual dos sujeitos que sofreram diretamente com a violência imposta e o desaparecimento dos seus familiares. Dessa forma, diante dos efeitos deste traumático, passamos a questionar, apoiados na teoria psicanalítica, as possíveis formas de transmissão e de linguagem do mesmo. Por meio de um olhar utópico, buscamos apresentar uma contra-história da ditadura, esboçada através dos testemunhos e dos recolhimentos dos restos e rastros de uma história singular, a vida silenciada de Ana Rosa Kucinski que foi morta e desaparecida política. As narrativas dadas à Comissão Nacional da Verdade ajudaram nesse percurso e demarcaram a importância dos arquivos. Do mesmo modo, a literatura ficcional e testemunhal do livro K: relato de uma busca (2014a), de Bernardo Kucinski, também demostrou a relevância da criação como um modo de enfrentamento do sem forma imposto pela violência. Assim, acreditamos na potência do testemunho e da escrita enquanto formas de transmissão e historicização do traumático. / The violence exercised during the Brazilian’s civil-military dictatorship led to a inumerous social´s unsaid producing a social trauma, beside the subject´s individual trauma that directly suffered with the imposed violence and the disappearance of their family. Thereby, against trauma´s effect, we start to ask, supported by the psychoanalytic theory, the possible forms of transmission and language of the same. Through a utopian´s look, we seek to present a counter-history of the dictatorship, outlined by the testimonials and the gathering of the remains and tracks of a singular history, the silenced life of Ana Rosa Kucinski, wich was killed and political missing. The narratives which was given to the “Comissão Nacional da Verdade” helped in this path and marked out the importance of the files. In the same way, the fictional and testimonial literature of the Bernardo Kucinski´s book “K: Relato de uma busca” (2014a), also demonstrated the relevance of creation as a way to facing the shapeless imposed by the violence. We believe in the power of the testimonial and writing as a form of transmission and historicizing the traumatic.
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Os livros didáticos de Geografia no período da ditadura civil-militar brasileira (1964-1985): quando o ensino serviu, em primeiro lugar, para forjar a ideia de país grande, país potência e em constante desenvolvimento / The geography textbooks in the period of the Brazilian civil-military dictatorship (1964-1985): when the school served, first, to forge the idea of "big country, country power and constantly developIsabella Belmiro Araujo 11 February 2015 (has links)
O principal objetivo da pesquisa foi averiguar o quanto o ensino da disciplina de Geografia, por meio dos manuais escolares, contribuiu para forjar a ideia de país grande e em constante desenvolvimento no período da ditadura civil-militar brasileira (1964-1985). Para isso, tornou-se necessário analisar a influência do mercado editorial, os processos educacionais do período, as legislações, os materiais adquiridos pelo(s) governo(s) e distribuídos entre as escolas e, consequentemente, analisar as ideologias que os governos militares pretenderam passar por meio das obras didáticas. Para viabilizar esse estudo, discutimos a importância da pesquisa em livros didáticos e desenvolvemos uma breve análise do uso dos manuais escolares em períodos anteriores e posteriores ao golpe, com a finalidade de investigar mudanças e permanências nos discursos ideológicos / The main objective of the research was to investigate how the teaching of Geography discipline, through textbooks, contributed to forge the idea of "big country and constantly develop" in the period of the Brazilian civil-military dictatorship (1964-1985). For this, it was necessary to analyze the influence of the publishing market, the educational processes of the period, the laws, the materials acquired by the (s) government (s) and distributed among schools and hence analyze the ideologies that the military governments They intended to pass through textbooks. To make this study, we discuss the importance of research in textbooks and develop a brief analysis of the use of textbooks in periods before and after the coup, in order to investigate changes and continuities in ideological discourses
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Paul Aussaresses: um general francês na ditadura brasileira (um estudo de caso) / Paul Aussaresses: a french general acting in the Brazilian dictatorship (a study of case)Luciano Felipe dos Santos 07 August 2014 (has links)
Esta dissertação analisa as memórias do general e agente secreto francês, Paul Aussaresses, veterano da Resistência Francesa na Segunda Guerra Mundial e das guerras da Indochina (1946-1954) e da Argélia (1954-1962). Sua competência como agente de informação adquirida nesses eventos o tornaram elemento importante dentro dos Serviços Secretos franceses. Em virtude de sua especialidade, a doutrina da guerra revolucionária um método militar não convencional de luta contra insurgentes que pressupõe prisões arbitrárias, tortura, execuções sumárias e terror psicológico sobre a população Aussaresses ministrou cursos na escola de agentes especiais norte-americana, Fort Bragg, na Carolina do Norte, entre 1961 e 1963 (no contexto da Guerra do Vietnã), bem como no Brasil durante a ditadura civil-militar, onde foi adido entre 1973 e 1975. Além disso, comerciou armas e realizou missões delicadas pela França em diversos países. Foi um anônimo até os 82 anos quando, em novembro de 2000, deu ao jornal Le Monde um depoimento sobre as torturas e execuções sumárias sistemáticas que praticara na Argélia. Suas memórias, publicados depois disso, mostram outra imagem da França, bem como desvendaram seu sistema de ação durante a Guerra Fria. No primeiro capítulo, fazemos uma descrição do seu contexto de atuação profissional. No segundo, analisamos suas memórias propriamente ditas, tirando delas o modus operandi dos franceses no contexto da Guerra Fria. No terceiro, analisamos a influência francesa nas forças armadas brasileiras bem como as relações entre a ditadura brasileira e a democracia francesa, com foco nas questões militares e econômicas sugeridas pelas memórias do General / This dissertation analyzes the memories of the General and french secret agent, Paul Aussaresses, veteran of the French Resistance in World War II and the wars in Indochina (1946-1954) and Algeria (1954-1962). His competence as information agent, acquired in these events, turned him an important element within the French Secret Service. Because of his specialty: the doctrine of revolutionary war (an unconventional military method of fighting against insurgents, that assumes arbitrary arrests, torture, summary executions and psychological terror on the population), Aussaresses taught courses in the North American school of special agents, in Fort Bragg, North Carolina, between the years of 1961 and 1963 (in the context of the Vietnam War), as well as in Brazil during the civil-military dictatorship, where he was military attaché between 1973 and 1975. Moreover, he traded weapons and conducted, to France, undercover missions in several countries. He lived in anonymity until 82 years old when, In November of 2000, he gave to the newspaper Le Monde a testimonial about the systematic torture and summary executions that had practiced in Algeria. His memories, published after this, show another image of France as well as uncovered its system of military action during the Cold War. In the first chapter of this dissertation, we make a description of the context of his professional practice. In the second, we analyze his memories, extracting them the modus operandi of the France in the context of the Cold War. In the third, we analyze the french influence in the brazilian armed forces and the relations between the brazilian dictatorship and french democracy, always with the focus in the military and economic matters suggested by the memories of the General Aussaresses
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Teatro de Dança Galpão: experimentações em dança e práticas de resistência durante a ditadura civil-militar no BrasilOsório, Sofia do Amaral 18 June 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015-06-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In the 1970s, the scenic dance production in São Paulo underwent a major shift. Many artists and groups have departed from the tradition of ballet to try other techniques and invent other ways of thinking and doing dance. In this context, it was created the first space fully dedicated to dance in the city: the Galpão Theatre of Dance. The place was rented by the State Department of Culture and made possible the meeting of people interested in experiments and inventions in dance, serving as a rehearsal and presentation space. In addition, offered free courses from which spectacles were produced, in which choreographers worked together and from what was brought by the students. One of these pieces were Pulsations (1975), choreographed by Celia Gouvêa for the first class of Galpão s students.
Through a genealogical analysis mainly based on interviews with people who participated in this event, this research aims to observe the potency of the Galpão experience, from the making of Pulsations, in the context of repression of artistic expressions and practices of freedom of civil-military dictatorship in Brazil / Na década de 1970, a produção de dança cênica em São Paulo passou por um grande deslocamento: muitos artistas e grupos afastavam-se da tradição do balé para experimentar outras técnicas e inventar outras formas de pensar e fazer dança. Neste contexto, foi criado o primeiro espaço inteiramente dedicado à dança na cidade: o Teatro de Dança Galpão. Alugado pela Secretaria de Estado de Cultura, o espaço possibilitou a reunião de pessoas interessadas em experimentações e invenções na dança, servindo como local de ensaio e apresentação de trabalhos. Além disso, ofereceu-se cursos gratuitos a partir dos quais foram produzidos espetáculos nos quais coreógrafos trabalhavam junto e a partir do que era trazido pelos alunos. Um desses espetáculos foi Pulsações (1975), coreografado por Célia Gouvêa para a primeira turma de alunos do Galpão.
Por meio de uma análise genealógica baseada principalmente em entrevistas com pessoas que participaram deste acontecimento, esta pesquisa pretende observar a potência da experiência do Galpão, a partir da realização de Pulsações, no contexto da repressão às expressões artísticas contestadoras e às práticas de liberdade da ditadura civil-militar no Brasil
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