Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse concernent la modélisation des aspectssocioculturels et temporels pour permettre aux communautés sénégalaises departager et de co-construire leur connaissances socioculturelles. En effet, avecla mondialisation la nouvelle génération sénégalaise a de moins en moins deconnaissances sur son environnement socioculturel. Ainsi, nous avons initié lamise en place d'une application en ligne pour permettre à nos concitoyens departager et de co-construire leur patrimoine socioculturel.Nos propositions s'appuient sur les technologies du Web social et du Websémantique. En effet, le Web social propose un cadre à tout utilisateur pourparticiper à la création de contenu. Le Web sémantique rend accessible lesressources aux agents logiciels pour une meilleure recherche et partaged'informations. La combinaison de ces deux technologies permet auxcommunautés sénégalaises de partager et de co-construire leur patrimoineculturel dans un cadre collaboratif et sémantique.Nos contributions consistent à (i) proposer des ontologies pour annoter desressources socioculturelles et (ii) proposer un cadre collaboratif auxcommunautés sénégalaises. Les ontologies représentent le socle du Websémantique et permettent de caractériser un domaine. Ainsi, nous avonsdéfini : 1) une ontologie socioculturelle reposant sur la théorie historicoculturellede l'activité et 2) une ontologie temporelle. Nous avons égalementdéfini les communautés de co-élaboration de connaissances culturelles etproposé un prototype qui intègre les différentes contributions / Temporal aspects to allow Senegalese communities to share and to co-constructtheir sociocultural knowledge. Indeed, with the globalization it is very commonto meet Senegalese youth knowing more about the geography of the West thanits own country. Thus, to refresh the memory of our fellow citizens, we initiatedthe establishment of an online application that allows them to share and coconstructtheir cultural heritage.Our proposals are based on social and semantic web technologies. indeed,social web proposes a framework where value is created by the aggregation ofmany individual user contributions. The semantic web enables to find, tocombine and to share resources, not only between humans but also betweenmachines. The combination of these two technologies enables Senegalesecommunities to share and co-construct their cultural heritage in a collaborativeand semantic framework.Our contributions include to (i) propose ontologies to annotate socioculturalresources and (ii) provide a collaborative framework to Senegalesecommunities. Ontologies are backbone of the semantic web and allow tocharacterize a domain. Thus, we defined two ontologies : 1) a socioculturalontology based on cultural-historical activity theory and 2) a temporal ontologyto annotate temporally sociocultural resources. We also defined a virtualcommunity called cultural knowledge-building community and proposed aprototype that integrates our contributions

Given the strong emphasis on plurality, which is so characteristic of current masculinity studies, the relationship between masculinity as a concept and its plural forms has to be rethought. If we conceive of masculinity as having a largely discursive and narrative structure and accept that narrative is an ontological condition of social life which exemplarily manifests itself in literature and the arts, it is precisely here that a plethora of narratives of masculinity becomes ‘visible’, with the performative function of narrative allowing for a variety of new masculine gender identities and subject positions that only become available through their conception in literature/the arts.

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Confrontés à de nouvelles réalités cliniques, institutionnelles et sociétales, les thérapeutes familiaux sont de plus en plus souvent amenés à aménager leurs « cadres », inaugurant de nouvelles configurations de Thérapie Familiale Psychanalytique qui interpellent les fondements épistémologiques du modèle de référence. L’auteure propose d’aborder cette problématique dans une double perspective de « travail auto-méta » (R. ROUSSILLON, 2001), recouvrant d’une part une réflexion sur les invariants fonctionnels fondamentaux de l’action analytique familiale ; d’autre part l’élaboration de quelques vertex à partir desquels appréhender de façon intégrative ses divers modes d’actualisation clinique contemporains. Sur la base de l’analyse différentielle des logiques processuelles à l’œuvre dans deux TFP « aménagées », cette recherche propose ainsi d’en dégager quelques axes de lecture transversale, en lien avec les modalités spécifiques de remise en transitionnalité et au travail de transitionnalité du fonctionnement psychique familial mobilisées dans des situations où les opérateurs thérapeutiques classiques ne sont pas accessibles, opérants ou exploitables par les familles. Sont plus particulièrement mises en réflexion les conditions auxquelles différentes formes d’expériences interactionnelles concrètes peuvent alors tenir fonction de suppléance au partage onirique familial, à la faveur d’un processus de co-construction, en trouvé/créé dans l’actualité du néo-groupe, des ressources transitionnalisantes du cadre thérapeutique. Suggérant de concevoir le « travail du préconscient familial » comme repère métapsychologique transversal aux différentes pratiques de TFP, l’auteur esquisse sur cette base quelques pistes de modélisation relatives à l’« effet d’outsight » (P. DUBOR, 1996) qui en organise le déploiement dans ces conditions où la dynamique interfantasmatique se soutient d’un détour par le réel extérieur d’étayages matérialisés (méta-cadre institutionnel, supports de médiations). Cet angle d’approche invite à réenvisager les préceptes de la « cure-type familiale », édifiés sur le modèle du rêve, à la lumière de voies et formes d’expression processuelle empruntant davantage au modèle du jeu mais relevant d’une même essence profonde. / Faced with new clinical, institutional and societal realities, family therapists are increasingly called upon to adjust their “settings”, introducing new configurations of Psychoanalytic Family Therapy which challenge the epistemological foundations of the reference model. The author proposes to approach this issue in an auto-meta twofold perspective, covering on one hand a reflection on the fundamental invariants of the psychoanalytic family action; on the other the development of some vertices from which to grasp in an integrative approach her contemporary patterns of clinical actualization. Based on the differential analysis of the processual logic at work in two “adjusted” PFT, this research proposes to identify axes for a transversal reading in connection with the specific terms of the family work of transitionality mobilized in situations where the classical therapeutic operators are not accessible, operative or usable by the families. Specifically set for thinking are the conditions for which various forms of concrete interactional experiences can then play the role of substitute for the family oniric sharing, through a co-constructive process, in a found/created mode within the neo-group, of the setting’s transitional resources. Suggesting to conceive the “family preconscious work” as a metapsychological reference transversal to the different PFT practices, the author sketches some modelling perspectives relating to the “outsight effect” that organizes its deployment in these conditions where the interfantasmatic dynamics support itself with a detour passing by the external reality of materialized shorings (institutional meta-setting, therapeutic mediums).This angle of approach invites to reconsider the “classical psychoanalytic family cure” precepts, built on the dream model, in the light of processual expression’s ways and forms taking more from the play model but belonging to the same profound essence.

Faire métropole est très souvent associée à l’aménagement d’un vaste territoire, ce qui le limite à la simple recherche d’un périmètre ou d’une échelle pertinents. Or, elle implique bien davantage. L’intercommunalité française, ouverte à des formes de coopération diverses et variées entre les différentes entités territoriales, constitue une piste intéressante à explorer. C’est pourquoi à l’étranger, la France est souvent présentée comme un exemple en matière de coopération et de décentralisation, notamment dans les pays à forte tradition centralisatrice, comme la Corée du Sud. Dans cette perspective, nous effectuerons des études de cas comparatives à effet miroir sur le processus de métropolisation en France et en Corée du Sud. Notre étude cherche à illustrer la structuration du système d’innovation (SI) selon le schéma de co-construction PAS, qui permet, entre autres, de co-créer un écosystème d’échange, de partage et d’arbitrage -servant ainsi de force motrice et optimisatrice au système urbain par spécialisation. Notre étude vise enfin à orienter l’aménagement du territoire vers la démarche intégratrice de développement durable. / The development of a Metropolis is very often associated with the construction of a vast territory, which limits it to the simple search for a pertinent perimeter or level. It implies, however, much more. The French intercommunality, that opens up to various forms of cooperation between different territorial entities, is an interesting approach in this respect. France is, indeed, often presented aborad as an example of cooperation and of decentralization, especially in countries with a strong centralizing tradition, such as South Korea. In this perspective, we will carry out comparative case studies mirroring the process of metropolisation in France and in South Korea. Our study seeks to illustrate how to structure the innovation system (IS) according to the co-construction scheme PAS, making it possible, among otherthings, to co-create an ecosystem of exchange, sharing and arbitration -and thus serving as a driving force and optimizing force in an urban system of specialization. Finally, our study aims at orienting spatial planning towards the integrated approach of sustainable development.

Available literature reveals that most prevalently delinquency has been viewed from a modernist perspective. However, as cybernetic epistemology increased its stronghold within the field of psychology, explanations became increasingly systemic in nature. In this study a literature review is presented which articulates these approaches. This critique is followed by a comprehensive consideration of delinquency from a social constructionist stance as an alternative to modernist and early cybernetic perspectives. Examples are provided as to possible ways in which the label "delinquency" evolves within an interpersonal context, as well as the ways in which the meaning engendered is linked to broader cultural discourses. It has been acknowledged that this does not constitute the social constructionist perspective on delinquency, but represents some challenging ideas about how delinquency is co-created between people. Implications for therapy and research are also discussed. / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)

In this study an ecosystematic approach to sports coaching is forwarded. This approach is illustrated using the analogy of an ecology of ideas. Ideas informing the life span of a coach within an elite team are explored. The researcher engaged four subjects in conversations the life span of a coach in an elite team. these conversations are viewed as co-constructions of realities. The coach abides within a team for a limited time. he or she enters an existing ecology of ideas, which can contribute to, or detract from, the efficacy of the coach in a team. This ecology of ideas evolves as aold meanings shift and new meanings emerge. These menings are explored in this disertation. An awareness of the ecology of ideas within a team can inform the coach to perturb the ecology of ideas in a direction that is mutually qualified as successful / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical psychology)

This insider research journey explores the meaning-making processes of female spousal caregivers in anticipatory mourning and the knowledges which they have gained in retrospect. The research traces the social constructions of meaning and how they influence the process of meaning-making. A phenomenological study was undertaken in which unstructured interviews were conducted with five bereaved participants, highlighting the unique way in which each woman made meaning of loss in anticipatory mourning. The main phenomenological themes to emerge from their meaning-making were: a) the significance of time; b) challenges and gifts; c) witnessing the decline; d) paradoxes; e) the significance of the spousal relationship; and f) spirituality. The therapeutic effect of telling the life story is explored in this study and the need for contextual pastoral care that is specific to the state of anticipatory mourning is highlighted. Finally, possibilities for co-constructive pastoral care are raised in the light of the research findings. / Practical Theology / M. Th. ( Practical Theology, with Specialisation in Pastoral Therapy)

本研究以「社會物質政治性」觀點主張Facebook的人際監控是由人／物共構而產生的政治性現象。Facebook所打造的物質展現，因無法避免地鑲嵌了「連結」意圖，以及由「人」集體構成的「分享」規範，在人與物的互動交引纏繞之下，而意外構成了人際監控。 本研究透過綜合式研究方法，包括田野觀察、半結構式深度訪談以及自我經驗書寫與分析，檢視Facebook使用者與Facebook之物質展現的互動關係如何構成監控與抵抗發現，人與物所產出的「網絡」及「個人脈絡」不但讓人們所設下的各種界線被無限擴張而構成了「無限擴張的網絡」、甚至因為「網絡」當中未曾消弭的各種權力關係，以及揭露人們所思所處所做的「個人脈絡」構成了「個人脈絡之曝露」，而成為了助長人際監控最重要的元素。 因此人們針對「網絡」的抵抗進行了「多重舞台隱藏設定」，以及針對「個人脈絡」進行了「展演式公開演出」抵抗。由於在強調互動與分享的Facebook當中，人與人之間形成的「監控」已不再扮演以往的霸權角色，而是形成了溢散的一種可被意識的力量之時，人們的「抵抗」亦脫離規避強權之目的性，並成為「抵抗者」為了保持自身的可視性以創造與維持社會關係，而策略性地透過Scott（1990）提出的「公開文本」進行「展演式公開演出」，以及透過「隱藏文本」進行「多重舞台隱藏設定」規避式抵抗。因此，人們在社群媒體的「抵抗」為一種挪用「公開／隱藏文本」不斷進行切換與游移的抵抗演出，進行部分的掩蓋、部分的揭露來達到人們預期目的，藉以尋求不那樣地被牽制的可能性。 透過「社會物質政治性」這樣的視野，本研究並非如以往具有科技決定色彩主張「物」牽制了人，也並未擁抱社會建構觀點，而是試圖提出由「人／物共構」的互動關係之下，因為意想不到的政治性例如物質的展現與特性、還有人們的互動實踐，皆可以扮演構成監控與抵抗的角色。 / Based on the perspective of “sociomaterialitics” this study argued that Facebook interpersonal surveillance was the political result of co-construction of human and material. Connectivity intention that hide beneath the material presentation of Facebook as well as the collective sharing normativity, entangled through the interactivities between human and material have resulted the unintentional construction of interpersonal surveillance. By using field observation, in-depth interview and analysis of self-experience, this study is able to explore the interactive relationship between human and material to find out how surveillance and resistance are co-constructed in Facebook. Network(ed) and personal context are found to have damage various boundaries of users which caused them to face “unlimited network expansion”, and because of the “underlying still-existence of power relations” in the network(ed), as well as “personal context” that caused “exposure of context”, are believed to have augmented surveillance in Facebook. People resist to network(ed) with “hidden setting of multi-stages”, and resist to exposure of personal context with “official performance”. However, as resistance was no longer the direct opposition to the oppression of dominant power in Facebook, hence “resistors” maintain their visibility and social relations strategically through the performance of “official transcript” and hiding themselves from surveillance through the “hidden transcript” in order to avoid unwanted results simultaneously (Scott, 1990). Therefore resistance in social media has transformed into “official/hidden transcripts” in which people switching their “official/hidden transcripts” constantly, continuously and strategically in order to partially performance and partially hiding themselves. As Facebook is a place that people voluntarily disclosed themselves, and hence interpersonal surveillance is seen as a conscious force in diffusion form, and people’s resistance is a self-reflexive strategic actions in liquidity form. People appropriated resistance to achieve intentional goals in order to explore possibilities of less containment derived from the co-construction of surveillance in social media. Through the perspective of “sociomaterialitics”, this study is able to escape from technological determinism and social constructionism, in order to embrace the idea of co-construction.

The research process illustrates the interaction between the therapist and the neuropsychological impaired client in the therapeutic context where we utilised drawing and painting as a creative medium I descn'be the interaction from a systems paradigm New paradigm research is used as the researcher is included in the research findings. The focus is on new meanings that the therapist and clients generated. Three case studies are descn'bed in this study. A circular description is given of the use of drawing and painting in therapy. The losses that the clients suffer are described and explained to make sense of the interaction. The use of art is described and incorporated in the therapeutic process as creative exercises were important ways to connect with the clients. This study illustrates that creativity should always be part of the therapeutic endeavour, especially when understanding the verbal expression of the client is difficult. / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)