Återuppbyggnaden av Sveriges totalförsvar har sedan 2022 inneburit inrättandet av flera beredskapsmyndigheter och återupprättandet av en högre regional nivå genom civilområdena som ska samverka med Försvarsmaktens militärregioner. Samverkan ska ske tvärsektoriellt mellan myndigheter med skiftande organisatoriska strukturer, resurser och geografiska områdesindelningar. Syftet är att förstå hur faktorer dessa påverkar möjligheten till och effektiviteten i myndigheternas tvärsektoriella samverkan. För att förstå och analysera myndigheternas tvärsektoriella samverkan användes det teoretiska ramverket om samarbetsstyrningsregimer. Materialet för studien har samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med representanter från Sveriges norra och mellersta civilområden och militärregioner. Materialet från intervjuerna analyserades genom en abduktiv tematisk metod där empirin och teorin bearbetats tillsammans. Intervjuerna visar på ett samarbete som ännu är tidigt under en uppstartsfas med organisationer som gått in i samarbetet med olika förutsättningar och resurser. De har visat en skillnad på samarbetet mellan norra och mellersta Sverige där Norrland även har haft fördelen med korrelerande geografisk områdesindelning. Författaren kommer fram till att det finns betydande organisatoriska skillnader som påverkar civilområdena och militärregionernas effektivitet kring samverkan, resursmässigt såväl som geografiskt. Det finns även ett behov inom myndighetssverige att gemensamt se över och anpassa sina geografiska områdesindelningar så att dessa korrelerar med varandra för att effektivisera deras tvärsektoriella samverkan. / The reconstruction of Sweden’s total defense concept has since 2022 meant the establishment of several readiness authorities and the restoration of a higher regional level through the civilian areas that will cooperate with the military regions of the armed forces. Collaboration must take place across sectors between authorities with varying organizational structures, resources, and geographical area divisions. The purpose is to understand how these factors affect the possibility and efficiency of the authorities cross-sector collaboration. To understand and analyze this, the theoretical framework for collaborative governance regimes was used. The material for the study has been gathered through semi-structured interviews with representatives from Sweden’s northern and central civilian areas and military regions. The material from the interviews was analyzed through an abductive thematic method where empiricism and theory were processed together. The interviews show a collaboration that is still early during a startup phase with organizations that have gone into the collaboration under different conditions and resources. They have shown a difference between the collaboration between northern and central Sweden, where Norrland has had the advantage of a correlating geographical area division. The author concludes that there are significant organizational differences that affect the efficiency of the civilian areas and the military regions, concerning collaboration, resources as well as geographical differences. There is also a need government Sweden to jointly review and adapt their geographical area divisions so that they correlate with each other to streamline their cross -sectoral collaboration.

過去政府的保育政策多施行於國有地上，盡量避免限制私有土地上的經濟活動，卻也造成保護區周邊私有土地利用上，與保育目的不相容的情形，致使共享性資源（common pool resources, CPRs）走向悲劇一途。本文以宜蘭雙連埤濕地作為個案，從深度訪談瞭解該地私有地保育的困境，並從「協力治理」（collaborative governance）的角度分析，發現政府單方面的保育政策，難以達到良好的私地保育效果。本研究透過深度訪談追蹤雙連埤的保育努力過程，發現最後能夠維持雙連埤的風貌，荒野協會等民間保育團體功不可沒。保育團體不具備管理的職責，比較容易與在地居民的建立情感聯繫，能作為政府與居民之間的溝通橋樑；他們擁有豐富的生態知識，能化自然資源為物質性誘因（material incentives），結合居民生計與生態保育的行動，減輕私有地上活動對環境的壓力。透過「由下而上」的共享性資源管理模式，雙連埤的案例展現如何透過協力合產與「社基保育」（Community-Based Conservation）模式，破除「生態」與「生計」無法共存的迷思，進而達到永續發展的目的。 / Conservational policies have been known more applicable to public lands. Yet endangered species can not tell and thus have suffered from the economic activities on private land, leading to an inevitable tragedy. This thesis adopts Shuang-Lien Lake as a case to demonstrate the possibility of an alternative, community-based approach. Through in-depth interviews with policy makers and major stakeholders, this research indicates how collaboration between local government and voluntary citizen groups could overcome the oppositions by local residents against conserving valuable ecologic system on private land.

公共部門的組織運作相較於過去，正處在更為不穩定和動盪的環境之中，公部門必須提高其「創新」的能力以為因應，並由於治理網絡形式的顯現，也更加強調公部門創新的重要性。面對當前許多充滿高度複雜與棘手的公共問題，我們不僅需要公共創新的新途徑，同時也要為許多問題的解決方案提出必要的工具。無疑地，吾人必須關注如何透過治理網絡中行動者間的協力，即是公共管理者、民選官員、企業、非營利組織等行動者的協力，用以強化公共創新，因此，「協力創新」可以說是當前公部門創新的重要議題，同時也是公部門面對網絡治理亟欲尋求的新方法。簡言之，欲探究的「協力創新」，則是指以網絡為基礎的協力，促進治理過程中公部門的創新。 本研究主要聚焦在公共部門協力創新的理論與實務的討論，以下述兩個關鍵重點做為討論的主軸：一、重點是針對「公共部門的創新」，而非一般所談論的企業創新；二、著重於「跨部門間或網絡協力」的創新，並非單一組織內部的創新。研究問題包括：何謂是在公部門的協力創新？協力創新的過程需要具備哪些條件？網絡中的行動者如何透過協力過程以導引出創新？協力創新呈現的樣貌或結果為何？對文化行政機關而言，文化創意產業政策之推動，對文化行政官僚的協力創新經驗有何特殊性？協力創新的過程有何困難？如何克服這些障礙，以驅動協力創新？ 儘管公部門透過跨部門、跨組織的協力創新研究還處在發展萌芽的階段。在實務上，公部門必須審時度勢，在協力過程中透過制度設計，與行動參與者進行有效溝通、建立信任，並證明展現其領導、協調和整合的能力。因此，本研究關注協力創新在公部門的應用，一方面提出整合自公部門創新、協力治理文獻而發展出來的理論架構，另一方面也針對文建會在推動文化創意產業政策運用協力創新的過程和經驗，進行質化的實證研究，以提供公部門有關協力創新應用之理論面與實務面相互印證的機會。 研究發現公部門創新必須致力於創造更多的公共價值；政治的推力、回應外部發展趨勢、核心職能外新增業務的壓力、尋求和匯集外部資源、創造有利創新的組織文化是公共組織內外環境中存在激發協力創新的驅動因素；而網絡治理的領導能力、多層次與橫向溝通平台、互惠的信任關係基礎、良性的創新循環等是影響協力創新過程的關鍵因素；公部門適當的制度設計有利於協力創新的發展；協力創新的多元價值結果亦呈現出不同的創新類型。最後，本研究也針對協力創新的實務應用、制度設計及組織運作、文化創意產業推動方面提出若干建議。 / The importance of strengthening innovation in the operation and organization of the public sector is highlighted by both today's increasingly variable environment and the emergence of governance networks. The many complex and wicked problems that are currently encountered in civil sector indicates a need not only to innovate, but also to come up with necessary tools for solving multiple problems. No doubt the primary focus should be on uniting efforts among actors in governance networks, namely civil sector managers, elected officials, businessmen, and non-profit administrators, in order to strengthen public sector innovation. For these reasons, collaborative innovation is an important topic in public sector innovation and an anxiously pursued new method as the public sector faces collaborative governance. Moreover, collaborative innovation is network-based collaboration that promotes innovation in the public sector governance process. This study primarily focuses on theories of public sector collaborative innovation and discussions of actual practice in the field. The study revolves around two key points: a focus on public sector innovation as opposed to commonly discussed business innovation, and innovation in cross-sector collaboration or network-based collaboration as opposed to innovation within a single organization. Questions addressed in this study include: What is meant by public sector collaborative innovation? What are the prerequisites for collaborative innovation processes? How do actors within a network lead innovation through collaborative processes? What are the features or results of collaborative innovation processes? What special experiences have administrators of cultural bureaus had promoting cultural and creative industry policies with collaborative innovation? What difficulties are encountered during processes of collaborative innovation? How can these difficulties be overcome in order to spur collaborative innovation? Research of cross-sector and transorganizational collaborative innovation in the public sector is still in its developmental stages. Each collaborative process must be assessed through system design to ensure effective communication and the establishment of trust, as well as to verify leadership, coordination and integration capabilities. Therefore, this study concerned with the application of collaborative innovation in the public sector first constructs its theoretical framework on extant literature in the fields of public sector innovation and collaborative governance, and secondly is directed at the Council for Cultural Affairs use of collaborative innovation in its policies that promote cultural and creative industries. This study employs qualitative empirical research to provide opportunities for mutually verifiable theoretical and practical collaborative innovation applications related to the public sector. Results of this study suggest that innovation in the public sector should be directed at creating more public value. Governmental influence, response to external trends, pressure added by work extrinsic to core functions, the collection of external resources and organizational culture cultivating beneficial innovation are all factors that drive collaborative innovation in and around public organizations. Network governance leadership ability, forums for both horizontal and vertical communication, foundations of mutually beneficial trust, and healthy innovation cycles are all influential factors in collaborative innovation processes. Appropriate organizational design in the public sector spurs the development of collaborative innovation, and the manifold values of collaborative innovation result in different innovative forms. Finally, this study aims to make recommendations for the practical application, organizational design and operation of collaborative innovation, and the promotion of cultural and creative industries.

Dhaka city and Bangladesh is unique in many ways. The country profile is most definitely an interesting case to study through the lenses of disaster management. In this thesis a framework or theories encompassing collaborative governance and coordination crisis- management networks is applied to the challenging context of Bangladesh. The study looks at themes such as ‘history of conflicts’, ‘trust building’, ‘power imbalances’, ‘comprehensive overview’ and crisis network variables like ‘complexity’ and ‘familiarity‘. The theory block is foremost gathered from Michael Hillyard, Naim Kapucu and Alison Gash and Chris Ansell. The study is based on interviews from individuals representing different types of organizations that have connections to coordination avenues. A thematic analysis approach is used to apply the theories on the empirics. Three research questions encapsulates the core of the study; what components stimulate collaborative governance theoretically and how does part- takers of disaster management in Dhaka perceive collaborative governance and coordination under disaster preparedness? Finally, how does the presented theories conform to the practises focused on coordination and collaborative governance when preparing for disasters in Dhaka, Bangladesh?    The study finds that the establishment of coordination avenues are evident in Dhaka and that the development of various parts of coordination activities is moving rather strong. The study show that many organizations are project- based in Dhaka and that competition over intellectual property and funding can work in both directions for coordination and collaborative governance. Either lowering the ambition for collaborations or increasing it. The study also confirms findings of previous coordination studies in Bangladesh that suggest that the institutional approach is very much individualistic which can, to some degree, hamper coordination activities. The study suggest that the system for coordination and its reach appears to be more established horizontally on a strategic level than on the vertical level. Coordination activities and collaborative governance also operates simultaneously in Dhaka, both vertically and horizontally. In closure the experiences of DM- employees in Dhaka suggest that earthquakes and droughts, or combinations of quakes and flooding may pose a serious challenge to the disaster management relief resources of Dhaka city.

Management tools and solutions are largely conceptualised through well-defined and well-understood problems. However, management often encounter problems that are neither well defined nor straightforward. These problems are labelled wicked problems and require a different management approach to solve. Many of these wicked problems fall within the public service delivery sector, of which the criminal justice system is part. The current study argues that crime in South Africa is a wicked problem because it portrays characteristics such as persistence and pervasiveness and does not have obvious causal relationships. Despite collaboration across several organisations and substantial resource investment, crime remains ‘untamed’ in South Africa. This study responded to calls in the literature for further research into collaborations that are mandated and directed. Given that wicked problems are unique and require unique solutions, this research proposed a framework that applies to South Africa and its historical context and is applicable in the governance context under which crime is addressed. This presented a compelling reason to undertake the current research and use the Justice, Crime Prevention and Security Cluster as a case to study intragovernmental collaboration. The objective of the research is threefold: first, to gain an in-depth explanation of intragovernmental collaboration within the Justice, Crime Prevention and Security Cluster from people who take part in the collaboration; second, to identify the dimensions of the collaboration and the interrelationships between them; and third, to develop a strategic framework for intragovernmental collaborations. Interactive Qualitative Analysis was used as a research method with ten Senior Managers participating in a focus group and semi-structured interviews and five Top Managers participating in semi-structured interviews. In-depth descriptions of the Justice, Crime Prevention and Security collaboration were captured through Interactive Qualitative Analysis in line with the qualitative research approach and eight key dimensions of the collaboration were identified. The research proposed a Strategic Framework for Intragovernmental Collaboration that takes into account the findings of the research and a literature-based conceptual framework underpinned by the Resource Dependency Theory, the Resource-Based View and the Complexity Theory. Findings from the study demonstrate that eight dimensions are key in the Justice, Crime Prevention and Security collaboration, and these dimensions are ranked in order of importance. The presented framework also highlights several differences from reported studies in this field. The contribution of this study not only extends the literature on intragovernmental collaborations but also sets clear guidelines for managers and policy makers to establish and direct intragovernmental collaborations. The chosen methodology and insider access to senior management ultimately produced rich descriptions not previously available. Two key recommendations are identified for the Justice, Crime Prevention and Security Cluster. Firstly, addressing the wicked problem of crime requires active participation of stakeholders beyond the Cluster and secondly, it must include active citizenship that is instrumental in contributing knowledge and learning as part of a feedback loop into the criminal justice system. Within the Justice, Crime Prevention and Security Cluster, the study identified three drivers of the collaboration that need to be addressed to enable the Cluster to work towards a goal consensus of addressing crime. These are leadership, culture and governance arrangements. Models of leadership and governance are included to guide the Justice, Crime Prevention and Security Cluster in this regard. / Business Management / D. B. L.

Ce mémoire analyse les conditions qui ont mené la province de La Convención (département de Cusco), au Pérou, à posséder un taux de vaccination contre la COVID-19 improbablement élevé en milieu rural, en comparaison aux autres provinces amazoniennes du pays dont le caractère est également périphérique. Une analyse de données d’entretiens et de documents d’archives démontre que la province se démarque par son héritage de concertation au sein de la société civile. Lors de l’arrivée de la COVID- 19 en sol péruvien, la cohésion entre les acteur·rices sociaux·ales et la préexistence de réseaux et structures de collaboration ont permis la formation rapide et le bon fonctionnement d’une instance de gouvernance collaborative réunissant des organisations de la société civile, des communautés autochtones et l’État. Au sein de cette espace, ces parties prenantes ont pu mettre en commun leurs connaissances et expertises afin de développer des actions collaboratives répondant aux besoins locaux et qui auraient été impossibles à mettre en place par des acteur·rices individuel·les. Les résultats de cette étude corroborent les théories selon lesquelles les acteur·rices non gouvernementaux·ales et la gouvernance collaborative permettent la mise en œuvre efficace de politiques publiques au niveau subnational. De plus, ils contribuent à mettre en lumière le déroulement de processus de collaboration partiellement informels dans les pays des Suds, alors que la littérature sur la gouvernance collaborative porte principalement sur les pays des Nords et sur les instances formelles. / This thesis analyzes the conditions that have led the province of La Convención (department of Cusco), Peru, to have an unexpectedly high vaccination rate against COVID-19 in rural areas, compared with the country's other Amazonian provinces which are equally peripheral in character. An analysis of interview data and archival documents demonstrates that the province stands out for its heritage of cooperation within civil society. When COVID-19 arrived in Peru, the cohesion between social players and the pre-existence of collaborative networks and structures enabled the swift formation and effective operation of a collaborative governance body that brought together civil society organizations, indigenous communities and the state. Within this space, these stakeholders were able to pool their knowledge and expertise to develop collaborative actions that met local needs and would have been impossible to implement by individual players. The results of this study corroborate theories according to which non-governmental actors and collaborative governance enable the effective implementation of public policies at the sub-national level. They also shed light on the partially informal collaborative processes in the South, whereas the literature on collaborative governance focuses mainly on the North and on formal processes. / Esta tesis analiza las condiciones que han llevado a la provincia de La Convención (departamento de Cusco), en Perú, a tener una tasa improbablemente alta de vacunación contra el COVID-19 en las zonas rurales, en comparación con las demás provincias amazónicas del país de carácter igualmente periférico. El análisis de los datos de las entrevistas y de los documentos de archivo muestra que la provincia se distingue por su herencia de cooperación dentro de la sociedad civil. Cuando el COVID-19 llegó al Perú, la cohesión entre los actores sociales y la preexistencia de redes y estructuras de colaboración permitieron la rápida formación y el buen funcionamiento de una instancia de gobernanza colaborativa que reunía a organizaciones de la sociedad civil, comunidades indígenas y el Estado. En este espacio, dichos actores han podido poner en común sus conocimientos y competencias para desarrollar acciones colaborativas que respondan a las necesidades locales y que habrían sido imposibles de poner en marcha por actores individuales. Los resultados de este estudio corroboran las teorías según las cuales los actores no gubernamentales y la gobernanza colaborativa permiten una aplicación eficaz de las políticas públicas a escala subnacional. Además, contribuyen a elucidar los procesos de colaboración parcialmente informales en los países del Sur, un fenómeno que la literatura sobre gobernanza colaborativa aborda principalmente a partir de los países del Norte y los procesos formales.

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Les collaborations interorganisationnelles apparaissent de plus en plus incontournables pour s’attaquer concrètement, et avec quelques chances de résultats, à nos problèmes et défis collectifs les plus importants, que ce soit dans les domaines de l’environnement, de la santé ou de la sécurité publique. Ces initiatives de gouvernance collaborative surpassent chacune des organisations individuelles pour décider et intervenir collectivement. Dans cette visée, cette recherche contribue à mieux comprendre le processus de concertation et les interactions entre les acteurs et les organisations qui participent à des initiatives de collaboration interorganisationnelle où de nombreuses parties prenantes sont interpellées. Plus précisément, cette étude porte sur la problématique des réseaux d’acteurs et de la gouvernance en sécurité routière au Québec. Nous nous sommes penchés sur l’expérience de la Table québécoise de la sécurité routière (TQSR) afin de comprendre les enjeux actuels de représentation et de concertation en matière d’action gouvernementale. Cette recherche examine le rôle de l’identité des acteurs et de leurs interactions dans les processus de construction de consensus et de prise de décision, de même que les divers enjeux de communication inhérents à ce genre d’exercice collectif. Nous démontrons également qu’un facteur de succès d’une collaboration interorganisationnelle repose sur la capacité des acteurs à construire une identité collective malgré leurs intérêts divergents et parfois opposés. Cette thèse améliore donc notre compréhension des mécanismes et des processus à la base des collaborations interorganisationnelles comme pratique de gouvernance collaborative, un mode de gestion de plus en plus utilisé dans l’administration de nos sociétés contemporaines. Cette thèse contribue également à montrer la manière dont les organisations se construisent et se maintiennent localement par l’entremise de la communication et de ses modalités. / Successfully dealing with organizational problems and challenges, regardless of sector, increasingly involves inter-organizational collaboration. Collective governance is involved the whole of the collective’s capacity to intervene and make decisions far exceeds that of any one organization. In this vein, this research contributes to a better understanding of the collaboration processes and the interactions among the actors participating in multi-stakeholder inter-organizational collaborative initiatives. More specifically, this study deals with the issue of actor networks and road safety governance in Quebec. We focused on the work of the Table québécoise de la sécurité routière (TQSR) in order to explore the ongoing issues of representation and communication with regard to public policy. This research looks at the role of actors’ identities and their interactions in the negotiation and decision-making processes as well as the multiple communication issues inherent to this sort of collective work. We also demonstrate that inter-organizational collaborative success rests on the actors’ capacities to build a collective identity, despite divergent and sometimes even opposing interests. This thesis thus improves our understanding of the mechanisms and processes that lie at the root of inter-organizational collaborations as collaborative governance practices increasingly common in modern public management. This study also advances our understanding of how organizations construct and maintain themselves via communication in its multiple modalities.

This interdisciplinary thesis studies the diverse multi-stakeholder networks that are constitutive of contemporary water governance. It examines collaborative governance networks from a relational perspective in two case study watersheds in Tanzania and Ethiopia. Collaborative and networked governance approaches are increasingly promoted to address complex water challenges, but relatively little is known about how the everyday collaborative relationships (i.e. collaboration practices) among the multiple actors involved in the development, management and use of water, shape contemporary water governance processes. In this thesis, I advance, based on intensive fieldwork data collection, a conceptual and methodological framework for studying collaboration networks pertaining to watershed management. I examine local collaborative governance networks in two watersheds, in Ethiopia and Tanzania, from a relational perspective, using complementary qualitative and quantitative social network research methods. The thesis explores the opportunities and limitations of such collaborative governance networks in their concrete functioning, thereby contributing to a more context-sensitive, and nuanced, understanding of the role of governance networks and collaborative governance approaches in the management of water and related resources.

Site-based management (SBM) is recent restructuring initiative in schools. The study is carried out with the aim of investigating the extent to which teachers participate in site-based management in schools. The researcher assumes that teachers are sidelined in site-based management in schools. An extensive literature review provides a theoretical foundation of the study and exposes the nature of site-based management. The qualitative approach is used in the case study. Data are collected through interviews that were conducted between July and September 2004. The interpretive paradigm is used in data collection, analysis and interpretation. The collected data are analysed through inductive analysis. The major research finding is that teachers are marginalised in site-based management in schools and that school-based decision making is still largely in the hands of school principals. It is recommended that principals and SMT's improve their management and leadership styles in order to allow for real participation of teachers in decision-making to take place. / Educational Studies / M.Ed (Education Management)