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Samnyttjad mark och urbana allmänningar : En fallstudie av skyfallsanpassning i Malmö och KöpenhamnLarsson, Per January 2020 (has links)
I avhandlingen analyseras möjligheter och hinder för samnyttjande av mark utifrån en fallstudie av skyfallsanpassning i Malmö och Köpenhamn. Som bakgrund står de klimatutmaningar i form av ökad framtida nederbörd och risk för översvämningar som städerna ställs inför, tillsammans med en tilltagande konkurrens om marken från allt fler behov. Fallstudien jämför hur de båda städerna planerat för och tagit sig an skyfallsanpassningen av befintliga stadsmiljöer. Fallstudiens huvudsakliga intresse utgörs dock inte av skyfallsanpassning som sådan, utan denna nyttjas främst för att ta reda på kommunernas inställning till möjligheten att samnyttja mark, samt vilka reella svårigheter samnyttjandet medför. Analysen av fallstudien sker med hjälp av governance-teorier där ett flertal institutionella hinder belyses såväl på strukturell nivå som inom det praktiknära genomförandet. Jämförelsen mellan städerna gör det tydligt att de institutionella förutsättningarna för samnyttjande ser olika ut, men att olikheten också förstärks av kommunernas förmåga att nyttja styrmedel för att möjliggöra skyfallsanpassning genom samnyttjande av mark. Analysen använder även teorier om allmänningar och urbana allmänningar för att belysa institutionella strukturer för samnyttjande av mark utan äganderättsliga anspråk. Avhandlingen har resulterat i att kunna beskriva två olika former av samnyttjande i termer av urban allmänning. Den första formen beskriver allmänningen som ett objekt och belyser i synnerhet materiella och institutionella aspekter. I samband med att ett stort antal markområden inom såväl kvartersmark som allmän platsmark anpassas att avlasta det allmänna va-ledningsnätet vid skyfall, bildas ett nätverk som kan besk- 14 rivas som en urban allmänning. Denna form av urban allmänning utgör ett objekt som sammanfogas genom dess funktionella samband men bibehåller ett diversifierat ägande och förvaltning. Den andra formen beskriver den urbana allmänningen som en process där möjligheten till samnyttjande inom allmän platsmark föranleder inkluderande invånarmedverkan. Genom invånardeltagande och uppmuntran till initiativtagande i den egna stadsdelen tillför samnyttjandet sociala värden till stadsrummet i form av trivsel, trygghet, tillhörighet och andra uttryck för livskvalitet. Denna invånarmedverkan utgör tydliga uttryck för den urbana allmänningen som process samtidigt som själva objektet, stadsrummet, kan fortsätta att räknas som endera en offentlig resurs under kommunal förvaltning eller en gemensam resurs under privat förvaltning. Avhandlingens slutsatser beskriver samnyttjandets möjligheter som en till stora delar outforskad potential att finna synergier och funktionell integration mellan olika markanvändningar och funktioner i stadsrummet. Med ett resursbaserat synsätt ses samnyttjande av mark som ett verktyg att överbrygga fastighetsindelning och de planerade användningsgränserna utan att äventyra egendomsrätten eller planinstrumentets intentioner. Det resursbaserade synsättet ger också samnyttjande möjlighet att låta såväl allmän platsmark som kvartersmark bidra med kvaliteter till staden genom positiva externa effekter. Samnyttjandets huvudsakliga hinder utifrån fallstudierna beskrivs från ett kommunalt institutionellt perspektiv med de tre faktorerna: ett snävt sektorsperspektiv, en strikt uppdelning mellan offentlig och privat mark samt betydelsen av styrmedel. Slutsatsen är att det finns goda möjligheter att berika städernas stadsrum med fler och mer integrerade funktioner genom att utveckla samnyttjande av mark. Denna omställning ställer emellertid krav på ett förhållningssätt av tvärsektoriell samverkan och institutionell förändring. / Based on a case study, comparing the municipal storm water adaptation plans and its recent implementation in the twin cities of Malmö and Copenhagen, the dissertation analyse the possibilities and practical challenges of combined use of urban land. The continuing process of urban densification, where urban land is seen as a strictly limited and often contentious resource, accompanied by the challenge of climate change through an expected increase of precipitation and risk of urban flooding, provides the background for this study. The ultimate concern, however, is not on storm water adaptation as such, but on the opportunities and obstacles to combine different uses of land within the same area, and how local governments approach this issue. In the analysis, governance theories are used to elucidate obstacles to combined use of land on structural level as well as within its practical realisation. A comparison between the cities demonstrates that the institutional preconditions for combined land use differ, but also, that the difference is reinforced by the ability of the local governments to make use of public policy instruments in order to implement storm water adaptation through combined use of land. The analysis also draws upon commons theory and theories of urban commons. These fields of research have similarities with combined use of land regarding the need of institutional structures to govern land management without claiming ownership. Furthermore, the dissertation describes two forms of combined use of land in terms of urban commons. The first form views the urban commons as an object highlighting its material and institutional aspects. 16 Here, the urban commons forms a network of both public and private property, each one adapted to bring relief to the common sewage system, in order to avoid it from being flooded in case of cloudbursts. This form of urban commons constitutes an object where its parts are associated through its functional relatedness, but keeps its diverse ownership and management. The second form describes the urban commons as a process, where the opportunity to combine different land uses opens up for inclusive participation from the citizens. Through initiatives from citizens and encouragement from the municipality for citizens to participate in the planning of public space, social values are created and added to the local community. Values such as well-being, sense of security and belonging as well as other aspects of liveability. This citizen participation produces expressions of the urban commons as a process, while the object itself, the physical urban space, will continue to be regarded either as a municipally owned public resource, or as a common resource within private ownership. The opportunities of combined use of land is described in the dissertation as a largely uncharted potential to seek synergies and functional integration between land uses and functions in the urban space. Looking from a resource-based perspective, combined use of land is seen as a tool to bridge boundaries in the urban space. Both boundaries that are created through planning, and those created through division into property units, although, without challenging the rights of ownership nor the intentions of physical planning. Through the resource-based perspective, combined use of land is able to equip both public space and private property with opportunities to contribute with qualities to the city, that is, positive external effects. The main obstacles, as extracted from the case studies, are explained from a municipal institutional perspective and contains three main elements: a narrow sectional perspective, a strict division between public and private land, and the importance of public policy instruments. The dissertation concludes by indicating rich opportunities for both local governments and private property owners to develop urban space through developing combined use of land. This requires institutional 17 change towards collaboration and cooperation, not the least within the municipal organisation itself, where land can be considered the scarce resource it is, and therefore needs to be shared and used as beneficially as possible.
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The Euro Crisis: Three EssaysSteinkamp, Sven 19 January 2015 (has links)
This dissertation is a collection of three essays dealing with selected problems of the Euro Area during its most recent crisis. It applies empirical, theoretical, and institutional analyses to gain new insights into many of its financial aspects.
The first essay offers an alternative explanation for the surge in government bond spreads. Many researchers attribute this phenomenon to market sentiment and multiple equilibria alone. We show that an often neglected fundamental variable may drive spreads: a decrease in the expected recovery value of private market participants. With an ever-increasing share of crisis countries’ debt held by official creditors, private investors may feel pushed into the position of subordinated creditors.
The other two essays both explain the sharp increase in central bank credit from different perspectives. First, from the national perspective, central banks may be confronted with a classical tragedy-of-the-commons problem, which gives rise to an expansionary bias. Second, from the perspective of the ECB, we argue that the empirical patterns surrounding the liquidity provision in December 2011 are reminiscent of a speculative attack on a fixed exchange rate system.
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(Re)coudre avec du sans fil. Enquête sur des pratiques de médiation infrastructurelle / (Re)sewing with wireless : an inquiry into the infrastructural mediation practicesHuguet, François 27 June 2016 (has links)
La thèse repose sur une étude longitudinale d’une technologie de réseau émergente (le logiciel MESH Commotion) et des agencements d’actants qui l’entourent (personnes, objets, organisations, discours, etc.). Ce dispositif, parce qu’il revendique explicitement qu’il est politique au sein de différents plis socio-historiques, produit différentes versions de lui-même qui articulent de manière singulière les notions d’agentivité, d’infrastructures et de biens communs. Par cette politique ouverte et assumée, il nous invite à comprendre la notion de médiation sous un jour nouveau : la médiation infrastructurelle. L’enquête menée rend compte des différentes interprétations de ce logiciel ; elle cherche à comprendre si cette technologie représente une forme de démonstrateur qui permet de penser différemment les forces des infrastructures de télécommunications et leurs emprises sur le lien social. Pour ce faire, ce travail se caractérise par un parcours ethnographique particulier qui, par le milieu, saisit les manières dont différentes versions de ce dispositif sociotechnique sont instaurées. Les résultats de la recherche rendent compte des tâtonnements successifs des acteurs qui visent à faire émerger une forme sociotechnique encore peu reconnue, mais ils dévoilent également les éléments nécessaires à une opération de médiation infrastructurelle. / This dissertation is concerned with a longitudinal study of a computer network technology referred to as the Commotion wireless MESH software, and the assemblages of actants that come into contact with it (such as people, objects, organizations, discourses, etc.). I argue that this apparatus produces different versions of itself that uniquely relates the concepts of agency, infrastructure and the Commons because it explicitly claims to be both technical and political within different socio-historical folds. By assuming such an overt political stance, it invites us to think through the notion of mediation in a new light (infrastructural mediation). My research methods reflect different interpretations of this software by seeking to understand whether this wireless mesh network technology represents a compromise solution to redefining the forces that constitute telecommunications infrastructure and its hold on the social bond. To do so, my dissertation expands on a particular ethnographic path which, “by the middle”, attempts to understand the ways in which the existence of a socio-technical system is established. I argue that the establishment of a socio-technical apparatus does not amount to pulling it out of thin air, but rather to make it become what it is. The findings reflect the successive trials and errors that go into this process of developing a sociotechnical and mediatic form that has yet to be recognized, while also shoring up the constitutive elements of a mediation process between the Commons and telecommunications infrastructure.
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Prefigurative politics as applied to the climate crisis : A game theoretical assessmentCarlshamre, Nathan January 2023 (has links)
In this paper, I make use of the game-theoretical concepts of cartel theory and coordination theory via salience and Schelling points in order to assess the viability of prefigurative politics when used by group actors to address the particular case of the climate crisis. I show that prefigurative politics as a strategy faces significant systematic disadvantages when used by social movements attempting to address climate change as compared to when it is used by social movements focused on other causes. These disadvantages are based on two factors: lack of motivation and a difficulty of coordination. In order to illustrate this point, I compare the situation for contemporary climate movements to a case example of the Montgomery bus boycott of 1957, showing how cartel theory worked in the favour of the civil rights movement, and how salience was crucial for the fast mobilisation of the African American community of Montgomery.
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Theorizing & (re)discovering the Self : An autoethnographic & affect-theoretical approach to swedishness & colombiannessRodriguez Alvarez, Daniela January 2022 (has links)
This thesis is structured as a feminist creative endeavour, a practice of self-love that aims at exploring (my) depression as a cultural and social phenomenon caused mainly by an inability to correctly embody swedishness, a constant haunting of a colonial and Colombian past, and the affective dimensions of language. This text is based on autoethnographic material about the experiences of being a Colombian-born migrant in Sweden and uses mainly affect theory and decolonial theory to make sense of these experiences. The thesis showcases my temporal relation to both swedishness and colombianness and how that dimension influences the (re)production of my self, and the consequent “negative feelings” linked to depression I experience. Furthermore, as a creative endeavour following the tradition of WOC feminist writers, this thesis highlights how writing and theorizing can lead to healing.
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Smart Partnerships: How Higher Education Institutions Can Enhance the Capacity of the UN to Govern the Global CommonsGoodall, Melissa, United States 01 September 2015 (has links)
No description available.
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Essays on methodologies in contingent valuation and the sustainable management of common pool resourcesKang, Heechan 15 March 2006 (has links)
No description available.
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Creating Food Commons : From Commodity to Common Pool Resource / Att skapa matallmänningar : Från vara till gemensam nyttaLipke, Naomi January 2024 (has links)
Researchers, environmentalists, social justice activists and policy makers have long discussed the inherent environmental and social problems prevalent in food systems. This thesis explores ways in which foodsharing can be interpreted as a movement towards a future set of economic relationships that values environmental limits and the right of individuals to access food. Contributing to a growing body of literature, I argue that foodsharing demonstrates the ability for people to organize using alternative digital tools for collection and distribution of readily abundant resources without the need for significant government or business intervention, producing a type of commons relationship. The aim of the thesis is to explore what foodsharing, as a process of commoning, can teach us about alternative forms of economic and social exchanges. If alternative economic organizations are important for a just transition, social scientists need to go beyond arguments for their relevance to study their actual strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities to support them. Drawing on theories of commons, prefigurative politics and just transitions, this thesis looks at an alternative economy organization which succeeds despite working against the status quo, to show where the social system around it is not designed to support it and asks what it might need to reach further. This is explored through the qualitative case study of a well-established foodsharing organization in a medium size city on the West coast of Sweden. Research questions focused on the political ideas used by the organization, the ways in which it was organized, and the reasons for and resolution of conflict. Through interviews, observations, and online research the case is elaborated upon and analyzed to reveal the unique dynamics of the studied organization. These include very specific rules for collecting and distributing food that aim to maintain transparency, solidarity, and fairness. The foodsharing organization displays some characteristics of a food commons and in other instances characteristics of a gift economy. The main contribution is a closer look at the resulting interpersonal and organizational dynamics of one alternative economy organization in order to illuminate some challenges of organizing and maintaining similar ventures in the future. If alternative economic organizations have social benefit, then they will need to be supported in the ways in which are appropriate to their form and politics. / Forskare, miljövetare, aktivister och politiker har länge pratat om de inneboende miljö- och social problem som präglar matsystemet. Denna avhandling utforskar om hur så kallad “foodsharing”, matdelning, kan tolkas som en rörelse mot framtidiga ekonomiska förhållanden som värdesätter ekologiska gränser och individers grundläggande rätt till mat. Som ett bidrag till ett växande forskningsfält, menar jag att matdelning visar på människors förmåga att använda digitala verktyg för att samla och distribuera överflödiga resurser utan behov av offentlig eller marknadsinvolvering, vilket skapar en typ av allmänning mellan människor. Syftet med avhandlingen är att utforska vad matdelning, som en typ av allmänning, kan lära oss om alternativa former av ekonomiska och sociala utbyten. Om demokratiska ekonomiska verksamhet är viktigt för en rättvis omställning, så behöver samhällsvetenskapen gå bortom att argumentera för dess relevans, till att i stället studera deras styrker, svagheter, och faktiska behov. Med utgångspunkt i teorier kring allmänningar, prefigurativ politik, och rättvis omställning, tittar denna avhandling närmare på en alternativ ekonomisk organisation som lyckas även om den arbetar emot status quo, för att förstå och beskriva hur samhällssystemet inte är utformat för att stötta dem och vad de behöver för att nå längre. Detta utforskas genom en kvalitativ fallstudie av en väl etablerad matdelningsorganisation i en medelstor stad på Sveriges västkust. Forskningsfrågorna fokuserade på den politiska idéer i organisationen, hur den organiserades, och grunderna för och metoder för att minska konflikt. Genom intervjuer, observationer, och webbaserad forskning, belyses och analyseras fallet för att visa de unika dynamikerna som präglar denna organisation. Dessa inkluderar regler för insamlingen och distributionen av mat med fokus på att upprätthålla transparens, solidaritet och rättvisa. Organisationen visar både på egenskaper av en matallmänning och av en gåvoekonomi. Det huvudsakliga bidraget är en närmare förståelse av de resulterande mellanmänskliga och organisatoriska dynamikerna i en icke-monetär organisation som arbetar utifrån principer av ömsesidighet och belyser några av utmaningarna med att organisera och upprätthålla denna typ av initiativ i framtiden. Om ömsesidiga organisationer ska skapa ett socialt värde, så behövs de stödjas på sätt som är lämpliga i relation till deras form och politik. / <p>QC 20240513</p>
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Teoría del cuidado en el arte del siglo XXI. Propuestas de creación artística y gestión cultural en el sur de Europa durante el periodo 2000-2023Ferriols Montañana, Ana 23 March 2024 (has links)
[ES] La presente tesis doctoral aborda la relación existente entre teoría del cuidado y práctica artística. La desigualdad en las labores reproductivas y de mantenimiento con relación al género ha sido puesta en evidencia desde la década de 1970. A partir de la reclamación de la importancia de este tipo de trabajo, y de su posición central en las estructuras sociales, surge la ética del cuidado, pensamiento que se desarrolla especialmente en el ámbito filosófico y político. La investigación llevada a cabo pone de manifiesto que existe una fuerte influencia del pensamiento y las prácticas del cuidado en la creación artística del siglo XXI, especialmente en la zona del sur de Europa. Para abordar esta conexión se plantea un estudio dirigido a profesionales en España, Francia, Portugal e Italia, siendo los ámbitos profesionales objeto de estudio, los relacionados con el comisariado y la gestión cultural, las instituciones culturales y, por último, artistas y colectivos de artistas. Las respuestas obtenidas sobre prácticas laborales con relación al cuidado han sido analizadas y contextualizadas.
Asimismo, se estudian y analizan diferentes casos paradigmáticos que presentan una notable vinculación con las prácticas del cuidado como son el Centro HUARTE en España, la bienal Manifesta 12 en Italia o el trabajo de la artista Céline Condorelli en Francia, entre otros. A partir de los mismos se constata que la influencia de la teoría del cuidado desempeña un protagonismo relevante en el ámbito artístico desde la década de 2010. Se aborda también el papel de los comunes urbanos como espacios de generación de infraestructuras de cuidado y los puntos esenciales que definen una estética del cuidado. Finalmente, se concluye que se confirma la hipótesis planteada y se realiza una clasificación de las orientaciones temáticas que el cuidado adopta en el ámbito expositivo contemporáneo. / [CA] La present tesi doctoral aborda la relació existent entre teoria de la cura i pràctica artística. La desigualtat en les labors reproductives i de manteniment en relació amb el gènere ha sigut posada en evidència des de la dècada de 1970. A partir de la reclamació de la importància d'aquesta mena de treball, i de la seua posició central en les estructures socials, sorgeix l'ètica de la cura, pensament que es desenvolupa especialment en l'àmbit filosòfic i polític. La investigació duta a terme posa de manifest que existeix una forta influència del pensament i les pràctiques de la cura en la creació artística del segle XXI, especialment en la zona del sud d'Europa. Per a abordar aquesta connexió es planteja un estudi dirigit a professionals a Espanya, França, Portugal i Itàlia, sent els àmbits professionals objecte d'estudi, els relacionats amb el comissariat i la gestió cultural, les institucions culturals i, finalment, artistes i col·lectius d'artistes. Les respostes obtingudes sobre pràctiques laborals en relació amb la cura han sigut analitzades i contextualitzades.
Així mateix, s'estudien i analitzen diferents casos paradigmàtics que presenten una notable vinculació amb les pràctiques de la cura com són el Centre HUARTE a Espanya, la biennal Manifesta 12 a Itàlia o el treball de l'artista Céline Condorelli a França, entre altres. A partir dels mateixos es constata que la influència de la teoria de la cura exerceix un protagonisme rellevant en l'àmbit artístic des de la dècada de 2010. S'aborda també el paper dels comuns urbans com a espais de generació d'infraestructures de cura i els punts essencials que defineixen una estètica de la cura. Finalment, es conclou que es confirma la hipòtesi plantejada i es realitza una classificació de les orientacions temàtiques que la cura adopta en l'àmbit expositiu contemporani. / [EN] This thesis addresses the relationship between care theory and artistic practice. Since the 1970s, inequality in reproductive and maintenance tasks in relation to gender has been highlighted. The ethics of care arises from the claim of the importance of this type of work, and its central position in social structures, it is a thought that is developed especially in a philosophical and political field. The research carried out shows that there is a strong influence of care thinking and practices on the artistic creation of the 21st century, especially in southern Europe. To address this connection, a study aimed at professionals in Spain, France, Portugal and Italy is proposed. The professional fields under study are those related to curating and cultural management, cultural institutions and, finally, artists and artist collectives. The responses obtained on work practices in relation to care have been analysed and contextualized.
Likewise, different paradigmatic cases that present a notable connection with care practices are studied, such as the HUARTE Center in Spain, the Manifesta 12 biennial in Italy or the work of the artist Céline Condorelli in France, among others. From these cases it is confirmed that the influence of care theory has played a relevant role in the artistic field since the 2010s. It is also addressed the role of urban commons as spaces generating care infrastructures and essential points that define an aesthetics of care. Finally, it is concluded that the proposed hypothesis is confirmed, in addition to a thematic classification of the ways in which care is adopted in the contemporary exhibition field. / Ferriols Montañana, A. (2024). Teoría del cuidado en el arte del siglo XXI. Propuestas de creación artística y gestión cultural en el sur de Europa durante el periodo 2000-2023 [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/203127
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Os donos das ideias: história e conflitos do direito autoral, do copyright e das patentes na crise contemporânea do capital: da rodada Uruguai (1986) aos partidos piratas (2006) / The owner of the ideas: history and conflicts of the authors right , of the copyright and from the patents in capitals contemporary crisis: from the Uruguay round (1986) to the pirate parties (2006)Souza Filho, Rubens Araujo Menezes de 04 August 2014 (has links)
Com a análise histórica da chamada propriedade intelectual, em especial das patentes, copyright e direitos autorais, esta tese trata da crise do capitalismo contemporâneo, e analisa a tendência dissimulada de ascensão de Estados, que com o uso da tecnologia informática e o recrudescimento das legislações, se tornam cada vez mais autoritários e avançam sobre direitos e liberdades civis. Para isso é reconstituída a história dos computadores, da Internet, do Movimento do Software Livre, dos Partidos Piratas, do movimento do Software Livre no Brasil, das legislações de propriedade intelectual no mundo ocidental e da globalização do comércio e das finanças / Through the historical analysis of the \"intellectual property\", in particular patents, copyright and authors rights, this thesis deals with the crisis of contemporary capitalism, and analyzes the covert increasing trend of states, that with the use of computer technology and the intensification of laws, become increasingly authoritarian, eroding civil rights and liberties secured by populations long ago. To reach this objective the history of computers, the Internet, the Free Software Movement, the Pirate Parties, the Free Software movement in Brazil, the intellectual property laws in the Western world and the globalization of trade and finance are reconstituted
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