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This dissertation explores the phenomenon of ways of speaking in the Nanti speech community of Montetoni, in southeastern Peruvian Amazonia, between 1999 and 2009. In the context of this study, a 'way of speaking' is a socially meaningful, conventionalized sound pattern, manifest at the level of the utterance, that expresses the speaker's orientation toward some aspect of the interaction. This study closely examines both the sound patterns and patterns of use of three Nanti ways of speaking — matter-of-fact talk, scolding talk, and hunting talk — and describes each one in relation to a broader set of linguistic, social, and cultural practices characteristic of the speech community at the time. The data for this study is naturally-occurring discourse recorded during multi-party, face-to-face interactions in Montetoni. Bringing together methods developed by linguists, linguistic anthropologists, conversation analysts, and interactional sociologists, this study explores the communicative relations among participants, interactions, situations of interaction, and the utterances that link them all, attending to both the individual-level cognitive (subjective) facets of interpersonal communication and the necessarily intersubjective environment in which communication takes place. In order to disaggregate the multiple levels of signification evidenced in specific utterances, tokens are examined at four levels of organization: the sound form, the sentence, the turn, and the move. The data are presented via audio files; acoustic analyses; sequentially-organized and temporally-anchored interlinearized transcripts; and composite visual representations, all of which are framed by detailed ethnographic description. Nantis' ways of speaking are shown to consistently and systematically convey social aspects of 'meaning' that are crucial to utterance interpretation and, therefore, to successful interpersonal communication. Based on the robust correspondences between sound form and communicative function identified in the Nanti communicative system, this study proposes that ways of speaking are a cross-linguistically viable level of organization in language use that awaits discovery and description in other speech communities. The research project itself is framed in terms of the practical issues that emerged through the author's own experiences in learning to communicate appropriately in monolingual Nanti society, and the ethical issues that motivate community-oriented documentation of endangered language practices. / text

nÃo hà / A proposta desse trabalho à investigar a operacionalizaÃÃo das prÃticas comunicativas empreendidas por Raul LampiÃo do Crato. Uma figura disposta com atributos de Raul Seixas â cabelo, barba, porte fÃsico - adornado com chapÃu, cartucheiras e sandÃlias de couro, inspirado no cangaceiro LampiÃo. O personagem realiza serviÃo publicitÃrio de propaganda volante no centro comercial do Crato, cidade localizada no interior do Estado do CearÃ. à na exposiÃÃo pÃblica que Raul LampiÃo apresenta suas prÃticas comunicativas, articulando negociaÃÃes nas quais sobressaem ora elementos e caracterÃsticas de natureza econÃmica, ora elementos e caracterÃsticas de natureza social (Bakhtin, 1987; Bitti Zani, 1997; Thompson, 1998). Diante desse contexto, utiliza-se a anÃlise crÃtica da narrativa (Motta, 2013) como metodologia para compreender o personagem, seus discursos e suas expressÃes artÃsticas (MartÃn-Barbero, 2003; Carreira, 2005). Ao final desse trabalho, conclui-se que devido à complexidade das aÃÃes performÃticas (Hymes, 1975; Glusberg, 1987; Zumthor, 1993, 1997, 2003) empreendidas por Raul LampiÃo a relaÃÃo crÃtica estabelecida com a realidade à orientada pela sua atividade comercial, e vice-versa, como um fluxo de mÃo-dupla que se sustenta e se nutre diante das variadas e dissonantes circunstÃncias da vida cotidiana. / The purpose of this study is to investigate the implementation of communicative practices undertaken by Raul LampiÃo Crato. A figure willing to attribute Raul Seixas - hair, beard, physique - adorned with hat, cartridge belts and leather sandals, inspired by the bandit LampiÃo. The character performs advertising service advertising wheel in the commercial center of Crato, a town in the interior of CearÃ. It is on public display that Raul LampiÃo presents its communicative practices, coordinating negotiations in which stand elements and features of an economic nature sometimes, elements and features of a social nature in another hand (Bakhtin, 1987; Bitti Zani, 1997; Thompson, 1998). In this context, we use the critical analysis of the narrative (Motta, 2013) as a methodology to understand the character, his speeches and his artistic expressions (Martin-Barbero, 2003; Carreira, 2005). At the end of this work, it is concluded that due to the complexity of performing actions (Hymes, 1975; Glusberg, 1987; Zumthor, 1993, 1997, 2003) undertaken by Raul LampiÃo the critical relationship established with reality is guided by its commercial activity, and vice versa, as a two-way flow that sustains and feeds on the varied and dissonant circumstances of everyday life.

Fourteen years into democracy, South Africans yet need to transform into a truly united society. Transformation entails meaningful change and requires new mindsets, behaviours and worldviews. In this country, such change hinges on interaction and communication between all South Africans to facilitate insight into the unfamiliar lifeworlds and beliefs of others. In 2005 Dr. Steve Booysen, Group Chief Executive of the Absa Group, initiated an internal choir festival as a platform for social interaction and team building of staff across all cultures, age groups and post levels in the bank. This happened in the process of the Barclays Bank investment of billions of rands that would translate to its controlling share in Absa. Recognising the merge as a potential threat to the morale of the Absa work force, Booysen envisaged the choir project as a means to support staff during this phase of transformation in the bank. This study links theories relating to organisational development and the inherent power in music and musicking for positive change. The questionnaire (administered in three interventions between 2006 and 2008) was the primary instrument for obtaining data for this study. Absa’s choir project (the first of its kind in South Africa and possibly elsewhere in the world) offers unique possibilities for investigating the positive effects of musicking, and in particular choral singing, within a corporate environment. For optimal functioning, societies rely on their citizens to trust each other and share a civic culture. With the exception of the Indian community, choral singing is a practised tradition across all cultures in South Africa and thus presents a possible vehicle to promote healing and nation building in post-Apartheid South Africa. Genuine communication between citizens from all cultural backgrounds could help liberate South Africans of superficial prejudgments of each other. Where the inability to speak the others’ language(s) inhibits authentic communication, choral singing proffers unique opportunities for shared communicative experiences. Should choral singing prove to be an appropriate key to unlock such experiences for South Africa of differing cultural and language backgrounds, then choral singing is of great value to this society. / Thesis (DMus)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Music / unrestricted

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2018-08-27T20:59:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Suzane Gonçalves Duarte Peixoto - 2018.pdf: 16732602 bytes, checksum: 9cf9f311336ed8af5fb1d6604fc54e75 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2018-08-27T20:59:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Suzane Gonçalves Duarte Peixoto - 2018.pdf: 16732602 bytes, checksum: 9cf9f311336ed8af5fb1d6604fc54e75 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T20:59:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Suzane Gonçalves Duarte Peixoto - 2018.pdf: 16732602 bytes, checksum: 9cf9f311336ed8af5fb1d6604fc54e75 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-25 / With the advent of Information and Communication Technologies new conceptions, new practices and new requirements have emerged. Communication became understood as a field of exchange and interaction and no longer as a linear process, in which the sender has supremacy over the passive receiver. It also occurred to the disjunction between space and time, which contributed to the expansion of the fields of communication exchanges. Communicative practices ceased to be carried out only face-to-face and in the same space of time, to happen also in cyberspace through computer networks. Communication now occurs mainly through the internet and social media as internet sites that allow users greater possibility of interaction and participation. They are presented as important resources to increase communication between university libraries and users. Thus, the general objective is to identify the uses of Facebook by the libraries of the Brazilian Federal Universities in their communicative practices. And as specific objectives: to identify the libraries of the Brazilian Federal Universities; identify which of these university libraries make use of social media; analyze the content of the publications made by them on Facebook and identify for what purposes the libraries of Brazilian federal universities use Facebook. According to these objectives this research is classified as descriptive - exploratory and from the point of view of the problem approach is characterized as quali-quanti. This research was structured in four stages. The first stage consisted in the collection of information about the libraries of the Brazilian federal universities and the definition of the sample. The second step was to identify the use of social media by libraries. The third step involved in collecting data on the pages of the libraries on Facebook. The fourth step consisted in the content analysis of the publications carried out by the libraries of the Brazilian federal universities on Facebook. The survey showed that there are 655 university libraries (central and sectoral) spread throughout Brazil, present in all Brazilian Federal Universities. It was verified that of this total only 48.2% of the libraries use some type of social media, being Facebook, Twitter and Blog the most used by them. From the analysis of content of the publications it was identified that the libraries use their pages in Facebook, mainly, to talk about its products and services offered. Given the results and based on the theoretical reference, it is noticed that the libraries of Brazilian federal universities have incorporated social media into their communicative practices, but this still occurs in an unplanned way in most of them. In addition, they have attitudes that do not contribute to 2.0 libraries. / Com o advento das Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação emergiram novas concepções, novas práticas e também novas exigências. A comunicação passou a ser entendida enquanto um campo de troca e de interação e não mais como um processo linear, no qual o emissor tem supremacia sobre o receptor passivo. Ocorreu também à disjunção entre o espaço e o tempo, o que contribuiu para ampliação dos campos de trocas comunicacionais. As práticas comunicativas deixaram de ser realizadas apenas face a face e no mesmo espaço temporal, para acontecer também no ciberespaço por meio das redes de computadores. A comunicação ocorre agora, principalmente, por meio da internet e das mídias sociais enquanto sites na internet que permitem aos usuários maior possibilidade de interação e participação. Elas se apresentam como recursos importantes para ampliar a comunicação entre as bibliotecas universitárias e os usuários. Dessa forma essa pesquisa tem como objetivo geral identificar os usos do Facebook pelas bibliotecas das universidades federais brasileiras em suas práticas comunicativas. E como objetivos específicos: identificar as bibliotecas das universidades federais brasileiras; identificar quais dessas bibliotecas universitárias fazem uso de mídias sociais; analisar o conteúdo das publicações realizadas por elas no Facebook e identificar para quais finalidades as bibliotecas das universidades federais brasileiras usam o Facebook. Sob a perspectiva desses objetivos essa pesquisa se classifica como descritiva – exploratória e do ponto de vista da abordagem do problema caracteriza-se como quali-quanti. Foi estruturada em quatro etapas: a primeira consistiu no levantamento de informações sobre as bibliotecas das universidades federais brasileiras e na definição da amostra; na segunda etapa buscou-se identificar o uso de mídias sociais pelas bibliotecas; a terceira etapa compreendeu na coleta de dados nas páginas das bibliotecas no Facebook e a quarta etapa consistiu na análise de conteúdo das publicações realizadas pelas bibliotecas das universidades federais brasileiras no Facebook. O levantamento demonstrou que existem 655 bibliotecas universitárias (centrais e setoriais) presentes em todas as regiões brasileiras. Verificou-se que desse total apenas 48,2% das bibliotecas usam algum tipo de mídia social, sendo o Facebook, o Twitter e o Blog os mais usados por elas. Coletou-se os dados de 227 bibliotecas que possuem uma página no Facebook e a partir da análise de conteúdo das publicações identificou-se que as bibliotecas usam suas páginas no Facebook, principalmente, pra informar sobre seus produtos e serviços oferecidos. Diante dos resultados e com base no referencial teórico percebe-se que as bibliotecas das universidades federais brasileiras têm incorporado as mídias sociais em suas práticas comunicativas, mas isso ainda ocorre de forma não planejada na maioria delas. Além disso, elas possuem atitudes que não contribuem para serem consideradas bibliotecas 2.0.

OLIVEIRA, Denisia Souza de. Raul Lampião do Crato: as práticas comunicativas de um personagem em performance. 2016. 115f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Instituto de Cultura e Arte, Programa de Pós-graduação em Comunicação Social, Fortaleza (CE), 2016. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-27T12:38:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_dsoliveira.pdf: 3764540 bytes, checksum: 7727af5ad4361cd77fd15501b8ce22e9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-27T13:09:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_dsoliveira.pdf: 3764540 bytes, checksum: 7727af5ad4361cd77fd15501b8ce22e9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-27T13:09:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_dsoliveira.pdf: 3764540 bytes, checksum: 7727af5ad4361cd77fd15501b8ce22e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / The purpose of this study is to investigate the implementation of communicative practices undertaken by Raul Lampião Crato. A figure willing to attribute Raul Seixas - hair, beard, physique - adorned with hat, cartridge belts and leather sandals, inspired by the bandit Lampião. The character performs advertising service advertising wheel in the commercial center of Crato, a town in the interior of Ceará. It is on public display that Raul Lampião presents its communicative practices, coordinating negotiations in which stand elements and features of an economic nature sometimes, elements and features of a social nature in another hand (Bakhtin, 1987; Bitti Zani, 1997; Thompson, 1998). In this context, we use the critical analysis of the narrative (Motta, 2013) as a methodology to understand the character, his speeches and his artistic expressions (Martin-Barbero, 2003; Carreira, 2005). At the end of this work, it is concluded that due to the complexity of performing actions (Hymes, 1975; Glusberg, 1987; Zumthor, 1993, 1997, 2003) undertaken by Raul Lampião the critical relationship established with reality is guided by its commercial activity, and vice versa, as a two-way flow that sustains and feeds on the varied and dissonant circumstances of everyday life. / A proposta desse trabalho é investigar a operacionalização das práticas comunicativas empreendidas por Raul Lampião do Crato. Uma figura disposta com atributos de Raul Seixas – cabelo, barba, porte físico - adornado com chapéu, cartucheiras e sandálias de couro, inspirado no cangaceiro Lampião. O personagem realiza serviço publicitário de propaganda volante no centro comercial do Crato, cidade localizada no interior do Estado do Ceará. É na exposição pública que Raul Lampião apresenta suas práticas comunicativas, articulando negociações nas quais sobressaem ora elementos e características de natureza econômica, ora elementos e características de natureza social (Bakhtin, 1987; Bitti Zani, 1997; Thompson, 1998). Diante desse contexto, utiliza-se a análise crítica da narrativa (Motta, 2013) como metodologia para compreender o personagem, seus discursos e suas expressões artísticas (Martín-Barbero, 2003; Carreira, 2005). Ao final desse trabalho, conclui-se que devido à complexidade das ações performáticas (Hymes, 1975; Glusberg, 1987; Zumthor, 1993, 1997, 2003) empreendidas por Raul Lampião a relação crítica estabelecida com a realidade é orientada pela sua atividade comercial, e vice-versa, como um fluxo de mão-dupla que se sustenta e se nutre diante das variadas e dissonantes circunstâncias da vida cotidiana.

The present study shows how students, eleven years old, solve problems in mathematics when they work together in groups. The main question raised is about the difficulties students experience in finding the relationship between mathematics and everyday discourse and vice versa. Two empirical studies about students' problemsolving in mathematics divided into three different articles are presented in this study. One is about how students discuss, while they are trying to solve what the area of the triangle is. The other study is about how different solutions in problemsolving have various meanings. The main finding ofthis work concems communication. Depending on the social contexts, different kinds oflanguages are developed in. When children are in their everyday contexts, they use one kind oflanguage, that is they use everyday concepts. In school, children have to leam the language ofmathematics. Leaming mathematics is about getting students to use the language of mathematics to mediate events and phenomens in the world around. One can describe learning as assimilating communicative and technical tools. Which are used as mediating tools in social practices. Another main finding of this study is to show how a teacher can get students attentive to how to change between different types of discourse and how to use special conc~pts for a special context. The most important aspect is that a teacher has pedagogical conversations with students on how to move between different communicative contexts. Often, students have difficulties in understanding in which communicative context they are involved.

The study examined Accounting teachers’ pedagogical communicative practices and the academic achievement Accounting students, focusing on the extent of its occurrence. Teachers’ pedagogical communicative practices are the language behaviours and discourse strategies employed by teachers in their instructional delivery. The study employed an embedded concurrent mixed methods design. A questionnaire, Accounting achievement test for students, interview and observation guides were used to collect data from 481 respondents (made up of two heads of schools, 54 teachers, and 425 students) selected from 34 senior high schools in the Ahafo, Bono and Bono East Regions of Ghana. The quantitative data were analysed into descriptive and inferential statistics by using the SPSS software while the qualitative data were analysed thematically in accordance with the research questions. The findings from the study revealed that the Accounting teachers use appropriate pedagogical communicative practices (which include speaking loudly and boldly enough and making close eye contacts with students during class contributions) to help students to assimilate concepts better in Accounting, and to promote a stimulating learning environment. The study also revealed that teachers considered their students’ maturity level, needs, motivation and readiness to learn in deciding which methodology to use for a lesson. The study further revealed that there is no significant influence of pedagogical communicative practices on student academic achievement. Pedagogical communicative practices need to form part of the training of teachers for the senior high schools in order to prepare the teachers adequately for their assignments. Finally, the conceptual framework proposed is characterised by a synthesis of pedagogy and instructional communication, and the influence that such a combination has on the academic achievement of Senior High School Accounting students. To date, there is paucity of information in the extant literature regarding this practice in Africa, specifically, Ghana and hence the need for the current research to fill the gap. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / D. Phil. (Curriculum and Instructional Studies)

I den här avhandlingen studeras Europeiska kommissionens kommunikativa praktiker i ljuset av de pressmeddelanden som dagligen distribueras till världens största presskår i Bryssel, men också via internet till andra journalister och allmänheten. Övergripande syften med avhandlingen är att beskriva textproduktionen i denna en av världens största textproducenter och att lyfta fram den, hittills förvånansvärt osynliga, språkliga dimensionen av kommissionens kommunikation. Avhandlingen tar avstamp i ett dialogiskt perspektiv på kommunikation, där kommunikation förstås som en dynamisk process i vilken människor (sam)agerar i ett givet sammanhang. Avgörande blir således att se pressmeddelandena som en del av den produktions- och distributionskontext de ingår i, både på lokal nivå och på en mer övergripande institutionell nivå. Empiriskt bygger avhandlingen på fältstudier vid Europeiska kommissionen och textanalyser av pressmeddelanden från kommissionen och från franska och svenska departement. Pressmeddelandena studeras både som process och produkt: formuleringsprocesser å ena sidan och textmönster och tempusbruk å den andra. Som ett exempel detaljstuderas produktionen av två pressmeddelanden mot bakgrund av skribenternas förklaringar och motiveringar till sina ändringar. Med sin unika inblick i hur ett pressmeddelande blir till steg för steg och av olika aktörer utgör denna del ett viktigt bidrag till forskningen om pressmeddelanden, som först på senare år blivit mer processinriktad. De olika delstudierna ger alla vid handen att kommissionen, enkelt uttryckt, måste arbeta mer för att underbygga sin argumentation och för att göra sina initiativ mer begripliga, legitima och motiverade. Detta kan i stor utsträckning tillskrivas den mer komplicerade kommunikationssituationen som gäller för kommissionen i förhållande till de nationella departement som är jämförelsematerial i studien. / The thesis investigates the European Commission’s communicative practices in the light of the press releases that are distributed daily to the world’s largest press corps in Brussels and on the Internet to other journalists and the general public. The overall aim of the thesis is to describe the text production of one of the largest text producers in the world and to highlight the linguistic dimensions of the Commission’s communicative practices, which until now have received little scholarly attention. The study adopts a dialogical perspective on communication, where communication is understood as a dynamic process in which people interact in a given context. This means that the press releases are seen as parts of the production and distribution context in which they are embedded, both on a local level and on a more general institutional level. The empirical data on which the study is based comprise field studies at the European Commission and text analyses of press releases issued by the Commission and French and Swedish ministries. The press releases are analysed on different linguistic levels, text pattern and the use of tense, on the one hand, and composition processes on the other. As an example, the production of two press releases is studied in detail, in view of the authors’ comments to and motivations for changes to the texts. With its unique insight into how a press release is drafted step by step and by the different parties involved this part of the thesis is an important contribution to research on press releases, which only recently has become more oriented towards the production process. The results of the analyses highlight the fact that the Commission, to a greater extent than the national ministries, must substantiate its argumentation and make its initiatives more comprehensible, legitimate, and motivated. This finding may be ascribed to the more complex communication situation of the Commission, compared to the national ministries, which served as material for comparison in the study.

Interactions are formed and shaped differently from culture to culture. This thesis focuses on this phenomenon and in the first part deals with (from a theoretical view) the question, how the interplay between language-use and culture can be described. A cross-disciplinary approach within the scope of cross-cultural communication research is developed as is a semiotic concept, based on mainly linguistic, interactional and anthropological theories and methods. In order to describe different culture-specific interactional styles the semiotic field called embedding culture is outlined as an important resource for participants organizing talk-in-interactions. In the second part of this book the relevance of this approach is applied and tested. With the aid of various video recordings of ‘lunch-talks’ among colleagues at a restaurant in Sweden and Germany, this specific type of action and their cultural patterns are analyzed in order to describe cultural-specific styles in face-to-face-interaction. The methodological problem of recorded interaction is pointed out and the role of the camera highlighted. As the analyzed data is mainly based on interactions between men also gender-aspects are discussed. Furthermore, the scenario, time aspects and the customs and rituals of interactions at table are taken into account as relevant features of the embedding culture, all going into a culture-specific style of interaction. The results of the empirical study are, finally, correlated with other, not interaction-based analyses in the field of cross-cultural communication, and the specific national-cultural dimensions are critically discussed. / Interaktioner utformas och gestaltas olika från kultur till kultur. Avhandlingen fokuserar på denna aspekt och behandlar först ur ett teoretiskt perspektiv hur detta fenomen kan beskrivas. Med en tvärvetenskaplig ansats inom ramen av den s.k. interkulturella kommunikationsforskningen (cross-cultural communication) kombineras kulturanalytiska med lingvistiska och samtalsanalytiska teorier och metoder. Ett semiotiskt koncept utarbetas med hjälp av vilka olika kulturspecifika interaktionsstilar kan beskrivas. Det semiotiska fältet som koncipierats kallas för Einbettungskultur (’inbäddningskulturen’). I den andra delen används och prövas detta koncept. Med hjälp av ett flertal videoinspelade lunchsamtal i Sverige och Tyskland analyseras konkreta exempel på kommunikativ praxis och deras kulturella mönster i jämförbara interaktionssituationer. Det beskrivs hur den kulturspecifika interaktionsstilen vid lunchen bland svenska arbetskollegor kan skilja sig från det tyskspråkiga sättet att gestalta samma interaktionstyp. Inspelningssituationen problematiseras och kamerans roll i interaktionen diskuteras. Eftersom analyserna huvudsakligen baseras på samtal mellan män tas genusperspektivet upp. Vid sidan av själva samtalen analyseras även scenariot, tidsaspekten och ritualiseringen av interaktionen vid bordet som tre aspekter av inbäddningskulturen som tillsammans bidrar till en kulturspecifik interaktionsstil. Resultaten av den kulturella analysen som tar sin utgångspunkt i en konkret och jämförbar interaktionssituation i olika kulturer relateras avslutningsvis till andra, icke-interaktionsbaserade analyser inom den interkulturella kommunikationsforskningen och nationalkulturella beskrivningar problematiseras.