This diploma thesis deals with the important composer from Kutná Hora, the author of several pieces for children and especially the creator of children's opera Marie Kučerová-Herbstová (1896-1962). The individual chapters deal with composer's personal life, professional activities, ties to Kutná Hora as well as her work and provide closer look at the children's operas she created.

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This bachelor thesis explores how the composer handles and structures his composing based on pre-determined timeframes and how the composing process are affected by these given timeframes. The theory chapter brings up how short deadlines to compose affect how filmcomposers and other artists work when they create or compose. Previous studies bring up that composers want to write faster and be more efficient.  Three different musical pieces were composed to explore different lengths of pre-determined timeframes. Piece nr. 1 had a timeframe of 10 hours, piece nr.2 had a timeframe of 25 hours and piece nr. 3 had a timeframe of 50 hours to compose. All the pieces were written for a string quartet and had in addition to the timeframes a few other specific rules to follow.  The conclusion that came of this study was a deeper understanding of how pre-determined timeframes affect a composer’s creative process. A short timeframe gave the composer an intense couple of days of composing where the creative choices were based mostly from previous knowledge and inspiration of other musical pieces. A long timeframe gave the composer more time to reflect on the music that was written and a chance to explore new ideas. With a long timeframe the composer could challenge himself to create something entirely new. The short timeframe was easier to structure and be efficient on. The longer timeframes got harder to structure in terms of what the composer thought he could and would create in that amount of time.

The theme of the song Lonely Woman by Ornette Coleman and the song It’s Halloween by The Shaggs has something in common when it comes to how the different instruments relate rhythmically to each other. I would call it a musical quality that could be described as a feeling of ungraspability. I had this quality in focus during a process of listening to music, writing music and playing music. To describe the cause of this quality I felt the need to define two concepts I named 1) rubato structures; rhythmic structures that aren’t based on, nor establish a steady pulse, and 2) tempo structures; rhythmic structures that are based on and establishes a steady pulse. Throughout the project I identified the cause of the quality, to be combinations of rubato structures and tempo structures, however my understanding developed during the project to a more specific definition which was layers of rubato structures and tempo structures. In the 6 compositions that this project resulted in, I created a number of musical situations with my group, which all had these elements. When listed, these situations rather systematically go through ways of combining structures in regards to different parameters. When listened to, at least for me, several of them give rise to the feeling of ungraspability I had in focus. My attempts to describe and analyze the many inspiring examples stretching from Charles Ives to Swedish contemporary vocal folk music, helped me to develope tools for making music of my own, rather than resulting in some objective truth, or a system for describing and analyzing music that would work objectively. One thing I would consider objectively true, however, is that there are a lot of different ways of creating rhythmic complexity, where some ways are very tedious and difficult for the musicians. With rhythmic layers of rather simple structures, containing rubato structures, I can create rhythmic complexity beyond the quantifiable, just by putting the human impulses in control. Takt in Swedish could mean many things, such as beat, meter, bar, measure. Otakt is often used as a negative word to describe a failed attempt to play in time, but is also linguistically the negation of takt (thus meaning no beat, no meter, no bar, no measure). Takt och (and) Otakt is therefor a play with words, since otakt relates to things in this study that is embraced rather than avoided. / <p>Bilaga: CD</p>

Esta pesquisa abrange a temática da construção argumentativa na produção textual nas salas de aula do 9º ano do EFII e 1ª série do EM de uma escola particular de classe média alta em uma cidade da grande São Paulo. Seu foco está nos desafios enfrentados pelos professores para trabalhar a argumentação utilizando-se de repertório sócio-cultural produtivo. Duas grandes dificuldades foram encontradas no trabalho dessa temática: conciliar as orientações dos manuais de redação e apostilas ao trabalho de autoria no que tange à escolha das propostas e variação dos gêneros trabalhados em sala de aula, bem como a dificuldade de os alunos utilizarem seu repertório para a realização de produções cujo conteúdo está priorizado em detrimento da forma. De modo geral, das dúvidas que foram surgindo, a pesquisa foi centrada na seguinte questão: como é possível auxiliar o aluno no desenvolvimento de um repertório sócio-cultural que acrescente elementos relevantes em suas produções escritas? O objetivo da pesquisa é contribuir para investigações, referentes a ensino e aprendizagem de produções escritas, por meio de sequências didáticas (SDs) que contemplem propostas desafiadoras e lúdicas, bem como acompanhar e mensurar os avanços em produção escrita de textos dissertativos, por meio do incentivo ao desenvolvimento de um repertório sócio-cultural, embasado em posicionamentos críticos. Quanto aos procedimentos metodológicos, foram realizadas: avaliação diagnóstica, mapeamento do perfil do aluno por meio de uma produção escrita, SDs para aplicação de Proposta de produção inicial e final e organização dos dados em tabelas e gráficos para melhor visualização dos resultados. A análise dos dados foi realizada com base nas concepções teóricas de Bauman (2012), SemeghiniSiqueira (2010), Marcuschi (2008), Martins (2007), Lakoff e Jonhson (2002) e Bakthin (1992). O trabalho ainda apresenta reflexões acerca das concepções de cultura trazidas pelos alunos, detalhamento do trabalho com linguagem verbal e não verbal e concepções do uso metafórico no eixo da informação. A partir dessa pesquisa, depreende-se que é possível contribuir para que ocorra um avanço significativo na aquisição e no uso de um repertório sócio-cultural por meio da aplicação de Sequências Didáticas, ou seja, por propostas lúdico desafiadoras, uma vez que os resultados quantitativos apontam para uma melhora significativa nas competências relacionadas ao uso dessas informações aplicadas à temática trabalhada. / This research covers the thematic of argumentative construction at text production in the 9th grade from ES and 1st grade of HS classrooms of a private upper middle school in a city from São Paulo region. Its focus is on the challenges faced by the teachers to work the argumentation using the socio-cultural productive repertoire. Two major difficulties encountered on the development of this theme are: to conciliate the orientations from the writing manuals and guideswith the work of authorship which touches the choice of the proposals and genders variation worked during the class, as well as the difficulty of the students to use their repertoire in the creation of productions in which content is prioritized in detriment of the form. This researchs objective is to contribute to the investigation in this area through didactic sequences (DSs) that contemplate challenging proposals and epilingual activities, as well as to follow and to measure the advances of reading and writing skills through the incentive to the development and assistance for the utilization of a socio-cultural productive repertoire into dissertation texts in school. In relation tomore specific objectives, there is the identification of the strategies which were more effective during the research, and the comparison of an initial production and a final one throughout two years following the samegroup in distinct segments (FEII and ME), considering the strong influence exercised by the entrance exams comprehended inthis school period. About the methodologic procedures, itwas performed: diagnostic evaluation, students profile mappingthrough a written production, DSs to the application of an initial and final writing proposal and the organization of the data into charts and graphs to a better visualization of the results. The data analysis has been performed with base in the theoretical conceptions of Bauman (2012),Semeghini-Siqueira (2010),Marcuschi (2008), Martins (2007),Lakoff and Jonhson (2002) and Bakthin (1992). This work still presents reflections concerning the culture conceptionsbrought by the students, work detailing with verbal and non-verbal language and conceptions of the metaphorical use in the axis of information. The conclusions indicate that along the DSs there was an advance of the reading competence and the productive use of the socio-cultural repertoire through the re-writing activities developed during the project.

Esta pesquisa abrange a temática da construção argumentativa na produção textual nas salas de aula do 9º ano do EFII e 1ª série do EM de uma escola particular de classe média alta em uma cidade da grande São Paulo. Seu foco está nos desafios enfrentados pelos professores para trabalhar a argumentação utilizando-se de repertório sócio-cultural produtivo. Duas grandes dificuldades foram encontradas no trabalho dessa temática: conciliar as orientações dos manuais de redação e apostilas ao trabalho de autoria no que tange à escolha das propostas e variação dos gêneros trabalhados em sala de aula, bem como a dificuldade de os alunos utilizarem seu repertório para a realização de produções cujo conteúdo está priorizado em detrimento da forma. De modo geral, das dúvidas que foram surgindo, a pesquisa foi centrada na seguinte questão: como é possível auxiliar o aluno no desenvolvimento de um repertório sócio-cultural que acrescente elementos relevantes em suas produções escritas? O objetivo da pesquisa é contribuir para investigações, referentes a ensino e aprendizagem de produções escritas, por meio de sequências didáticas (SDs) que contemplem propostas desafiadoras e lúdicas, bem como acompanhar e mensurar os avanços em produção escrita de textos dissertativos, por meio do incentivo ao desenvolvimento de um repertório sócio-cultural, embasado em posicionamentos críticos. Quanto aos procedimentos metodológicos, foram realizadas: avaliação diagnóstica, mapeamento do perfil do aluno por meio de uma produção escrita, SDs para aplicação de Proposta de produção inicial e final e organização dos dados em tabelas e gráficos para melhor visualização dos resultados. A análise dos dados foi realizada com base nas concepções teóricas de Bauman (2012), SemeghiniSiqueira (2010), Marcuschi (2008), Martins (2007), Lakoff e Jonhson (2002) e Bakthin (1992). O trabalho ainda apresenta reflexões acerca das concepções de cultura trazidas pelos alunos, detalhamento do trabalho com linguagem verbal e não verbal e concepções do uso metafórico no eixo da informação. A partir dessa pesquisa, depreende-se que é possível contribuir para que ocorra um avanço significativo na aquisição e no uso de um repertório sócio-cultural por meio da aplicação de Sequências Didáticas, ou seja, por propostas lúdico desafiadoras, uma vez que os resultados quantitativos apontam para uma melhora significativa nas competências relacionadas ao uso dessas informações aplicadas à temática trabalhada. / This research covers the thematic of argumentative construction at text production in the 9th grade from ES and 1st grade of HS classrooms of a private upper middle school in a city from São Paulo region. Its focus is on the challenges faced by the teachers to work the argumentation using the socio-cultural productive repertoire. Two major difficulties encountered on the development of this theme are: to conciliate the orientations from the writing manuals and guideswith the work of authorship which touches the choice of the proposals and genders variation worked during the class, as well as the difficulty of the students to use their repertoire in the creation of productions in which content is prioritized in detriment of the form. This researchs objective is to contribute to the investigation in this area through didactic sequences (DSs) that contemplate challenging proposals and epilingual activities, as well as to follow and to measure the advances of reading and writing skills through the incentive to the development and assistance for the utilization of a socio-cultural productive repertoire into dissertation texts in school. In relation tomore specific objectives, there is the identification of the strategies which were more effective during the research, and the comparison of an initial production and a final one throughout two years following the samegroup in distinct segments (FEII and ME), considering the strong influence exercised by the entrance exams comprehended inthis school period. About the methodologic procedures, itwas performed: diagnostic evaluation, students profile mappingthrough a written production, DSs to the application of an initial and final writing proposal and the organization of the data into charts and graphs to a better visualization of the results. The data analysis has been performed with base in the theoretical conceptions of Bauman (2012),Semeghini-Siqueira (2010),Marcuschi (2008), Martins (2007),Lakoff and Jonhson (2002) and Bakthin (1992). This work still presents reflections concerning the culture conceptionsbrought by the students, work detailing with verbal and non-verbal language and conceptions of the metaphorical use in the axis of information. The conclusions indicate that along the DSs there was an advance of the reading competence and the productive use of the socio-cultural repertoire through the re-writing activities developed during the project.

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