Thesis advisor: Callista Roy / Despite the concept of healing being central to nursing, there has been a lack of conceptual clarity. This study sought to understand how expert nurses in practice conceptualize healing and how this conceptualization affects their practice. The sample consisted of 50 practicing nurses from multiple practice settings in an academic health system in Western Massachusetts. The study used a mixed method design using an electronic adaptation of the Delphi method. Findings from the study suggested a high level of consensus about the concept of healing in nursing. Qualitative data from the open-ended questions of Round 1 were coded into items about healing on subsequent quantitative surveys in Rounds 2 and 3. Participants ranked their level of agreement or disagreement with these statements. Ultimately, 49 statements met the a priori criteria for consensus as to what healing means from a nursing perspective. The overarching themes of statements were comprised of Nursing Actions to Promote Healing, Theoretical Understanding of Healing, Nurse Attributes to Promote Healing, Other Factors that Promote Healing, Types of Healing and Assessment of Healing. This study adds to the literature an exclusively nursing perspective on healing. The nursing-specific concept of healing synthesized from the data could be described as progression towards wholeness, with subjective and objective outcomes, promoted by the actions of nurses. The clarification of the concept of healing can inform research to create measurements for healing. It also can improve practice by articulating an existent conceptual framework, allowing nurses and administrators to better promote healing both directly and indirectly. Lastly, the results of this study offer students a simple yet accurate way of prioritizing nursing interventions. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2015. / Submitted to: Boston College. Connell School of Nursing. / Discipline: Nursing.

Até o presente, todas as avaliações de regime político tiveram que escolher um lado ao depararem- se com o trade-off entre tipo e grau. Esforços dicotômicos e tricotômicos produziram avaliações tipológicas significativas, mas incapazes de estabelecer gradações entre países muito diferentes. Trabalhos policotômicos ou contínuos forneceram avaliações nuançadas, todavia as tipologias que derivam deles são casuísticas e baseadas em distinções artificiais. Ademais, avaliações de países em desenvolvimento frequentemente apresentam sérios problemas de validade e adequação conceitual. Este estudo usa insights da lógica de fuzzy sets de modo a superar o mencionado trade-off, mediante o desenvolvimento de uma avaliação original de regimes que é contínua e de natureza tanto qualitativa como quantitativa, apresentando maior poder discriminatório do que todas as demais disponíveis na literatura. O trabalho também mostra que aspectos relacionados ao primado da lei são cruciais para o exame de regimes políticos e não podem ser desconsiderados, sobretudo quando países em desenvolvimento são analisados. Colômbia e Venezuela foram os casos em que o arcabouço elaborado foi aplicado, o que resultou em avaliações que apresentam menos problemas de validade e adequação conceitual do que as produzidas por Cheibub, Gandhi e Vreeland, Freedom House e Polity IV. / So far, all measures of political regimes had to choose sides when faced with the trade-off between degree and type. Polychotomous or continuous works provide nuanced evaluations, but the classifications they use are casuistic and based on ad hoc distinctions. Dichotomous and trichotomous attempts, although producing meaningful classifications, are incapable of distinguishing between very different countries. Additionally, evaluations concerning developing countries often present serious validity and conceptual adequacy problems. This study uses insights from fuzzy sets logic in order to overcome the mentioned trade-off by developing an original measure of regimes that is continuous and both qualitative and quantitative in nature, exhibiting more discriminating power than all the others available in the literature. This work also shows that aspects related to the rule of law are crucial to assessments of political regimes and should not be overlooked, especially when developing countries are examined. Colombia and Venezuela were the cases to which the measure elaborated was applied, what resulted in evaluations that present less validity and conceptual adequacy problems than the ones produced by Cheibub, Gandhi and Vreeland, Freedom House and Polity IV.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2019-03-25T12:57:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 John Richart Schabarum_.pdf: 1883236 bytes, checksum: a32f3558165062a9538532724cd383fe (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-25T12:57:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 John Richart Schabarum_.pdf: 1883236 bytes, checksum: a32f3558165062a9538532724cd383fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-02-21 / Fundo Pe. Theobaldo Frantz / O objetivo deste trabalho é averiguar quais metáforas conceptuais e/ou discursivas são produzidas, assim como verificar seu caráter sistemático no discurso de videoaulas de Biologia no YouTube. Contamos, também, com objetivos específicos que são verificar quais os padrões textuais motivadores de organização metafórica no discurso, o grau de novidade e convencionalidade dessas metáforas, investigar a relação entre as metáforas linguísticas/conceptuais verificadas e os conceitos científicos representados por elas, assim como investigar em que medida essas metáforas funcionam como estratégias de ensino nessas videoaulas. Como aporte teórico, nos valemos das seguintes perspectivas: a Teoria da Metáfora Conceptual (LAKOFF e JOHNSON, 2002 [1980]), a perspectiva da Metáfora Sistemática (CAMERON, 1999; 2003; 2010) e a perspectiva da Metáfora no Discurso (SEMINO, 2008). Nosso corpus de estudo constitui-se de seis transcrições de videoaulas de Biologia geradas automaticamente pela plataforma YouTube. Essas transcrições foram coletadas na plataforma do YouTube e posteriormente compiladas. O passo seguinte foi a organização/divisão dessas transcrições nas sequências didáticas preconizadas por Cameron (2003). Para atender aos nossos objetivos de pesquisa seguimos os seguintes procedimentos metodológicos: (a) identificar os veículos metafóricos, (b) inferir as metáforas conceptuais e as metáforas sistemáticas/discursivas, por meio das expressões metafóricas encontradas (metáforas linguísticas) em nosso corpus de pesquisa, (c) verificar e analisar os padrões textuais apontados por Semino (2008) mais frequentes e sua relação com a emergência de metáforas linguísticas (expressões metafóricas) e conceptuais, (d) classificar as metáforas linguísticas de acordo com tipologia - convencional ou nova/criativa/imaginativa, (e) classificar as metáforas linguísticas encontradas na tipologia preconizada por Cameron (2003), que consiste em metáforas subtécnicas, técnicas e técnicas constitutivas de teoria, (f) quantificar as metáforas linguísticas (expressões metafóricas) em cada sequência didática, (g) discutir e analisar os dados. Os resultados demonstraram que há uma expressiva quantidade de metáforas conceptuais e sistemáticas/discursivas nos dados, algumas delas, inclusive, manifestando-se em mais de uma videoaula. Algumas metáforas demonstraram estreita relação com o tema/tópico da aula na qual se manifestaram, apontando, dessa maneira, para formas de conceptualização de conceitos científicos. Além disso, verificamos regularidades entre os padrões textuais por meio do qual se apresentaram no discurso e seu grau de novidade ou convencionalidade. Ao mesmo tempo, os resultados quantitativos demonstraram que as sequências didáticas mais profícuas à manifestação metafórica são a explicação, o gerenciamento de agenda e a sequência didática denominada de outros. A última constatação é a de que houve forte relação entre metáforas e a explicação de conceitos científicos e, a partir disso, o uso de metáforas configura-se como uma ferramenta/estratégia de ensino eficiente. / The objective of this paper is to investigate which conceptual and/or discursive metaphors are produced, as well as to verify its systematic nature in the discourse of video lessons of Biology on YouTube. We also have specific objectives that are to verify the textual patterns that motivate metaphorical organization in the discourse, the degree of novelty and conventionality of these metaphors, to investigate the relationship between the verified linguistic/conceptual metaphors and the scientific concepts represented by them, as well as to investigate to what extent these metaphors function as strategies of teaching in these video lessons. As a theoretical base, we use the following perspectives: the Theory of Conceptual Metaphor (LAKOFF and JOHNSON, 2002 [1980]), the perspective of the Systematic Metaphor (CAMERON, 1999; 2003; 2010) and the perspective of Metaphor in Discourse (SEMINO, 2008). Our research corpus consists of six transcripts of Biology video lessons automatically generated by the YouTube platform. These transcripts were collected on the YouTube platform and then compiled. The next step was the organization/division of these transcriptions into the didactic sequences advocated by Cameron (2003). In order to reach our research objectives, we applied the following methodological procedures: (a) to identify the metaphorical vehicles, (b) to infer conceptual metaphors and systematic/discursive metaphors through the metaphorical expressions found (linguistic metaphors) in our research corpus, (c) to verify and analyze the most frequent textual patterns pointed out by Semino (2008) and its relation with the emergence of linguistic metaphors (metaphorical expressions) and conceptual ones, (d) to classify linguistic metaphors according to typology - conventional or new/creative/imaginative, (e) to classify the linguistic metaphors found in the typology advocated by Cameron (2003), which consists of subtechnical metaphors, technical and technical theory-constitutive, (f) to quantify linguistic metaphors (metaphoric expressions) in each didactic sequence, (g) to discuss and analyze the data. The results showed that there is an expressive amount of conceptual and systematic/discursive metaphors in the data, some of them, even being manifested in more than one video lesson. Some of these metaphors showed a close relationship with the topic of the class in which they were manifested, thus pointing to ways of conceptualizing scientific concepts. In addition, we verified regularities between the textual patterns through which they appeared in the discourse and their degree of novelty or conventionality. At the same time, the quantitative results demonstrated that the didactic sequences most profitable to the metaphorical manifestation are the explanation, the agenda management and the didactic sequence denominated others. The last observation is that there was a strong relationship between metaphors and the explanation of scientific concepts and, from this, the use of metaphors is configured as an efficient teaching tool/strategy.

O presente trabalho propõe-se a entender a conceituação, bem como as principais características, do mukashi-banashi japonês, gênero que no ocidente corresponde aos contos folclóricos, por meio da análise dos elementos que o constituem. Examinamos fatores históricos de origem e apogeu dos estudos de mukashi-banashi no Japão e também pesquisas do gênero no Brasil. Nosso objetivo foi realizar um levantamento da conceituação do mukashi-banashi, sobretudo com base nos trabalhos de pesquisadores japoneses, e, a partir disso, compreender de modo global a definição do gênero. Nossa análise das narrativas selecionadas como corpus foi realizada tendo em vista as características sistematizadas principalmente por Kôji Inada (2010), como keishikiku, progressão da narrativa e caracterização de personagens, entre outras / This study aims to understand the conceptualization, as well as the main characteristics, of the Japanese mukashi-banashi, a genre which in the West corresponds to the folktales, by analyzing the elements that constitute it. Through the historical factors analysis, it was examined the origin and the apogee of the mukashi-banashis studies in Japan and researches of this genre in Brazil. Our goal was to survey the conceptualization of mukashi-banashi mainly based on the work of Japanese researchers and, from that, to understand holistically the genres definition. Our analysis of the narratives selected as corpus was done in view of the characteristics systematized mainly by Kôji Inada (2010), such as keishikiku, narratives progression, and characters characterization, among others

This study examined the supervision effectiveness of three online peer supervision models as measured by the two outcome variables of case conceptualization skills and self-efficacy. Also, it explored the impact of developmental levels of school counselors on the outcomes of supervision. Practicing school counselors from a national sample were randomly assigned to three groups: the Online Structured Peer Supervision Group (S group), the Online Peer Discussion Group (D group), and the Control Group. Two instruments measuring the outcome variables (dependent variables) were administered: the Clinical Hypothesis Exercise Form (CHEF) and the Counselor Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES). The independent variables were the two experimental conditions and the supervisee years of experience. In addition, the Counselor Supervision Experience Questionnaire collected information regarding the overall on-line supervision experience. No significant differences were found before and after the online peer supervision groups by statistical analysis; however, positive feedback regarding the supervision experience was provided by participants in response to qualitative questions.

When it comes to the production and reception of texts, most linguists will readily agree that writers as well as readers constitute and follow typical text patterns as they produce and read texts. It has become common today to describe text patterns as typical sets of manifestations of formal, thematic, and pragmatic features that arise from resemblances between different texts and that are inscribed in the communicative memories of a language community. However, speakers also transcend text patterns every day and oscillate between following and overstepping textual rules. This thesis investigates how speakers categorize linguistic knowledge in text patterns, and follow and transcend these patterns in everyday communication, using the example of Rainald Goetz’ text Loslabern. Excerpts from reviews about Loslabern illustrate how readers perceive the text: Some readers consider Loslabern as a ‘ruined’ text that falls apart, whereas others describe Loslabern as ‘ocean-like’ and fluid. Based on these reader experiences, the thesis attempts to answer the following central question: How can we describe ‘Loslabern’ and connatural texts from the viewpoint of textual linguistics in accordance with the readers’ intuitions? The thesis proposes and discusses three options: Textual linguistics may describe Loslabern i) as a broken text, ii) in terms of different concepts of text pattern, and iii) in terms of a novel concept of text pattern. The analytical section focuses on a discussion of different concepts of text pattern: discrete structural and prototypical pragmatic concepts. It examines how these concepts fall short of describing Loslabern in accordance with the readers’ intuitions. Following Wittgenstein and his concept of family resemblance, it creates a multi-dimensional and open concept of text patterns. This concept enables textual linguistics to depict the intertextual embeddedness of Loslabern and other texts systematically, to gain insight into the mechanisms of forming and transcending text patterns, and to describe Loslabern in accordance with the diversity of readers’ intuitions. In doing so, the thesis points at new directions in linguistics as well as literary studies.

Syftet i detta examensarbete är att få en inblick i hur förskollärare/barnskötare planerar och stödjer barnen i deras sökande efter olika matematiska begrepp i lek med vatten. Vi har gjort en tvärvetenskaplig undersökning på fyra 1-3 års avdelningar, som är baserad på ett hermeneutiska tankesätt där vi har tolkat förskollärarnas/barnskötarens agerande vid vattenlek. Vi har använt oss av kvalitativa undersökningsmetoder i intervjuerna och observationerna. Resultatet i vår undersökning visar att förskollärarens/barnskötarens egna kunskaper i matematiska begrepp, planering av aktiviteten, förståelse för barnens kunskaper är viktiga för vidareutveckling av barnens matematiska begreppsbildning / The purpose of this thesis is to gain an insight into the preschool/childcare workers plan and support the children in their search for various mathematical concepts in play with water. We have conducted a multidisciplinary study of four 1-3 year divisions, which are based on a hermeneutic thinking where we have interpreted preschool teacher/childcare workers conduct in water play. We have used the qualitative investigation in the interviews and observations. The results of our study show that preschool teacher/childcare workers knowledge of mathematical concepts, planning of activity, understanding of children's knowledge are important to the development of children's mathematical concepts.

Syftet med undersökningen är att få en uppfattning kring arbetet som sker på förskolan då det förekommer ett barn med språkstörning. Undersökningen består av fyra intervjuade pedagoger som delar sina kunskaper och erfarenheter kring att arbeta med språkstörning, vilka metoder de använder sig av, hur de anser att miljön på förskolan bör vara utformad samt hur de lägger upp en pedagogisk verksamhet för att barnen på bästa sätt ska utveckla sitt språk Ur resultatet så framkommer det väldigt stor skillnad i både kunskap och pedagogernas kompetens gällande språkstörning, samt att de använder sig av metoder med både manuell och hjälpmedelsbaserad alternativ kompletterande kommunikation. Flera uppfattningar från pedagogerna avser utformning av förskolans miljö samt hur de lägger upp den pedagogiska verksamheten för att barnen ska få bästa möjlighet till språkutveckling. Sammanfattningsvis anser alla de intervjuade pedagogerna att deras viktigaste plikt och förhållningssätt är att de är närvarande pedagoger så att barnen får de rätta förutsättningarna att lära sig språk. / The aim of this study is to gain an understanding of the work that takes place in a preschool when there are children with specific language impairment. The study consists of interviews with four pedagogues who share their knowledge and experience of working with language impairment; the methods they use, how, in their opinion, the preschool environment should be designed, and how they create pedagogical activities for the children to be able to develop their language in the best possible way. The result shows that there is a vast difference in both knowledge and competence among the pedagogues as regards language impairment, and that they use methods of both manual and aided alternative and augmentative communication. Several ideas among the pedagogues concern the design of the preschool environment and how they organize the teaching activity, in order to give the children the best possible chance to develop their language. To sum up, all the pedagogues in the interviews think that as teachers the obligation and attitude that is most important for them is to be present, so that the children will receive the right prerequisites to be able to develop their language.

An inquiry into the voyage of avant-garde within the domains of art and architecture makes it evident that avant-garde is ambiguous in meaning as a word, a term, a phenomenon and a concept. This study aims to decipher avant-garde and to offer a map for its conceptualization in architecture. Taken not as a monolithic statement but as a unitary concept incorporating a number of subjects and formations for granted, in this study, architectural avant-garde is conceptualized as diverse expressions of activated energy of various subjects that reveal completely different attitudes and productions. Unfolding the concept in different dimensions, this study is an endeavor to delve deeper into various layers of theoretical and historical formations / to form a framework for conceptualizing architectural avant-garde through scanning the twentieth-century avant-gardes / to focus on the avant-garde formations of the 1960s by applying this conceptual framework, and the debate on their receptions in the present architectural context of Turkey. Being on the verge of architecture, the avant-gardes during the 1960s, namely Constant Nieuwenhuys, Yona Friedman, Japanese Metabolists, Archigram, Archizoom, and Superstudio, point out that architecture is both an intellectual activity and a physical production. Projections and resonances of these avant-gardes in the Turkish architectural context of the subsequent periods are trail blazed through the expressions of a group of receiving subjects from the Turkish scene of architecture. Hence, this study offers to lay a common ground for debating on the limits of architecture by forming not only the topography of architectural avantgarde in this era, but also a &amp / #8216 / supra-discourse&amp / #8217 / on architectural avant-garde.

Would it be possible to go one step further than proposing sustainable development as the ultimate answer where people live within nature harmoniously if natural resources were not managed by central authorities, who mostly are male, aged, middle-class bureaucrats? Bearing in mind that we have reached a stage where ecological credit crunch will define human&rsquo / s limits remarks for non-teleological and eco-friendly ways of conceptualizing the relationship between human beings and nature is explored with an emphasis of &lsquo / who&rsquo / that is local, female, young, social science-based, active in civil movement. The objective of conducting the research is to find out the ways why green approaches in social, political and economic spheres in Turkey are not integrated as a first step to decouple the antagonism in man&rsquo / s relationship with nature. The analysis tried to grasp the discrepancies of conceptualizing human-nature relationship in order to find out which segment of the society would be closer to adopt green values, with the intention of proposing them to be involved in a greater extent to decision-making mechanisms with regards to natural resources management, as well as an attempt to grasp the overall picture in understanding nature-human relationship in Turkey by focusing on wetland management based on the research conducted in Bafa Lake (Aydin), Uluabat Lake (Bursa), Salt Lake (Konya) and Egirdir Lake (Isparta). Thanks to the scale that is constructed by operationalizing the existing debates on environmental ethics, agents that would follow more ecologically sound discipline towards living harmoniously within nature is analysed.