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Showing 261 to 270 of 275 (0.038 seconds)Spelling suggestions: "subject:"confession."" "subject:"konfession.""
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[fr] LE PÉCHÉ ET SA COMPRÉHENSION DANS L´ACTUALITÉ / [pt] PECADO E SUA COMPREENSÃO NA ATUALIDADE: ENTRE O PECADO ORIGINAL E O SÓCIO-ESTRUTURALMARCOS VINICIO MIRANDA VIEIRA 14 April 2004 (has links)
[pt] A questão do pecado no mundo moderno torna-se um desafio,
principalmente em vista dos novos paradigmas. Após um
período de pouco interesse teológico em relação ao
pecado,
o Concílio Vaticano II impulsiona a reflexão na busca de
seu
aprofundamento. Hoje, é oportuno um repensar do tema do
pecado, de um modo bem fundamentado e retomando a questão
a
partir de um enfoque histórico-teológico. Nesta
dissertação, propomos um enfoque sistemático e
amadurecido
sobre os mais diversos ângulos e abordagens da questão do
pecado. Nosso estudo é baseado num enfoque que passa pela
realidade desde o ontem para chegar a uma compreensão do
tema, frente às perspectivas teológico-pastorais nos dias
atuais. Daí, também, uma abordagem sobre o Pecado
Original
e o Sócio-Estrutural. / [fr] La question du péché dans le monde actuel devient un défi,
surtout en ce qui concerne les nouveaux paradigmes. Après
une période où il n´y avait pas beaucoup d´intérêt
théologique en relation au péché, le Concílio Vaticano II a
montré la grande necessité de se faire une refléxion plus
profonde sur cette question-là. Donc, aujourd´hui c´est
opportun repenser le thème du péché d´une manière profonde
en reprenant la question, à partir d´une abordage
historique-théologique. Dans cette dissertation, nous
proposons faire une étude systématique et mature sur les
divers angles et discussions de la question du péché. Cet
étude est basé sur la question qui passe par la réalité
d´hier, pour arriver à une compréhension du péché, en face
de les perspectives théologique-pastorales de l´actualité.
Nous proposons aussi faire une abordage du Péché Originel
et le Péché Socio-Structurel.
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Die sosiale konstruksie van geloofsontwikkeling by `n groep katkisante / The social construction of faith development with a group of young peopleNaude, Christo 03 1900 (has links)
Ten spyte daarvan dat die meeste skoolgaande jongmense in die Ned Geref Kerk kategese deurloop, en self in die finale jaar van kategese, word daar nie veel aandag aan lewenstories van die katkisante geskenk nie.
Hierdie studie oor geloofsontwikkeling by `n groep katkisante word gedoen vanuit pastoraal teologiese perspektief en `n sosiale konstruksieteorie diskoers. Oor `n tydperk van `n jaar is daar deur middel van kwalitatiewe navorsing `n proses gevolg met `n finalejaarsgroep van nege-en-twintig katkisante met die doel om geloofsontwikkeling te laat plaasvind, deur aandag aan hulle geloofsverhale te gee met die oog op die skryf van `n eie geloofsbelydenis. Na die tyd is oor die proses gereflekteer. Drie aspekte het die studie gerig.
Die konteks waarbinne die studie plaasgevind het, wat bestaan uit die gemeente, breër samelewing, paradigmas, verbande en verhoudinge waarbinne die proses plaasgevind het.
Die inhoud van die kategese, wat deelnemend gekonstrueer was.
Die groep van nege-en-twintig jongmense wat met finalejaarkategese besig was, word binne konteks betrek by deelnemende pastorale kategese.
My metode was om binne die gemeente, in die kategese, `n ruimte te skep waarbinne die katkisante deelnemend die kategetiese proses gekonstrueer het. Sodoende sou die klem op deelname val wat die hooffokus van die studie is. Die aandag wat daar aan die katkisante se lewensverhale gegee word maak die narratiewe diskoers relevant vir hierdie studie.
Kategese binne hierdie studie het 'n deelnemende karakter. Die volgende benaderings het die deelnemende karakter ondersteun.
Die kategesepraktyk skuif na `n pastorale benadering.
Die leerinhoude se klem verskuif na verhoudings.
Die kategetiese inhoud word sosiaal gekonstrueer.
Despite the fact that most youth from the Dutch Reformed Church are of school going age during their final year of catechism, insufficient attention is given to the life stories of these young people.
My research project on faith development with a group of young people involved in catechism was shaped by a pastoral theological perspective and a social constructionist discourse.
Over a period of a year a process of qualitative research was conducted with a group of twenty-nine young conformants. The aim was to encourage faith development by given attention to their faith stories with the intention for them to write their own confessions of faith. Afterwards the process was reflected on. The study was guided by three themes.
The context in which the study was conducted, consisted of the congregation, society at large, paradigms and relationships in which the process took place.
The context of the catechism was conducted is a participatory manner.
The third theme was the group of twenty-nine young people that participated in their final year of catechism in which the context of participatory pastoral catechism was focused on.
The approach that was followed, was create space within the congregation for catechism to be conducted in a participatory manner with the twenty-nine young participants. In this way participation which is the main focus of this study is accentuated. The attention to the life stories of these young people makes the narrative discourse relevant to the study.
Catechism according to this study has a participatory character that is supported by the following approaches.
The practice of catechism shifts to a pastoral approach.
The content of the catechism shifts to relationships.
The content of the catechism becomes socially constructed. / Practial Theology / D. Th. (Pastoral Therapy)
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Les procédures de reconnaissance préalable de culpabilité : étude comparée des justices pénales française et anglaise / Guilty plea procedures : a comparative study of the French and English models of criminal justiceTaleb, Akila 18 September 2013 (has links)
L’analyse des procédures de reconnaissance préalable de culpabilité en droit français et en droit anglais peut, de prime abord, sembler poser un certain nombre de difficultés. En effet les modèles inquisitoire et accusatoire de justice pénale, de par leurs spécificités, ne paraissent se prêter que difficilement à une telle étude comparée. Cependant cette affirmation n’est plus à l’heure actuelle, en raison notamment de la construction européenne, entièrement exacte. Les modèles de justice pénale dans la plupart des Etats de droit ne répondent plus à la dichotomie initialement posée et tendent progressivement à converger vers un modèle commun au sein de procédures pénales mixtes fondées essentiellement sur les principes du contradictoire et du procès équitable. C’est dans ce contexte qu’il convient de se pencher sur la notion de reconnaissance préalable de culpabilité. Celle-ci tend à s’affirmer au gré des réformes législatives, devenant ainsi un véritable outil de politique criminelle visant à davantage d’efficacité de la procédure pénale, par une plus grande célérité dans le traitement des affaires pénales. Toutefois, en France comme en Angleterre, le recours croissant aux procédures de reconnaissance préalable de culpabilité nécessite une modification structurelle et organisationnelle de la justice pénale. En conséquence et s’agissant de l’évolution globale des systèmes de justice pénale, une tendance générale se profile érigeant l’autorité des poursuites au rang de pivot central du processus judiciaire. Des garanties doivent donc être offertes afin de conserver une procédure pénale d’équilibre, à la fois efficace et légitime. / The analysis of guilty plea procedures, in French and English laws, seems, on a prima facie ground, to raise some issues. The inquisitorial and the accusatorial model of criminal justice do not, due to their respective specificities, easily leave a breathing space for any comparative study. Yet, taking into account the European expansion, this assertion does not remain, nowadays, entirely true. Models of criminal justice, in most States governed by the rule of law, do not longer meet the initial dichotomy and gradually tend to be unified towards a standard model within “mixed” criminal justice systems essentially based on the adversarial and fair trial principles. In this perspective, the notion of pre guilty plea needs to be clarified. This notion asserts itself alongside with legislative reforms, thus becoming a genuine tool of criminal policy aiming at a better efficiency in the criminal process through a more prompt handling of criminal offences. Nevertheless, both in France and in England, the increasing resort to pre-guilty plea procedures requires a structural and organisational modification of criminal justice. As a consequence and regarding the global evolution of criminal justice systems, a general tendency has emerged introducing Public Prosecution authorities as the linchpin of the process. Safeguards should be provided in order to maintain a well-balanced criminal justice process, both efficient and legitimate.
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Os conflitos comunitários e Sinodais e a formação e consolidação da IECLB: as trajetórias da Associação Evangélica de Comunidades e do Sínodo Evangélico-Luterano até a sua fusão e constituição do Sínodo Evangélico-Luterano Unido em 1962Joel Haroldo Baade 01 March 2011 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Esta tese de doutorado é uma análise da formação do Sínodo Evangélico
Luterano Unido (SELU), em 1962, a partir da fusão da Igreja Luterana no Brasil
(1905) e do Sínodo Evangélico de Santa Catarina e Paraná (1911), mormente
chamados de sínodos. As trajetórias dessas duas instituições foram marcadas em
boa medida pelo combate mútuo, sendo que as origens destes conflitos estão em
divergências comunitárias preexistentes bem como em diferenças teológicas e
confessionais que remetem às histórias das instituições de procedência de pastores
e membros que integram os dois sínodos. Os nacionalismos do final do século XIX e
primeira metade do século XX determinaram a história dos sínodos. Principalmente
com o desfecho da Segunda Guerra Mundial, o ideal de edificar a Igreja a partir de
uma matriz étnica se revelou inválido, levando os sínodos à continuidade do diálogo
iniciado sob a germanidade, mas com um discurso novo, marcado por uma
reorientação teológica. Esta nova ordem ganhou expressão formal com a
constituição da Federação Sinodal (FS)/Igreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana no
Brasil (IECLB), em 1949. Do compromisso com a nova ordem estabelecida decorreu
a necessidade de reestruturação dos dois sínodos, que haviam experimentado um
desenvolvimento paralelo, embora coexistindo num mesmo território. A constituição
do SELU é um marco fundamental na consolidação da IECLB como uma igreja de
Jesus Cristo no Brasil. / This doctoral dissertation is an analysis of the formation of the Sínodo
Evangélico Luterano Unido (SELU) [United Lutheran Evangelical Synod], in 1962,
stemming from the fusion of the Lutheran Church in Brazil (1905) and the Evangelical
Synod of Santa Catarina and Paraná (1911), normally called synods. The trajectories
of these two institutions were marked in good measure by mutual combat, being that
the origins of these conflicts are in the pre-existing congregational divergences as
well as in theological and confessional differences which remit back to the history of
the institutions as to the origins of the pastors and members who make up the two
synods. The nationalisms of the end of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th
century determined the history of the synods. Mainly with the result of the Second
World War, the ideal of edifying the Church based on an ethnic matrix was revealed
as invalid, leading the synods to continue the dialog that had begun under their
condition of Germanity, however now with a new discourse, marked by a theological
reorientation. This new order gained formal expression with the constitution of the
Federação Sinodal (FS) [Synod Federation]/ Igreja Evangélica de Confissão
Luterana no Brasil (IECLB) [Evangelical Church of Lutheran Confession in Brazil], in
1949. From the commitment with the new established order there arose the need for
restructuring the two synods, which had experienced a parallel development even
though co-existing in the same territory. The constitution of the SELU is a
fundamental marking point in the consolidation of the IECLB as a church of Jesus
Christ in Brazil.
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Křest v myšlení raně novověkého měšťana / Baptism In The Thinking of Early Modern BurghersJIROUTOVÁ, Kateřina January 2009 (has links)
The birth and the baptism of child were significant events in the life of people in all historical periods. This diploma thesis demonstrates meaning of the baptism rite and its reflection in the urban society in the Early Modern Age. In comparison to bachelor thesis was used more sources. The research of six families memoirs is supplied with analysis of parish register of Český Krumlov town from 1662 to 1666. Sources of religious area represents catholic, evangelical and Lutheral clerical works and especially polemics. Wider spectrum of sources made possible deeper sight at meaning of baptism and confrontation between religious order and everyday practice in baptism and godparenthood in towns in the 16. and 17. centuries.
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Die missionêre waarde van die Belhar Belydenis vir die NG Kerk : instrument tot inheemswording (Afrikaans)De Beer, Jan Mathys 01 April 2009 (has links)
AFRIKAANS: Die Belhar Belydenis was sedert sy ontstaan in 1982 ‘n omstrede dokument in die NG Kerkfamilie. Ná die Kerkbode-debat in 1998, is Belhar al hoe meer gesien as ‘n struikelblok in die weg van eenwording. Denke oor die Belydenis het gepolariseer tussen diegene wat dit aanvaar as konfessie teenoor diegene wat dit nie aanvaar nie. Besware wat teen die Belydenis ingebring is, het te make met sy ontstaansgeskiedenis, sy status as konfessie en inhoudelike besware. Die negatiewe persepsies oor die Belhar Belydenis is diep gewortel. In hierdie studie word ‘n derde posisie voorgestel, naamlik dat die missionêre waarde van die Belhar Belydenis vir die NG Kerk genoeg rede is om die inhoud van die belydenis te ontgin, ongeag of die belydenis as konfessie aanvaar word of nie. Deur ‘n bestudering van die sendingbenadering en –beleid in die NG Kerk as historiese aanloop tot die Belhar Belydenis, word die belang van inheemswording in terme van die missie van die kerk uitgelig. Die NG Kerk het ‘n sendingbeleid rondom die negentiende-eeuse Europese teologie van inheemswording ontwikkel wat bygedra het tot die ontstaan van afsonderlike kleur-bepaalde kerke. Hierdie beleid van inheemswording het bygedra tot ‘n versmelting van kerk en volk by die Afrikaner, met ‘n verdere gevolg van toenemende isolasie, ‘n geloofwaardigheidskrisis en ‘n missionêre gevangenskap. Dit vorm die missionêre agtergrond van die Belhar Belydenis. Ongelukkig het die NG Kerk die belydenis baie negatief ontvang – saam met ‘n aanklag van kettery en afgodery. Selfs te midde van hierdie negatiewe persepsie van die Belhar Belydenis, het die belydenis nogtans ‘n vormende en bevrydende invloed uitgeoefen op die sending van die kerk tot op hede, weereens: missionêre waarde. Die leemte in die inheemswording van die NG Kerk is dat dit tot volks-inheemswording beperk was. ‘n Nasionale inheemswording-benadering word uitgewys as ‘n meer relevante uitdrukking van die missie van die kerk in Suid-Afrika, met ‘n Suid-Afrikaanse Gereformeerde kerk as oogmerk. In terme hiervan is die Belhar Belydenis ‘n instrument tot inheemswording vir die hele NG Kerk-familie. Belhar is nie die struikelblok in die weg van eenwording nie. In die herenigingsgesprekke het ‘n inwendige teenstrydigheid ontstaan, en dít is die werklike struikelblok. Verskillende benaderings tot belydenisse bring verskillende beoordelings van Belhar mee. Karl Barth se teologie van Gereformeerde belydenisse dui op ‘n derde weg uit die hereniging-dilemma. Die aanvaarding van ‘n belydenis in die Gereformeerde benadering geskied altyd in vryheid, want Gereformeerdes staan onder gesag van die Skrif en Christus alleen. Die gesag wat die Kerk aan ‘n belydenis toeken word nie ontken nie, maar eerder ontgin. Die studie sluit af met riglyne vir die ontginning van die missionêre waarde van die Belhar Belydenis, gegrond op 14 onderhoude met teoloë uit die NG Kerk en VGKSA. Die onderhoude word weergegee as stimulasie tot gesprek tussen die lede van die NG Kerk-familie, veral tussen die NG Kerk en die VGKSA. Die studie eindig met enkele praktiese riglyne vir leraars en gemeenteleiers wat die missionêre waarde van die Belhar Belydenis wil ontgin deur ‘n oop en eerlike gesprek oor die Belhar Belydenis. ‘n Verwysingsbron van aktuele temas in die Belhar Belydenis word as hulpmiddel gegee. ENGLISH: Since its inception in 1982, the Belhar Confession has been a controversial document in family of Dutch Reformed Churches. After the debate in Die Kerkbode (1998), Belhar was progressively seen as an obstacle in the way of church unity. Opinion on the Confession polarized between those who accepted Belhar as their confession and others who did not want to accept it altogether. Objections on Belhar has to do with factors surrounding its inception, its status as confession and objections on certain textual formulations. The negative perceptions of the Belhar Confession is deep rooted. This study proposes a third position, namely that the missionary value of the Belhar Confession reason enough gives to make use of the contents of the Confession, irrespective of whether it is accepted as confession or not. Through a study of the missionary approach and policy of the Dutch Reformed Churches, the importance of indigenization as mission of the church is highlighted. The Dutch Reformed Church (DRC) developed its missionary policy based on nineteenth century European theology of indigenization. This policy of indigenization, however, contributed to the formation of separate churches determined by colour. This policy of indigenization also contributed to a fusion of church and “volk” (indigenous people) of the “Afrikaner”, further resulting in isolation, a crisis of credibility and a missional imprisonment in die DRC. This is the missional background of the Belhar Confession. The DRC, however, had a very negative reception of the Confession, since it was accompanied by a charge of heresy and idolatry against this church. Nevertheless, even in the midst of this negative perception of Belhar, the Confession still had a formative influence on the mission of the church until now: hence its missional value. The shortfall in the indigenization of the DRC is that it was confined to “volks”-indigenization. A national indigenization approach is shown to be a more relevant expression of the mission of the church in South Africa, with a South African Reformed Church as objective. In terms of this, the Belhar Confession is an instrument of indigenization for the whole DRC-family. Belhar is not an obstacle in the way of church unity. In the re-unification talks, an internal contradiction appeared, which is the actual obstacle. Different approaches to confessions lead to different evaluations of Belhar. Karl Barth’s theology of Reformed confessions points to a third way out of the dilemma of the re-unification process. In the Reformed approach, the acceptance of a confession is always voluntary, because the reformed believer is only under the authority of Christ and his Word (Scripture). The authority that the church gives to a confession is not denied, but rather discovered. The study concludes with a contemporary reading of the Belhar Confession, based on 14 interviews with theologians in the DRC and the Uniting Reformed Church. These interviews are presented to stimulate a conversation between members of the DRC-family, especially between die DRC and the Uniting Reformed Church. At the end of the study, some practical guidelines are given for church leaders and pastors who wish to make use of the missional value of Belhar by facilitating and organizing an open and honest dialogue between members of the DRC-family. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Science of Religion and Missiology / unrestricted
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L'aveu dans les traditions occidentales accusatoire et inquisitoire : une brève histoire de l'aveu en droit pénalStylios, Alexandre 07 1900 (has links)
Cette thèse trace l’évolution de l’aveu dans les traditions pénales accusatoire et inquisitoire dans le cadre d’une démarche historique allant de l’antiquité à nos jours. Elle révèle que l’aveu a toujours constitué le point de tension des enjeux de vérité et de justice de la procédure pénale et explique comment l’aveu, influencé et transformé par la religion, est devenu un moyen de preuve indépendant dans les traditions accusatoire et inquisitoire en tant que récit de vérité permettant certes d’identifier le coupable mais aussi de l’analyser. / This thesis analyses confession in Western legal traditions through a historical approach starting in antiquity. Through the study of English, French and Canadian law, it shows how the suspect’s statements have been apprehend by the accusatorial and inquisitorial systems of criminal justice, revealing that confession has always constituted and still constitutes to this day the cornerstone of truth and justice in criminal procedure. It also explains how confession, influenced and transformed by religion, has become an independent means of proof in both systems as a way to both identify and understand the guilty.
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Sex workers as free agents and as victims : elucidating the life worlds of female sex workers and the discursive patterns that shape public understanding of their workMbatha, Khonzanani 01 1900 (has links)
In South Africa and many other countries worldwide, sex work is criminalised. This
invariably seems to lead to back-door prostitution - an unregulated industry where sex
workers are vulnerable to being exploited by pimps, brothel owners and law enforcement
officers. In discussions about sex work and sex workers, two dominant views are evident: a)
Sex workers freely choose to sell sex as a good way of earning an income; or b) sex workers
are victims of their circumstances who are driven into the industry through direct coercion or
as a result of dire poverty. Together, these views lead to an ideological trap in terms of which
sex workers have to be perceived either as having agency and free will or as being helpless
victims in need of rescue. My aim in this thesis was to problematise, deconstruct and
reconstruct the discursive field within which sex work is embedded, in order to move beyond
agency-victimhood and similar binaries, and in the hope of developing new ways of talking
about prostitution that acknowledge the complexity of the sex industry rather than
shoehorning it into preconceived categories. Social constructionism (epistemology), critical
social theory (ontology) and discourse analysis (methodology) were interwoven in order to
provide a broad, critical understanding of prostitution. Two data sources were used to gain
access to and unpack the life worlds of sex workers: Semi-structured interviews with five sex
workers in Johannesburg and the “Project 107” report on adult prostitution in South Africa.
Foucauldian discourse analysis was used to make sense of the data, including an analysis of
how concepts such as governmentality, power, confession, surveillance and technologies of
the self can be applied to contemporary texts about prostitution. The “Project 107” report
recommended that prostitution should not be decriminalised, and that sex work should in fact
not be classified as work; instead, it proposed a ‘diversion programme’ to help sex workers
exit the industry. I show how, in doing this, the report appears to hijack feminist discourses about sex workers as victims in order to further a conservative moral agenda. The sex
workers I spoke to, on the other hand, demonstrated an ability to take on board, and to
challenge, a variety of different discourses in order to talk about themselves as
simultaneously agentic and constrained in what they can do by unjust social structures. I
show how, from a Foucauldian perspective, sex workers can be seen not as pinned down at the bottom of a pyramid of power, but immersed in a network of power and knowledge,
enabled and constrained by ‘technologies of the self’ to assist in policing themselves through
self-discipline and self-surveillance to become suitably docile bodies within the greater
public order. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)
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Outo-etnografie, apologie en belydenis in outobiografieë van Elsa Joubert, André P. Brink en Koos KombuisRothmann, Jan-Ben 02 1900 (has links)
Text in Afrikaans / ’n Merkbare opbloei in die publikasie van literêre niefiksietekste wêreldwyd het gelei tot die klassifikasie van sodanige tekste as ’n vierde genre. Die politieke oorgang in Suid-Afrika in 1994 het gelei tot ’n soortgelyke toename in outobiografiese tekste waarin kommentaar gelewer word op die Suid-Afrikaanse politieke werklikheid deur die vertel van sowel persoonlike as kollektiewe geskiedenisse.
Daymond en Visagie (2012) identifiseer outo-etnografie, apologie en belydenis as kenmerke van die Suid-Afrikaanse outobiografie ná 1994. In hierdie navorsingsverslag word enkele resente skrywersoutobiografieë van onderskeidelik Elsa Joubert (’n Wonderlike geweld: jeugherinneringe (2005); Reisiger (2009)), André P. Brink (’n Vurk in die pad (2009)) en Koos Kombuis (Seks & drugs & boeremusiek: die memoirs van ‘n volksverraaier (2000); Die tyd van die Kombi’s: ‘n persoonlike blik op die Afrikaanse rock-rebellie (2009)) gemeet aan die kriteria wat deur Daymond en Visagie voorgestel word. Die beskrywing en interpretasie van verskeie outo-etnografiese merkers lei daartoe dat hierdie outobiografieë as ’n vorm van kulturele introspeksie beskou kan word. / A marked proliferation in the publication of literary nonfiction globally led to the classification of such texts as a fourth genre. The political transition in South Africa in 1994 caused a similar increase in autobiographical texts in which commentary is offered on the South African political reality through the telling of both personal and collective histories.
Daymond and Visagie (2012) identify autoethnography, apologia and confession as characteristics of post-1994 South African autobiographies. In this research report some contemporary writers’ autobiographies, respectively those of Elsa Joubert (’n Wonderlike geweld: jeugherinneringe (2005); Reisiger (2009)), André P. Brink (’n Vurkin die pad (2009)) and Koos Kombuis (Seks & drugs & boeremusiek: die memoirs van ‘n volksverraaier (2000); Die tyd van die Kombi’s: ‘n persoonlike blik op die Afrikaanse rock-rebellie (2009)) are evaluated using the criteria proposed by Daymond and Visagie. The description and interpretation of various autoethnographical markers confirm that these autobiographies can be considered a form of cultural introspection. / Afrikaans and Theory of Literature / M.A. (Afrikaans)
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Les projets politiques et les fondements historiques de la communauté chiite au Bahreïn depuis l’indépendance 1971 / The political projects and the historical foundations of Shi’a in Bahrain since independence in 1971Al shaikh, Aayat 12 May 2018 (has links)
Le chiisme au Bahreïn est un phénomène sociopolitique complexe. A l’époque contemporaine, les projets politiques chiites transnationaux et nationaux ont connu une nouvel ascension. Les analyses politiques et médiatiques dominants réduisent souvent le chiisme dans le champ sociopolitique bahreïni aux projets politiques dominants en Iran, en Iraq, et au Liban, qui projettent le renforcement de leur pouvoir religieux et politique. Or, les chiites de Bahreïn sont souvent assimilés à des adeptes des politiques menées par les clercs influents outre le pays insulaire. Ils sont considérés comme des instruments de l’hégémonie des acteurs chiites. Ces grilles de lecture ne représentent qu’une approche réductrice et partielle du champ chiite. Certes, le chiisme bahreïni est influencé par les acteurs et les politiques régionales et transnationales, mais l’analyse de ses fondements et de son évolution démontre qu’il est spécifique à son contexte local. Le champ chiite local est façonné par des interactions sociopolitiques diverses, tels que des processus de socialisation politique, la transnationalisation, la pratique des rites particuliers, l’organisation des institutions, les relations avec l’Etat, etc. A l’époque contemporaine, les acteurs chiites bahreïnis sont influencés par des théories et des projets qui émanent de la sphère transnationale, cependant ils développent des projets sociopolitiques distincts. Dans ce contexte spécifique du Bahreïn, l’Etat même dominant, ne peut pas contrôler ses acteurs et leurs projets sociopolitiques, qu’ils soient transnationaux ou nationaux. / Shiism in Bahrain is a complicated socio-political phenomenon. The contemporary era is marked by a new rise of national and transnational shi’a political projects. Dominant political and media analysis consider shi’ism in the Bahraini context as a simplest extension of dominant political projects in Iran, Iraq, and in Lebanon.However, Bahraini shi’a are frequently assimilated to unconditional followers of influential non-Bahrainis clerics and their politics. In that framework, shi’a in Bahrain are considered as instruments of the shi’a actors’ hegemony. Those methods of interpretation appear superficial.Certainly, as we noted above, regional and transnational actors and politics affect the shiism in Bahrain, but the examination of its basis and its evolution demonstrate that it’s specific to the local schema. Various socio-political interactions shapes the local political sphere; such as political socialization processes,transnationalization, rites’ practicing, institutions’ organization's, relations avec the State, etc. In the contemporary period Bahrainis shi’a actors are indeed influenced by the theories and the projects stems from the transnational sphere, however, they develops their own and distinct socio-political projects. In this specific context, the State, even dominant, control neither these actors, nor their projects whether they are transnational or nationals.
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