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271	Prophetic theology in the Kairos tradition : a pentecostal and reformed perspective in black liberation theology in South Africa Morris, Allen William 31 October 2019 (has links) This study focused on the ‘silence of the prophets’ in the post-apartheid era. It sought to understand why the prophets, who spoke out so vehemently against the injustices of apartheid, did not speak out against the injustices of the government after 1994 even when it became blatantly apparent that corruption was beginning to unfold on various levels, especially with the introduction of the so-called Arms Deal. Accordingly, the study singles out Drs Allan Boesak and Frank Chikane who were among the fiercest opponents of the apartheid regime before 1994. The study traced the impact of the ideological forces that influenced Boesak and Chikane’s ideological thinking from the early Slave Religion, Black Theology in the USA and Liberation Theology in Latin America. Black Theology and Black Consciousness first made their appearance in South Africa in the 1970s, with Boesak and Chikane, among others, as early advocates of these movements. In 1983, Boesak and Chikane took part in the launch of the United Democratic Front (UDF) in Mitchells Plain, Cape Town. This movement became the voice of the voiceless in an era when the members of the African National Congress (ANC) and Pan African Congress (PAC) had been sent into exile. It also signalled a more inclusive and reconciliatory shift in Boesak and Chikane’s Ideological thinking. Whereas Black Consciousness sought to exclude white people from participating in the struggle for liberation, the UDF united all under one banner without consideration for colour, race, religion or creed. After the advent of liberation in South Africa in 1994, it became increasingly obvious that corruption was infiltrating many levels of the new government. But the prophets were silent. Why were they silent? The study presents an analysis of the possible reasons for this silence based on interviews with Boesak and Chikane as role players and draws conclusions based on their writings both before and after 1994. Overall, the study concluded that they were silent because they had become part of the new political structures that had taken over power. To sum up, the study demonstrates the irony of prophetic oscillation and concludes that no prophet is a prophet for all times. Thus, as a new democracy unfolds in South Africa, the situation demands new prophets with a new message. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / D. Phil. (Theology) Black consciousness Black People’s Convention Black power Black theology Belhar Confession Justice Kairos Document Liberation theology Love Pentecostal Prophetic-Oscillation Slave religion Student Christian Association Student Christian Movement University Christian Movement United Democratic Front World Alliance of Reformed Churches 230.08996068 Boesak, Allan, 1945- Prophecy -- Christianity Black theology Liberation theology -- South Africa South Africa -- Social conditions South Africa -- Church history South Africa -- Politics and government Chikane, Frank, 1951-
272	Die roeping van Suid-Afrikaanse owerhede binne 'n grondwetlike demokrasie in die lig van artikel 36 van die Nederlandse Geloofsbelydenis / D.F. Muller Muller, Daniel Francois January 2010 (has links) Reformed Christians utilise article 36 of the Belgic Confession (BC) to state the Godly calling of civil authorities. This confession may however be in conflict with the South African constitution. According to article 36 authorities have, in accordance with the keeping of order, a duty concerning the removal of false religion. The constitution guarantees everyone in South Africa freedom of religion. This study thus investigates the following stated problem: To what does God call South-African authorities within the constitutional democracy in the light of art. 36 and how can they fulfil this calling? The investigation has been undertaken in line with the argument that the principals of art. 36 are not only Biblical but should also still be used as a starting point to identify the calling of South African authorities concerning the keeping of order as well as the protection of the ministry of the Holy Word and the Christian life according to this Word. The following three investigations were then launched: * A dogmahistorical and theological-ethical investigation Chapter 2 focuses on the context in which the BC originated. It was drafted to convince Roman Catholic minded authorities to stop persecuting Reformed Christians as they - in contrast with some revolutionary Anabaptists - wanted to obey the government. Reformed Christians wanted to live according to the Word (which requires obedience to the authorities). If the authorities protected the ministry of the Word, peace and order would be promoted. Chapter 3 explains art. 36. This explanation is complicated by the fact that the article has been changed over time. In certain instances it has been interpreted to mean that God, in light of the close bond between church and state at that time, calls civil authorities to persecute heretics even with force. The article however actually calls authorities to protect the ministry of the Word and so doing support the removal of heresy. The article takes a narrow view of the true form of the true religion. * A constitutional investigation Chapter 4 describes the South African constitutional democracy as well as its origin and indicates what (sometimes unrecognised) role the Reformed tradition played in forging constitutional democracy. Subsequently the fundamental values and forthcoming stipulations concerning the freedom of conscience and religion are highlighted. Although authorities do not - in a juridical sense - contend with what would be the true form of the true religion, this study has found the constitutional values and forthcoming stipulations broadly agree with Biblical principles. Yet South African authorities interpret these values and stipulations in accordance with secularist / humanistic beliefs. * A contextual investigation This final chapter investigates how well the current constitutional framework enables (chapter 4) South African authorities to fulfil the calling (chapter 2 and 3).The final conclusion is that this framework does indeed enable these authorities to fulfil the calling by recognising, protecting and expanding the fundamental values, freedoms and rights which have been constitutionally entrenched in order that every one has the space and opportunity to utilise these rights and freedoms to live according to the gospel of Jesus Christ in all spheres of life This task undoubtedly includes that the authorities should protect the ministry of the Word by pertinently ensuring that churches have the opportunity to minister the Word to everyone. It has been found that authorities should preferably take up the attitude of the active plural option towards religion as this option is most suitable for fulfilling their calling. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Church and Dogma History))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011. Kerk en staat Kerk en owerheid Kerk en owerhede Grondwetlike demokrasie Sosiale kontrak Fundamentele grondwetlike waardes Artikel 15 van die grondwet Aktief-plurale model Aktief-plurale opsie Nederlandse Geloofsbelydenis NGB artikel 36 Afgodery en valse godsdiens Koninkryk van God Geregtigheid Gewetensvryheid Godsdiensvryheid Church and state Church and government Authorities Constitutional democracy Fundamental constitutional values Article 15 of the constitution Active plural option Belgic Confession Idolatry and false religion Kingdom of God Righteousness Freedom of conscience Freedom of religion
273	Die roeping van Suid-Afrikaanse owerhede binne 'n grondwetlike demokrasie in die lig van artikel 36 van die Nederlandse Geloofsbelydenis / D.F. Muller Muller, Daniel Francois January 2010 (has links) Reformed Christians utilise article 36 of the Belgic Confession (BC) to state the Godly calling of civil authorities. This confession may however be in conflict with the South African constitution. According to article 36 authorities have, in accordance with the keeping of order, a duty concerning the removal of false religion. The constitution guarantees everyone in South Africa freedom of religion. This study thus investigates the following stated problem: To what does God call South-African authorities within the constitutional democracy in the light of art. 36 and how can they fulfil this calling? The investigation has been undertaken in line with the argument that the principals of art. 36 are not only Biblical but should also still be used as a starting point to identify the calling of South African authorities concerning the keeping of order as well as the protection of the ministry of the Holy Word and the Christian life according to this Word. The following three investigations were then launched: * A dogmahistorical and theological-ethical investigation Chapter 2 focuses on the context in which the BC originated. It was drafted to convince Roman Catholic minded authorities to stop persecuting Reformed Christians as they - in contrast with some revolutionary Anabaptists - wanted to obey the government. Reformed Christians wanted to live according to the Word (which requires obedience to the authorities). If the authorities protected the ministry of the Word, peace and order would be promoted. Chapter 3 explains art. 36. This explanation is complicated by the fact that the article has been changed over time. In certain instances it has been interpreted to mean that God, in light of the close bond between church and state at that time, calls civil authorities to persecute heretics even with force. The article however actually calls authorities to protect the ministry of the Word and so doing support the removal of heresy. The article takes a narrow view of the true form of the true religion. * A constitutional investigation Chapter 4 describes the South African constitutional democracy as well as its origin and indicates what (sometimes unrecognised) role the Reformed tradition played in forging constitutional democracy. Subsequently the fundamental values and forthcoming stipulations concerning the freedom of conscience and religion are highlighted. Although authorities do not - in a juridical sense - contend with what would be the true form of the true religion, this study has found the constitutional values and forthcoming stipulations broadly agree with Biblical principles. Yet South African authorities interpret these values and stipulations in accordance with secularist / humanistic beliefs. * A contextual investigation This final chapter investigates how well the current constitutional framework enables (chapter 4) South African authorities to fulfil the calling (chapter 2 and 3).The final conclusion is that this framework does indeed enable these authorities to fulfil the calling by recognising, protecting and expanding the fundamental values, freedoms and rights which have been constitutionally entrenched in order that every one has the space and opportunity to utilise these rights and freedoms to live according to the gospel of Jesus Christ in all spheres of life This task undoubtedly includes that the authorities should protect the ministry of the Word by pertinently ensuring that churches have the opportunity to minister the Word to everyone. It has been found that authorities should preferably take up the attitude of the active plural option towards religion as this option is most suitable for fulfilling their calling. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Church and Dogma History))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011. Kerk en staat Kerk en owerheid Kerk en owerhede Grondwetlike demokrasie Sosiale kontrak Fundamentele grondwetlike waardes Artikel 15 van die grondwet Aktief-plurale model Aktief-plurale opsie Nederlandse Geloofsbelydenis NGB artikel 36 Afgodery en valse godsdiens Koninkryk van God Geregtigheid Gewetensvryheid Godsdiensvryheid Church and state Church and government Authorities Constitutional democracy Fundamental constitutional values Article 15 of the constitution Active plural option Belgic Confession Idolatry and false religion Kingdom of God Righteousness Freedom of conscience Freedom of religion
274	Zukunft der protestantischen Denominationen in Hamburg / Identity and future of the Protestant denominations in Hamburg Wolff, Matthias Christian 12 1900 (has links) Text in German / Diese MTh Dissertation mit dem Titel Identität und Zukunft der protestantischen Denominationen in Hamburg befasst sich mit der Entwicklung protestantischer Kirchen in Hamburg und dem Bild, auf das die protestantische Landschaft möglicherweise zusteuert. Ausgangspunkt ist eine Reihe von Beobachtungen und Entwicklungen, die Raum für die Hypothese geliefert haben, dass denominationelle Unterschiede ihre Bedeutung verlieren und sowohl protestantische Zusammenarbeit als auch eine gemeinsame christliche Identität an Gewicht gewinnen werden. Die Befragung setzte einen besonderen Akzent auf das Verhältnis von liberalen und konservativen (evangelikalen) Protestanten. Die empirische Untersuchung, die sich der Methodik der Grounded Theory bediente, wie auch das umfassende Literaturstudium konnten die Hypothese im Allgemeinen bestätigen. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich die Perspektive einer stark an den Bedürfnissen der Gesellschaft orientierten kirchlichen Arbeit, die von einem deutlichen Bewusstsein des gemeinsamen Christuszeugnisses und einem ausgeprägten ökumenischen Geist getragen ist. Neben dem Ziel einer empirisch gestützten validen Zukunftsperspektive soll diese Arbeit Entscheidungshilfe und Impulspapier für christliche Leiter in Hamburg und Deutschland sein. / This MTh dissertation titled Identity and Future of Protestant Denominations in Hamburg deals with the development of protestant churches in Hamburg and the picture, the protestant landscape is possibly heading for. Initial point is a number of observations giving room for the supposition that denominational differences will loose their importance and protestant cooperation as well as a common christian identity will gain relevance. The survey put special attention on the relationship of liberal and conservative (evangelical) protestants. The empirical research, using the method of Grounded Theory, as well as the widespread literacy investigation served for – generally speaking – a confirmation of the hypothesis. As a result, it appears a perspective of a church that is strongly orientated towards the needs of society and carried by a clear awareness of the common testimony of Christ and a distinct ecumenical spirit. Besides the goal of a valid and empirically based future perspective, this work intends to be a decision aid and discussion paper for christian leaders in Hamburg and Germany. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Missiology with specialisation in Urban Ministry) Denominationen Konfessionen Kirchen (Orts)gemeinde Mission Ökumene Zukunft Säkularisierung Religion und (anhaltende) Religiosität Chancen Liberal Evangelikal Denomination Confession Church Local church Mission Ecumenical Future Secularisation Religion and (ongoing) religiosity Chances Liberal Evangelical 280.40943515 Hamburg (Germany) -- Church history Hamburg (Germany) -- Religion Protestants -- Germany -- Hamburg Christian union conversation City churches -- Germany -- Hamburg City missions -- Germany -- Hamburg Secularization (Theology) Grounded theory
275	La légalité de la preuve dans l'espace pénal européen / Admissibility of evidence in the European criminal justice area Marty, Marie 01 April 2014 (has links) La recevabilité de la preuve est sans doute l’une des questions les plusimportantes de l’espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice de l’Union européenne,mais aussi une des plus complexes. Les difficultés relatives à l’utilisation d’unepreuve recueillie dans un État membre, devant les juridictions répressives d’un autreÉtat membre, semblent cependant avoir été sous-estimées par le législateureuropéen. En effet, l’amélioration de l’efficacité de la répression transnationale a étéune des priorités de la politique criminelle de l’Union ces quinze dernières années. Àce titre, le renforcement des mécanismes de coopération judiciaire, y compris ceuxvisant à l’obtention de la preuve transnationale, a été privilégié. Grâce au principe dereconnaissance mutuelle des décisions judiciaires en matière pénale, fondé sur laconfiance réciproque que les États membres se portent, les divergences etéventuelles incompatibilités entre les systèmes nationaux ont été tenues en échec,permettant ainsi la libre circulation des preuves dans l’espace pénal européen.Cependant, cette justification théorique n’est pas suffisante pour assurer larecevabilité mutuelle des preuves, la bonne administration de la preuve pénaledemeurant une question nationale, souverainement appréciée par le juge national.De plus, tant l’étude comparative des régimes probatoires nationaux que laprésentation des instruments de coopération judiciaire montrent des déficiencesprofondes, appelant ainsi à une protection accrue et harmonisée des droitsfondamentaux dans les procédures répressives au niveau européen, dans le butd’assurer la recevabilité mutuelle des preuves pénales dans l’espace pénaleuropéen. / Admissibility of evidence is one of the most crucial and complicatedissues in the European Union’s area of freedom, security and justice. However, thedifficulties regarding the use of evidence gathered in one Member State inproceedings in another Member State through the mechanisms of judicialcooperation seems to have been underestimated by the European Union legislator,and this despite the success of criminal proceedings with a cross-border characterbeing considered a priority for the last fifteen years. Indeed, the EU’s criminal policyhas been striving for the strengthening of the efficiency of judicial cooperationbetween judicial authorities. This requires the improvement of the instrumentsdedicated to obtaining criminal evidence. Thanks to the principle of mutualrecognition of judicial decisions in criminal matters, based on mutual trust betweenMember States, the differences between and potential incompatibilities of nationalsystems should not be an obstacle to the free circulation of evidence in the EUcriminal justice area.However, this theoretical justification is not sufficient to ensure mutual admissibility ofevidence, as the good administration of evidence remains a national issue, with awide margin of appreciation accorded to the national judge. Furthermore, both thestudy of national procedural norms and the study of the European Union legalframework show deficiencies, requiring a coherent concept for the protection offundamental rights in criminal proceedings at the EU-level. A better and harmonisedprotection of procedural guarantees is the path to ensure the mutual admissibility ofevidence, overcoming national differences. Accès au dossier Assistance de l'avocat Aveu Admissibilité Confiance mutuelle Coopération judiciaire Décision d'enquête européenne Droits de la défense Droit au silence E'nquête Entraide judiciaire Équité procédurale Espace de liberté Sécurité et justice Garanties procédurales Harmonisation Instruction Libre circulation Loyauté Preuve Provocation policière Recevabilité Reconnaissance mutuelle Schengen Témoignage Access to the file Admissibility Area of freedom Security and justice Assistance of a lawyer Confession Entrapment European evidence warrant Evidence Evidence investigation order Fair trial Freedom of circulation Harmonisation Investigation Judicial cooperation Loyalty Mutual legal assistance Mutual trust Mutual recognition Procedural guarantees Rights of the defence Right to remain silent Schengen Testimony 340

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