Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This summation refers to the investigation inserted in the Curriculum, Teaching and School Practices Research Line (PPGE/CE/UFSM). The objective was to understand the implications of the solution of sociomoral conflicts on the moral autonomy building of students. The methodology used, it was described as qualitative under a case study perspective. The subjects who participated in the research were two Beginner Years of Fundamental Teaching fourth grade teachers and their respective groups. The context in which the research took place was a state school that belongs to the public instruction net of the city of Santa Maria-RS, the school being located at periphery of the city. The data was gathered through semistructured interviews and classroom live observation. The analysis of that data was organized into three categories, according to its frequency and centralization, in a quest for understanding the study: the solution of the sociomoral conflicts, the sociomoral rules and environment and the limits to be trespassed: the possible autonomy. Those categories were explored having the concept of morality presented by Jean Piaget as axis. From the acquired data analysis, one can conclude that the means the teachers used for solving the sociomoral conflicts did not favour the sociomoral autonomy building of the students. Because their practices were ruled, mainly, by coercion relationships, based on unilateral respect. From this investigation, one can understand the importance of sociomoral conflicts solution learning to be conceived in the educational institutions curriculum as an useful knowledge which will grant a pedagogical practice aimed at the moral autonomy building of the students. / Este resumo refere-se à investigação inserida na Linha de Pesquisa Currículo, Ensino e Práticas Escolares (PPGE/CE/UFSM). O objetivo foi compreender as implicações da resolução de conflitos sociomorais na construção da autonomia moral dos alunos. A metodologia utilizada caracterizou-se como qualitativa sob uma perspectiva de estudo de caso. Os sujeitos que participaram da pesquisa foram duas professoras da 4ª série dos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental e suas respectivas turmas. O contexto no qual a pesquisa realizou-se foi uma escola estadual da rede de ensino público do município de Santa Maria-RS, localizada na zona periférica da cidade. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas e observações em sala de aula. A análise desses dados organizou-se em três categorias, em função de sua freqüência e centralidade, na busca de compreensão do estudo: a resolução dos conflitos sociomorais, as regras e o ambiente sociomoral e os limites a serem transpostos: a autonomia possível. Essas categorias foram exploradas tendo como eixo fundamental o conceito de moralidade apresentada por Jean Piaget. A partir da análise dos dados obtidos pode-se concluir que as formas como as professoras resolveram os conflitos sociomorais não favoreceram a construção da autonomia moral dos alunos. Pois, suas práticas se pautaram, principalmente, em relações de coação, fundamentadas no respeito unilateral. A partir dessa investigação pode-se compreender a importância da aprendizagem da resolução de conflitos sociomorais ser concebida nos currículos das instituições educacionais como um conhecimento útil que contemple uma prática pedagógica voltada para a construção da autonomia moral dos alunos.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Crop raiding by wild animals is becoming increasingly common. In recent years, the management company of the Dona Francisca Hydroelectric Power Plant has received complaints from local residents about a supposed increase in the population of capuchin monkeys, which were allegedly causing "losses" to some farming households. It is crucial to understand people´s perceptions and attitudes towards monkeys to clarify the social factors that intensify conflicts, as well as the factors which favor the coexistence between humans and capuchin monkeys in farmlands. To identify human-wildlife conflicts and their possible causes, this study investigated the perceptions and attitudes of rural community residents in Ibarama (in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul), in the vicinity of the Dona Francisca dam, with respect to capuchin monkeys. The study was carried out through semi-structured interviews with farm owners and the subsequent categorization of their answers. Thirty-one interviews were conducted between September 2010 and January 2012. Most respondents were over 40 years old and had been living in the area since childhood. Most of them stated that monkeys have always existed in that region, and only two respondents associated the "emergence" of monkeys and the building of the dam. Maize is the main crop consumed. A significant portion of the respondents claimed that monkeys cause damage to their property, but most of them could not estimate the extent of their loss. Nevertheless, most of them consider monkeys to be important to nature and believe that the coexistence of humans and monkeys is possible in those areas. Although these losses financially commit some properties, you can see a scenario favorable to the adoption of conservation and educational practices aimed at protecting the capuchin monkey and its habitat. / As invasões de cultivos agrícolas por animais silvestres vêm se tornando cada vez mais comuns. Em anos recentes a empresa gestora da Usina Hidrelétrica Dona Francisca tem recebido queixas de moradores locais sobre um suposto aumento da população de macacos-prego, os quais estariam provocando prejuízos em algumas propriedades rurais. Compreender as concepções e atitudes do ser humano com relação aos macacos é importante para esclarecer os fatores sociais que intensificam os conflitos, bem como os que favorecem a coexistência entre humanos e macacos-prego nessas áreas. O objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar as percepções e as atitudes de moradores das comunidades rurais em Ibarama, RS, no entorno da barragem Dona Francisca, com relação aos macacos-prego, visando à identificação de conflitos e suas possíveis causas. O estudo foi realizado através de entrevista semi-estruturada com o responsável pela propriedade e categorização das respostas a posteriori. Foram realizadas 31 entrevistas, entre setembro de 2010 e janeiro de 2012. A maioria dos entrevistados possui mais de 40 anos e mora no local desde a infância. A maior parte deles afirma que sempre existiram macacos nessa região e apenas dois associaram o "aparecimento" dos macacos à construção da barragem. O milho é o principal cultivo agrícola consumido. Uma parcela significativa dos entrevistados afirma que os macacos causam prejuízo em sua propriedade, mas a maioria desses não soube precisar as perdas. Apesar disso, a grande maioria considera os macacos importantes para a natureza e acredita ser possível a coexistência entre macacos e humanos nessas áreas. Embora esses prejuízos comprometam financeiramente algumas propriedades, é possível observar um cenário favorável à adoção de práticas educativas e conservacionistas que visem à proteção do macaco-prego e de seu hábitat.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-02-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:30:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_va_me_assis.pdf: 933667 bytes, checksum: 2986b1df7783c3d549316498f8f6826f (MD5) / Este trabalho aborda os vários projetos de ocupação e colonização agrícola implementados pelo Exército na região de fronteira do vale formado pelos rios Madeira e Guaporé, entre as décadas de 30 e 40 do século XX. A proposta é analisar a atuação dos militares e os debates em torno da construção e da administração do Território Federal do Guaporé, quando foram instalados os primeiros Núcleos Agrícolas e os Contingentes Especiais de Fronteiras, no atual Estado de Rondônia. A colonização implementada pelos militares, ancorada na ideologia do vazio demográfico na fronteira, significou um impacto sobre os modos de vida das populações nativas - seringueiros e índios -, gerando conflitos sociais e étnicos. Confrontando os interesses das elites regionais e seus projetos para a região com os princípios sobre segurança e defesa de fronteiras que norteavam a ação do exército na região, busco recuperar os debates e seus desdobramentos na criação do Território Federal do Guaporé, nos bastidores do Estado Novo. Procuro, também, questionar as mudanças propagandeadas pelo governo federal e elites locais, a partir da implantação da estrutura administrativa do Território, evidenciando as contradições sociais agravadas com a continuidade da política de concentração de terras e dos seus recursos estratégicos e com a instituição de normas militarizadas para administrar a sociedade na região. / This work boards lots of agricultural occupation and colonization's projects implemented by the Army, on the frontier área of the valley formed by the Madeira river and Guaporé river, between the decades of 30 and 40 of the XX Century. The proposal is to analyse the militaries' performance and the debates about the construction and administration of GuaporéþFederal Territory, when there were instaled the first Agricultural Nucleus and the Especial Frontier Contingents, at the actual Estate of Rondônia. The colonization, implemented by the militaries, anchored on the ideology of demography empty at the frontier, meant an impact on the native populationþs ways of live - rubber tree workers and indians- producing lots of social and etnical conflicts. Confronting the regional elite's interests and its projects on the principles about safety and frontier defence has guided the Army's action in the area, I try to recuperate the debates and their consequences on the creation of Guaporé's Federal Territory, on the wings of the New Estate. I also try to discuss the changes diffused by the federal government and local elites, from the establishment of the Territorys administrative structure, evidencing the social contradictions aggravated with the continuity of the lands' concentration politics and its strategic resources and with the institucion of militarized rules to administrate the regional society.

O presente trabalho aborda a importância da literatura infantil na resolução de conflitos existenciais das crianças da educação infantil. A fim de comprovar a eficácia de um trabalho com literatura, foi executado um projeto com essa arte em uma escola municipal da cidade de Novo Hamburgo/RS. O projeto foi desenvolvido ao longo do ano de 2008 em uma turma de três e quatro anos. Todas as histórias e poesias escolhidas para serem exploradas no grupo foram selecionadas a partir de uma "escuta apurada" da pesquisadora e também educadora do grupo de crianças. Inicialmente foi narrado o conto de fadas Chapeuzinho Vermelho com o intuito de explorar a questão do medo e da curiosidade infantil vivenciada por meio da protagonista da história. Após, deu-se continuidade ao projeto com a narração da obra Quem tem medo de lobo?. Essa também enfocou a questão do medo e possibilitou explorar, por meio de um livro ilustrado e confeccionado pelas crianças, os medos presentes no grupo. Dando continuidade, foi narrada a história bíblica A criação e, posteriormente, Diversidade, obras que exploraram temas como as diferenças, semelhanças, direitos e deveres presentes em uma sociedade. Como finalização, houve a exploração de duas poesias de Cecília Meireles: As meninas e Sonhos de Menina, com as quais foi possível explorar temas como características pessoais, nomes e sonhos de cada um. A pesquisa comprovou que as crianças fazem uso das boas histórias que a elas são narradas e por meio de momentos onde podem se expressar utilizam-se de dramas das personagens das histórias para apontarem fatos que estejam vivenciando em suas vidas. A literatura infantil, quando bem selecionada e utilizada, é capaz de provocar transformações e de possibilitar à criança momentos onde, de forma inconsciente, estará refletindo sobre sua vida. Portanto, a arte literária contribui no desenvolvimento das crianças e possibilita que a utilizem para compreenderem melhor o mundo que as cerca e sentirem-se bem e aceitas nele. / The present project discuss about the importance of children literature in the resolution of children's living conflicts of child education. To prove the efficiency of a literature work, a project with this art was executed in a municipal school in Novo Hamburgo/RS. The project was developed during 2008 in classes of three and four year-olds. All the stories and poems chosen to be explored by the group were picked by the researcher and child educator from an "accurate hearing". Initially the Little Red Riding Hood fairy tale was narrated with the idea of exploring the question of fear and child curiosity dwelled by the protagonist of the story. After that, the project was continued with the narration of Who is Afraid Of Wolves? This story also focused on fear and the possibility of exploring, through the illustrated book and made by children, the fears among the group. Then the biblical tales The Creation and Diversity were narrated, stories that explored themes such as differences, similarities, rights and duties present in a society. To finalize it, there were two poems by Cecilia Meireles: The Girls and Girl's Dreams, where we were able to explore themes such as personal characteristics, names and each one's dreams. The research proved that children are able to make good usage of good stories narrated to them and in moments where they can express themselves through the characters of the stories to point out facts lived by them. The children literature, when well selected and used, is able to affront changes and enable moments to children where, unconsciously, are reflecting to their lives. Hence, literature contributes to the development of children and allows them to comprehend the world better and feel well and accepted in it.

In the following study, we capture managers' experiences of bullying at the workplace, in both social services organizations as well as other human-affairs organizations such as healthcare organizations. The aim of the study is to seek both explanations and understanding of the extent, nature and impact of bullying in the above professions. Furthermore we compare these professions with each other to find out how different organizational and social stressors can affect workers in different ways. In addition, the study focuses on seeking understanding of the manager's own experiences regarding benefits and limitations when it comes to managing various forms of bullying. The present study seeks to answer the following questions through a multistrategic approach consisting of quantitative data in the form of public statistics as well as qualitative data based on six semistructured interviews with social services organizations and other human-affairs organizations. The results of this study show that there is a significant changes over time when it comes to social worker’s and health care worker’s vulnerability to bullying at the workplace. This study has found that organizational and social factors may affect employees' perceived mental stress, which in turn can result in escalating conflicts and an unsustainable working environment. This study therefore emphasizes the importance of managers' social support and prompt action to pay attention to potential bullying situations, both concrete and diffuse.

abstract: In traditional networks the control and data plane are highly coupled, hindering development. With Software Defined Networking (SDN), the two planes are separated, allowing innovations on either one independently of the other. Here, the control plane is formed by the applications that specify an organization's policy and the data plane contains the forwarding logic. The application sends all commands to an SDN controller which then performs the requested action on behalf of the application. Generally, the requested action is a modification to the flow tables, present in the switches, to reflect a change in the organization's policy. There are a number of ways to control the network using the SDN principles, but the most widely used approach is OpenFlow. With the applications now having direct access to the flow table entries, it is easy to have inconsistencies arise in the flow table rules. Since the flow rules are structured similar to firewall rules, the research done in analyzing and identifying firewall rule conflicts can be adapted to work with OpenFlow rules. The main work of this thesis is to implement flow conflict detection logic in OpenDaylight and inspect the applicability of techniques in visualizing the conflicts. A hierarchical edge-bundling technique coupled with a Reingold-Tilford tree is employed to present the relationship between the conflicting rules. Additionally, a table-driven approach is also implemented to display the details of each flow. Both types of visualization are then tested for correctness by providing them with flows which are known to have conflicts. The conflicts were identified properly and displayed by the views. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Computer Science 2016

Le droit international, dans son rôle de « vigie » ou de « vigile » de la sécurité internationale, est parfois éprouvé par la délicate équation du défi de la paix en Afrique. En effet, depuis que ce continent est devenu « [acteur] de sa propre histoire », - avec le nouveau décor international occasionné par la fin de la période bipolaire -, paradoxalement, il est également devenu un terrain fertile en conflits. En dépit des mutations ou des « dynamiques du droit international », opérées par les Organisations internationales dans la pratique du maintien de la paix, la dynamique évolutive des conflits et leur nature irrégulière, posent bien de difficultés. Et c’est le nœud de ces rapports ambigus entre les Organisations internationales et les conflits en Afrique qu’il convient de tenter de défaire, en en appréhendant tour à tour, leur implication, puis leur contribution à la résolution desdits conflits. De cette double appréhension, émerge le besoin, dans les stratégies de résolution des conflits, d’une prise en compte aussi bien de la violence visible que de la violence invisible ; celle-ci suppose une réelle connaissance des vrais déterminants conflictuels. D’où la nécessité d’un droit régional africain de maintien de la paix car, la paix objective doit être accompagnée de la paix subjective / International law, in its role of "watchdog" or "vigil" of international security, is sometimes felt by the delicate equation of the challenge of peace in Africa. Since that this continent has become "actress of her own history" - with the new international backdrop caused by the end of the bipolar period - paradoxically, it has also become a breeding ground for conflicts. Despite mutations or "dynamic of international law", carried out by international organizations in the practice of peacekeeping, the evolutionary dynamics of conflict and their irregular nature pose many difficulties. And that is the crux of the ambiguous relationship between international organizations and conflict in Africa should try to undo in apprehending turn, their involvement and their contribution to the resolution of such conflicts.This double apprehension emerges the need, in conflict resolution strategies, taking into account both the visible violence of invisible violence; it implies real knowledge of true conflicting determinants. Hence the need for an African regional law peacekeeping because the objective peace must be accompanied by the subjective peace

La lithographie par double impression est une solution potentielle proposée pour l'impression des circuits des nœuds technologiques avancés (22nm et au-delà) en attendant que la lithographie Extrême Ultraviolet soit prête pour la production en masse. La technique de double impression est basée sur la décomposition en deux masques d'exposition des motifs d'un niveau donné du circuit intégré. Deux motifs voisins ayant un pas inférieur au pas minimal résolu en un procédé lithographique sont affiliés simultanément à deux masques différents. Les motifs ayant des pas supérieurs au pas critique, motifs non critiques, sont mis sur un masque ou sur un autre dans le but de générer une densité de motifs équivalente entre les deux masques d'exposition. Dans cette thèse, nous avons développé une nouvelle méthode de décomposition dite « décomposition optique ». Cette dernière est basée sur l'analyse de l'interaction des ordres de diffraction dans le plan de la pupille du système optique de projection. La décomposition optique permet d'améliorer l'affiliation des motifs non critiques à l'un des deux masques dans le but d'améliorer le contraste des deux masques lors de la double impression. Afin de valider cette nouvelle méthode de décomposition, nous l'avons appliqué au niveau contacts d'un circuit de logique du nœud 22nm. / As the lithography EUV is not yet ready to be used for semi-conductor business needs, the double patterning lithography is a promising solution to print sub 22nm node features. The principle of the double patterning is the pitch splitting also named as the coloring of a given circuit layer's features. Two adjacent features must be assigned opposite masks or opposite colors corresponding to different exposures, if their pitch is less than the minimum resolvable pitch. However, features with pitches larger than the critical one are not critical and could be assigned to one of the two masks for density balance. In this thesis, we developed a new split called “optical split” based on the diffractive orders analysis in the pupil plane. The optical split optimizes the non critical contacts affiliation to one of the two exposure masks. The goal of the optical split is to enhance the lithographic performances of the generated masks in order to improve the double patterning process printing. In order to validate the optical split, we apply it on contact layer of the 22nm node logic.

Notre projet de thèse suggère une lecture juridique, politique et sociale d'un conflit entre deux droits fondamentaux culturels. Plusieurs controverses existent aujourd'hui dans le monde occidental, dont l'objectif serait la légitimation éventuelle des restrictions de la liberté d'expression, et la liberté de l'art en particulier, au nom de la protection des croyances religieuses. Nous pourrions constater en effet un certain « paroxysme », qui aboutit, en dernier essor, à un conflit juridique, voire, un conflit réel. Au plan international, les premières indications de ce conflit apparussent peu ou prou au même époque que la controverse autour les « Versets sataniques » de Salman Rushdie. Quinze ans après, déclencha une autre « crise mondiale »: l'affaire des caricatures danoises, suivie, jusqu'aujourd'hui, par des dizaines de résolution du Conseil des droits de l'Homme et de l'Assemblée Générale des Nations Unies sur la diffamation des religions. Si l'on associe ce prétendu ‘conflit de valeurs' aux répercussions des attaques du 11 septembre et de la guerre contre le terrorisme, ainsi qu'aux politiques de discrimination constante à l'encontre des immigrés et les requérants d'asile en Europe, ou encore à la théorie de Huntington qui prône un supposé « conflit de civilisations », nous comprenons bien que la discussion est loin de concerner uniquement la liberté d'expression, ni, a fortiori, la liberté de l'art. Notre but est de proposer des approches « alternatives » aux conflits de droits, basées sur l'analyse des valeurs qui sont en jeu, et ciblant plutôt à la prévention de tels « conflits culturels », qu'à leur résolution formelle en faveur d'un droit ou d'un autre. / Our thesis project suggests suggests a legal, political and social reading of a conflict between two fundamental cultural rights. Several controversies exist today in the west world claiming the eventual legitimacy of the restrictions on artistic freedom, in the name of the protection of religious beliefs. We could even observe a certain ‘paroxysm' on this matter, which ends up at a legal, and virtually a real, conflict. From an international law point of view, the first indications of this kind of conflict appeared more or less during the notorious controversy around Salman Rushdie's ‘Satanic Verses”. Fifteen years later, in 2004, another ‘global crisis' appears: that of the Danish cartoons, followed by several resolutions on the subject of defamation of religions, issued by the UN Human Rights Council and the General Assembly. Associating this supposed “conflict of values” with the impact of 9/11 and the war against terrorism, as well as the discrimination politics against immigrants and asylum seekers in Europe, or even Huntington's theory concerning a pretended ‘conflict of civilisations', we realize that this ‘conflict' is not a matter concerning exclusively freedom of expression(FoE), and certainly not the freedom of the arts. Our aim is to propose alternative methods of conflict resolution techniques, based on the analysis of the values at stake and focusing on the prevention of such « cultural conflicts », rather then on their resolution, in favour of one right or the other.

Transações entre partes relacionadas são cada vez mais discutidas por reguladores, agentes econômicos e pela academia, não só no Brasil. Tal decisão empresarial, muito comum em grupos de sociedade que buscam eficiências gerenciais, suscita preocupações crescentes pelo potencial de conflito de interesses que traz em seus termos e condições, podendo beneficiar injusta e até fraudulentamente controladores e administradores de determinadas sociedades. Uma devida regulação da matéria faz-se imprescindível no crescente e promissor mercado de capitais brasileiro. Estruturada em três capítulos, esta tese parte da discussão sobre grupos e as transações entre suas partes relacionadas com o objetivo de delimitar o seu escopo. Em seguida, trata da regulação da matéria no direito brasileiro, culminando com seu estudo empírico e multidisciplinar. Observa-se, nessa investigação, a multiplicidade e a descoordenação regulatória que existe sobre o assunto em nosso país, seja em razão das estratégias regulatórias existentes, seja pelas diversas soluções jurídicas adotadas. O tema demanda uma reflexão profunda para receber uma nova e adequada regulação, não podendo seus aspectos jurídicos, econômicos, sociológicos e estratégicos ser ignorados, mas considerados de forma complementar. Contribuições da governança corporativa, ética empresarial e contabilidade precisam ser igualmente incorporadas nessa análise integrada. Este trabalho chega a quatro conclusões: (a) compreender grupos e suas relações contratuais internas é cada vez mais complexo e multidisciplinar e sua regulação precisa ser bem pensada e adequada, sob pena de intervenção indevida, desnecessária e excessiva na liberdade de organização empresarial; (b) os conceitos que existem sobre o assunto são demasiadamente amplos, extrapolando relações societárias, ajudando a fomentar uma regulação genérica e descoordenada; (c) a regulação do tema sempre foi reativa a crises, com modelos e soluções jurídicas pontuais e não coordenados entre si, desprezando-se custos organizacionais e outros efeitos negativos internos e externos, em vez de serem claros e lógicos e envolverem uma política pública mais direcionada, considerando estudos empíricos e dados oficiais já disponíveis; e (d) a realidade do mercado de capitais brasileiro está em crescente mutação e possui características peculiares, razão pela qual qualquer regulação do tema não se deve simplesmente importar soluções estrangeiras. / Related party transactions are increasingly being discussed by regulators, economic agents and scholars, not only in Brazil. Such business decision, very common in business groups that seek for management efficiencies, brings concerns as to its potential conflicts of interests arisen out from its terms and conditions, which may lead to unfair and even fraudulent benefits to controlling shareholders and managers of certain companies. Structured in three chapters, this thesis starts from the discussion on business groups and related party transactions aiming at limiting its scope. Then it deals with the current regulation of the subject in Brazil, concluding with its empirical and multidisciplinary studies. Such examination leads to the fact that such Brazilian regulation is multiple and not coordinated, either because of the existing regulatory strategies or in view of the adopted legal solutions. The subject requires a deep analysis in order to be subject to a new and adequate regulation, and their legal, economic, sociological, and strategic aspects cannot be ignored, but considered in a complementary way. This thesis comes to four conclusions: (a) the understanding of business groups and its internal contractual relations is becoming more complex and multidisciplinary and its precise regulation may be well thought and adequate, otherwise there will be an unduly, unnecessary, and excessive intervention on the freedom for business structuring; (b) the definitions on the subject are extremely broad, beyond equity holding, which helps to stimulate its generic and not coordinated regulation; (c) the regulation on the subject has always been reactive to crises, with illogical specific legal models and solutions, which ignore organizational costs and other internal and external negative effects, despite being clear and coordinated, involving a more directed public policy considering available empirical studies and official data; and (d) the reality of the Brazilian capital market is increasingly changing and has peculiar characteristics, therefore any regulation on the subject shall not simply import foreign solutions.