<p>^{With the advent of globalisation driving the People.s Republic of China to embrace its future,}^{the local government has shown great enthusiasm promulgating one of the oldest industries.}^{Foreign higher educational providers that operate in China through the mode of joint venture}^{cooperatives between a Chinese and foreign institution of higher learning are becoming}^{increasingly .knowledgeable-hungry. public or private universities and colleges. Such}^{operations commonly known as Sino-foreign educational cooperatives}</p><p>^(SFEC)^{, are hotly}^{spawned on the mainland, enrolling Chinese students through the division of responsibilities,}^{roles and resources. The Chinese party is mostly responsible for the hardware support,}^{supplying facilities and logistics as the part of the bargain, whereas the foreign party provides}^{the intellectual software of academic programs.}^{The locus of this qualitative study aims to present and investigate a distinct phenomenon of}^{learning in SFEC through the theories of sociocultural perspective encumbered in a transitional}^{context; Sino-foreign}^(SF)^{graduates to other workplace communities. Without common}^{interests of social interaction, co-participation, and transformation, SFEC are often discredited}^{due to various factors. The learning aims will feature participative and transformative themes}^{that feature qualitative and interpretive methods. Thus, this research involves interviewing four}^{relevant participants from the likes of two Chinese nationals and two non-Chinese, and how}^{they view learning in SFEC applied to a transitional context, the workplace.}^{My furtherance of analysis will generally stress learning, co-participation and transformative}^{learning in activities that circumvents discriminatory elements of artifacts, identity profiling,}^{relationships, commitment and workplace employment for the necessary transition. In the}^{initial research phase, it did seem that putting learning into community practice in China was}^{essential. In the closing stages, thoughts will flow to the legitimisation of participative and}^{transformative learning, which forms the backdrop of this original theme of research gathered}^{through previous works of similar purview. Prawatt and Floden (1994) remark that knowledge,}^{and the belief that knowledge is the result of social interaction and language usage, and thus is}^{a shared, rather than an individual, experience. Presumably, my chosen theories frame the}^{interactive and shared communal nature of the Chinese society and learning systems.}</p> / na

Cooperatives are a means through which farmers may gain economic power by reducing unit transaction costs associated with production, marketing and distribution of products. In South Africa, cooperatives are promoted as a means of advancing economic development in rural areas through empowerment, development of income generating activities, improvement of human resource capacity, and increased savings and investment. The new Cooperatives Act 14 of 2005 was enacted in August 2005 to promote the role of cooperatives as organisations for pro-poor development in South Africa and to increase their chance of survival in the economy. This study uses a New Institutional Economics (NIE) framework to analyse the Cooperatives Act and its worth as a vehicle for promoting pro-poor development. A hypothetical cooperative, predicated by the new Act, was analysed using the NIE to identify institutional problems likely to constrain the collective efforts of small producers. A case study approach was then used to analyse three production cooperatives in KwaZulu-Natal that were registered post August 2005 and still operational in 2008. Interviews were conducted with individual members, directors and project managers (where applicable) between May and July 2008. Open-ended questions provided the flexibility needed to explore the institutional roots of problems identified by respondents. Free-rider, horizon, portfolio, control and influence problems were identified in the case studies. These problems, which stem from ill-defined voting and benefit rights, resulted in low equity investment, low investment in long term assets, a preference for current cash flows rather than future investment, and social conflict – all of which constrained the competitiveness and growth prospects of the cooperatives studied. In an attempt to mitigate these problems, two of the cooperatives shed their poorest members, a solution which is not consistent with the objective of pro-poor economic development. Additionally, two cooperatives opted to create their own rules to reward investors with capital gains - an institutional arrangement that is not permitted by the new Act. It is concluded that the new Act should be amended to give cooperatives greater flexibility in their institutional arrangements. In particular, cooperatives should be allowed to issue tradable equity shares that offer benefits proportional to shareholding. If these tradable equity shares carry voting rights and are offered to non-patron investors, aggregate voting rights conferred on these non-patron investors should be capped to prevent loss of control by patron members. It is further recommended that the same level of start-up support should be made available to all producer groups that formally register their business, regardless of the business model chosen, and that member empowerment should be an essential requirement for registration and public funding. Keywords: Agricultural Cooperatives, Cooperatives Act, New Institutional Economics, Case Study / Thesis (M.Sc.Agric.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2010.

This dissertation investigates the impact of institutional and governance factors on the performance of 10 selected smallholder agricultural cooperatives (case studies) in KwaZulu- Natal (KZN). All the selected cooperatives were traditionally structured (e.g., one-member, one-vote system). Due to logistical and administrative constraints, the selected smallholder cooperatives were drawn from the EThekwini and UMgungundlovu Districts (the latter comprising of two sub-districts, namely Camperdown and Msunduzi), which incorporate the major cities of Durban and Pietermaritzburg. Five of the cooperatives grow and market vegetables, three produce and market poultry, one is a beef production cooperative and another operates a bakery. Information from the interviews suggests that members of the selected smallholder cooperatives do not fully understand cooperative principles and have high expectations of potential benefits of being members. Descriptive analysis of the case studies describes total membership of each selected cooperative; average number of management meetings per month; gender and age composition of cooperative members; the characteristics of chairpersons of these cooperatives (e.g., gender, age and education); the initial capital structure of these cooperatives; annual turnover; growth opportunities; and institutional and governance factors influencing the performance of these cooperatives. The results of a cluster analysis suggest that the performance of the selected smallholder cooperatives is influenced by institutional and governance problems. Institutional problems give rise to low levels of equity and debt capital, reliance on government funding, low levels of investment, and subsequent loss of members. Governance problems are strongly linked to the absence of secret ballot, low levels of education, lack of production and management skills training, weak marketing arrangements and consequent low returns to members as patrons or investors. The conclusion is that appropriate institutional arrangements and good governance are important to the performance of enterprises initiated by groups of smallholders. South Africa’s new Cooperatives Act prevents smallholder cooperatives from adopting good institutional arrangements. Alternative ownership structures such as close corporations and private companies offer better institutional arrangements and opportunities for equity-sharing partnerships. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2009.

Collective smallholder farming has been widely promoted as a vehicle for smallholder agricultural development in South Africa. As a result, agricultural co-operative registrations in South Africa are increasing. However, research suggests that South African co-operatives have generally not been effective, successful and functional. This study investigated the elements constituting an effective and functional primary agricultural co-operative among three smallholder agricultural co-operatives. It is expected that identification of these elements may enable institutions that offer support to co-operatives make better decisions to improve smallholder farming through primary agricultural co-operatives. Understanding of these elements could inform the efforts for members of co-operatives to achieve their set objectives and thus improve smallholder agriculture profitability. Three rural agricultural co-operatives in the Local Municipalities of Mooi-Mpofana, Mkhambathini, and Richmond in the Umgungundlovu District Municipality were purposively selected for the study because they were registered agricultural co-operatives. Inyamvubu Co-operative (from Mooi-Mpofana) was larger in membership, and well established compared to Umphumela (from Mkhambathini) and Ingwe-Mndeni (from Richmond). The sample included the purposively selected members and non-members of agricultural co-operatives to explore the differences and provide insight to the knowledge, opinions and perceptions of collective farming. A framework for analysing the effectiveness of agricultural co-operatives was developed using literature of objectives of agricultural co-operatives, success factors of smallholder agriculture and organisational effectiveness. This framework was used to analyse the effectiveness of the three co-operatives. Focus group discussions, Force Field Analysis and a survey were used for data collection. The study revealed that the three co-operatives have clearly defined group objectives aligned to those set out by the South African government. The main identified objectives of farming for the three co-operatives included; creation of employment and income generating activities, improving access to funding, strengthening market access and strengthening human and community development. Activities carried out by the three co-operatives took advantage of opportunities in the value chain including production, marketing, and transportation of produce to markets. However, farmers’ activities were hampered by a number of constraints. Production capability of the three co-operatives was hampered by resource constraints such as lack of access to land, machinery and equipment, finances and information relevant to production. Marketing, transportation and financial management capability of the three co-operatives was hampered by poor networking skills, poor infrastructure and low literacy levels. Management capability in the three co-operatives was challenged by complex group dynamics characterised by conflict of opinions and issues related to free-rider, horizon, and portfolio problems. Low capability of the three co-operatives to mobilise resources, use the limited resources available and low capability to manage institutional arrangements rendered the co-operatives ineffective in achieving their set objectives. The study recommends strategies for ensuring the effectiveness of agricultural co-operatives. These include strategies for addressing internal and external issues affecting the co-operatives. Direct intervention from government was recommended to improve production through revising land allocation systems, improving extension services and strict monitoring of effective use of government resources provided to farmers. Government should improve access and training to relevant technologies to improve the processing and packaging capabilities of co-operatives. Marketing and management activities should be supported through provision of improved infrastructure and relevant training. Farmers themselves should consider pooling resources for market rental of crop land, engage in value added activities, and develop informed marketing programs and cost-effective distributing mechanisms. Farmers should elect an effective board of members that will ensure enforcement of agreements and constitution. / Thesis (M.Agric.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2010.

「雲端運算」這幾年來成為全世界熱門議題，受到各個先進國家政府的高度重視，相繼積極投入龐大經費與資源來建立雲端運算的基礎建設與協助產業發展，更為產業界帶來了龐大商機，業者無不搭上這股時代潮流，期盼能找到創新營運模式，來提昇公司的核心競爭力。 　　台灣信用合作社受到現行金融法規的規定，限制其經營業務種類、營業區域及交易對象，造成信用合作社的營運範疇、可用的資源、事業網絡、營業額、客戶數及市佔率等等面向都無法與一般商業銀行比較。此先天的限制，也讓信用合作社在資訊設備的投資，資訊人員的配置上，與銀行相比也相對少很多，造成在競爭力上處於不平等的窘境。 　　本研究挑選金融資訊服務產業個案公司和其客戶區隔（信用合作社）做為個案研究對象。試著透過商業模式的理論觀點，探討雲端運算提供的服務模式，分析個案公司ASP營運模式是否能成功轉型成雲端運算SaaS模式，並發展出一套適合台灣信用合作社的雲端服務電子銀行解決方案。本研究結果除了可以提供給台灣信用合作社建置電子銀行系統參考外，亦可以對台灣金融資訊服務業因應雲端運算趨勢，帶來新的商業契機。 / "Cloud computing" has become the world's most popular topics in the past few years. Each advanced countries governments have attached great importance to cloud computing, and have been actively involved in the huge funding and resources to build a cloud computing infrastructure to assist industrial development, but also for the industry to create huge business opportunities. The enterprises have to catch up with this trend, and look forward to find innovative business model to enhance the company's core competitiveness. 　　Taiwan's credit cooperatives types of business, the business region, and trading customers are subject to the limitations of the financial laws and regulations. Result its business region, available resources, business networks, business income, the number of customers and market share, etc., cannot compare with the banks. This inherent limitation caused Taiwan's credit cooperatives invest in IT equipment and IT personnel are much less than the banks, resulting in unfair competition. 　　In this study, we select the financial information services industry, the case company and its customer segmentation (Taiwan's credit cooperatives) as a case study. This study tries to explore the cloud computing service model through the business model of theoretical perspectives to analyze the case of the company's ASP business model is able to successfully transform into cloud computing SaaS model, and tries to develop a set of cloud services for Taiwan's credit cooperatives in e-banking solutions. The results of this study can provide Taiwan's credit cooperatives to build the reference of the electronic banking system, also of Taiwan's financial information services in response to the trend of cloud computing bring new business opportunities.

La tesis propone un marco de trabajo para el soporte de la toma de decisiones adecuado para soportar la ejecución distribuida de acciones cooperativas en entornos multi-agente dinámicos y complejos. Soporte para la toma de decisiones es un proceso que intenta mejorar la ejecución de la toma de decisiones en escenarios cooperativos. Este proceso ocurre continuamente en la vida diaria. Los humanos, por ejemplo, deben tomar decisiones acerca de que ropa usar, que comida comer, etc. En este sentido, un agente es definido como cualquier cosa que está situada en un entorno y que actúa, basado en su observación, su interpretación y su conocimiento acerca de su situación en tal entorno para lograr una acción en particular.Por lo tanto, para tomar decisiones, los agentes deben considerar el conocimiento que les permita ser consientes en que acciones pueden o no ejecutar. Aquí, tal proceso toma en cuenta tres parámetros de información con la intención de personificar a un agente en un entorno típicamente físico. Así, el mencionado conjunto de información es conocido como ejes de decisión, los cuales deben ser tomados por los agentes para decidir si pueden ejecutar correctamente una tarea propuesta por otro agente o humano. Los agentes, por lo tanto, pueden hacer mejores decisiones considerando y representando apropiadamente tal información. Los ejes de decisión, principalmente basados en: las condiciones ambientales, el conocimiento físico y el valor de confianza del agente, provee a los sistemas multi-agente un confiable razonamiento para alcanzar un factible y exitoso rendimiento cooperativo.Actualmente, muchos investigadores tienden a generar nuevos avances en la tecnología agente para incrementar la inteligencia, autonomía, comunicación y auto-adaptación en escenarios agentes típicamente abierto y distribuidos. En este sentido, esta investigación intenta contribuir en el desarrollo de un nuevo método que impacte tanto en las decisiones individuales como colectivas de los sistemas multi-agente. Por lo tanto, el marco de trabajo propuesto ha sido utilizado para implementar las acciones concretas involucradas en el campo de pruebas del fútbol robótico. Este campo emula los juegos de fútbol real, donde los agentes deben coordinarse, interactuar y cooperar entre ellos para solucionar tareas complejas dentro de un escenario dinámicamente cambiante y competitivo, tanto para manejar el diseño de los requerimientos involucrados en las tareas como para demostrar su efectividad en trabajos colectivos. Es así que los resultados obtenidos tanto en el simulador como en el campo real de experimentación, muestran que el marco de trabajo para el soporte de decisiones propuesto para agentes situados es capaz de mejorar la interacción y la comunicación, reflejando en un adecuad y confiable trabajo en equipo dentro de entornos impredecibles, dinámicos y competitivos. Además, los experimentos y resultados también muestran que la información seleccionada para generar los ejes de decisión para situar a los agentes, es útil cuando tales agentes deben ejecutar una acción o hacer un compromiso en cada momento con la intención de cumplir exitosamente un objetivo colectivo. Finalmente, algunas conclusiones enfatizando las ventajas y utilidades del trabajo propuesto en la mejora del rendimiento colectivo de los sistemas multi-agente en situaciones tales como tareas coordinadas y asignación de tareas son presentadas. / This thesis proposes a framework to decision support suitable for supporting the distributed performing of cooperative actions in dynamic and complex multi-agent environments. Decision support is a process aiming to improve the decision-making performance in cooperative scenarios. Simply stated, decision-making is the process of selecting a specific action out of multiple alternatives. This process occurs continuously in daily life. Humans, for instance, have to take decisions about what cloths to wear, what food to eat, etc. In this sense, an agent is defined as anything that is situated in an environment and acts, based on its observation, its interpretation and its knowledge about its situation on such environment to fulfil a particular action. Therefore, to take decisions, agents must get knowledge that allow them to be aware on what actions can or cannot perform. Here, such process takes three information parameters trying to embody an agent in a typically physical world. This set of information is known as decision axes, which it any agent must take into account to decide if it can perform correctly the task proposed by other agent or human. Agents can make better decision by considering and representing properly such information. Decision axes, mainly based on the agents' environmental condition, the agents' physical knowledge and the agents' trust value, provide multi-agent systems a reliable reasoning for achieving feasible and successful cooperative performance. Currently, many researches tend to generate news advances in agent technology to increase the intelligence, autonomy, communication and self-adaptation in open and distributed agent scenarios. In this sense, this research aims to contribute to the development of a new path to impact on both individual and cooperative decisions in multi-agent environments In this light, the thesis was used to implement the concrete actions involved in the robot soccer both in simulated as in real scenarios. It emulates a soccer game where agents must communicate; interact and cooperate among them to perform complex actions within a dynamic and competitive scenario, both to drive the design of the involved actions' requirements as to demonstrate its effectiveness in cooperative jobs. Therefore, the thesis has obtained results, both on simulation and on real experimentations, showing that the framework to decision support for situated agents presented is capable to improve the interaction and the communication, reflect in a suitable and reliable agent's team-work within an unpredictable, dynamic and competitive environment. The experimentation also showed that the selected information to generate the decision axes to situate agents are useful when these agents must perform the proper action or made sure commitments at each moment in order to reach successfully a goal. Conclusions emphasizing the advantages and usefulness of the introduced approach, in the improvement of multi-agent performance in coordinated task and task allocation problems are presented.

Orientador: Ubaldo Silveira / Banca: Alfredo Argus / Banca: Josiani Julião Alves de Oliveira / Banca: Mário José Filho / Banca: Helen Barbosa Raiz Engler / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta algumas constatações obtidas a partir de uma análise das relações entre trabalhadores de uma cooperativa de recicladores. Esses trabalhadores são oriundos da atividade na área rural, principalmente o trabalho no corte manual da cana-de-açúcar na região de Ribeirão Preto/SP. A pesquisa buscou identificar as características do processo de mudança de ofício, quando o cortador de cana passou a trabalhar como catador de recicláveis e, inclusive, verificar como vem ocorrendo à adaptação deste indivíduo ao sistema de trabalho autogestionado, típico de organizações cooperativistas. Para tal, utilizamo-nos da pesquisa de caráter descritivo exploratório, de abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa. A cooperativa selecionada para o estudo foi a Cooperativa de Recicladores de Sertãozinho, a CORSERTA, por apresentar características que possibilitaram obter as informações necessárias para o atendimento dos objetivos deste estudo. Como instrumento de coleta de dados foi aplicado um questionário semi-estruturado. Seis eixos de análise foram considerados para a construção do conhecimento proposto: a questão agrária; o setor sucroalcooleiro e suas tendências; os ofícios de cortador de cana e de catador de recicláveis; o processo de reciclagem, a economia solidária e o cooperativismo; a trajetória e as características da CORSERTA e a análise das entrevistas que trazem informações sobre a adaptação dos trabalhadores rurais à atividade de catador e ao sistema cooperativo. Como resultado, o estudo revela que a atividade de catar materiais recicláveis, principalmente quando organizada em cooperativas de trabalho apresenta uma opção de trabalho e renda para os trabalhadores rurais que perderam seus postos de trabalho em virtude da mecanização do processo de corte nas lavouras de cana. O estudo mostra também que o trabalhador... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This paper presents some findings obtained from an analysis of relations among workers at a recycling cooperative. Those workers are from the rural activity area, particularly the work on the manual cutting of sugar cane in Ribeirão Preto/SP. The survey sought to identify the characteristics of the process of change of occupation, when the cane cutters began to work as collectors of recyclables and even see how this individual's adaptation to the selfmanaged work system is occurring, as it is typical of cooperative organizations. To this end, we have used the descriptive-exploratory study, quantitative and qualitative approach. The cooperative was selected for the study of the Cooperative of Recyclers Sertãozinho, the CORSERTA, by presenting features that allowed to obtain the information necessary to meet the goals of this study. As a tool for data collection, a semi-structured survey was made. Six lines of analysis were considered for the proposed construction of knowledge: the agrarian issue, the alcohol sector and trends; cane cutter and collector of recyclables' occupations, the recycling process, the solidarity economy and cooperativeness, and the trajectory the characteristics of CORSERTA and the analysis of the interviews that have information about the adaptation of rural workers to the activity of scavengers mainly when organized as a cooperative system. As a result, the study reveals that the activity of picking up recyclable materials, particularly when organized into cooperatives work, presents a choice of jobs and income for rural workers who lost their jobs because of mechanization of the cutting process in the cane fields. The study also shows that the worker on the craft of picking recyclables do not see this activity as a provisional form of subsistence and income, but as an activity in which they intend to stay, develop, be socially recognized and valued... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Resume: Ce travail présente quelques constatations obtenues à partir d'une analyse des relations entre les travailleurs d'une coopérative de recycleurs. Ces travailleurs sont originaires de l'activité rurale, principalement le travail dans la coupe manuelle de la canne à sucre dans la région de Ribeirão Preto /SP. La recherche a cherché identifier les caractéristiques du processus de changement d'office, quand le coupeur de canne a commencé à travailler comme collecteur de recyclables et, de même, vérifier comment cela se passe à l'adaptation de cette personne au système de travaille auto-gestionnaire, typique des organisations coopératistes. Pour cela, nous avons utilisé de la recherche de caractère descriptif exploratoire, d'abordage quantitatif et qualitatif. La coopérative sélectionnée pour l'étude a été la Coopérative de Recycleurs de Sertãozinho, CORSERTA, car elle présente des caractéristiques qui rendent possible obtenir les informations nécessaires pour la procédure des objectifs de cette étude. Comme instrument de cette collecte de données nous avons appliqué un questionnaire semi-structuré. Six axes d'analyse ont été considérés pour la construction de la connaissance proposée: la question agraire; le secteur du sucre et de l'alcool et leurs tendances; les métiers de coupeur de canne à sucre et de collecteur de recyclables; le processus de recyclage, l'économie solidaire et le coopératisme; la trajectoire et les caractéristiques de CORSERTA et l'analyse des entrevues qui apportent informations sur l'adaptation des travailleurs agricoles à l'activité de collecteur de recyclables et au système coopératif. Comme résultat, l'étude révèle que l'activité de collecter de matériaux recyclables, principalement quand elle est organisée dans des coopératives de travail elle présente... (Résumé complet accès électronique ci - dessous) / Doutor

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No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Ligia Greatti.pdf: 1360022 bytes, checksum: dd91ce02098ec9781c1738e665b171f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-12 / This study, in general terms, analyzes issues connected to relations between State and society in public policy implementation processes in Brazil, focusing on process that resulted in policy of financial inclusion. The objective that guides development of research refers to the role played by actors located in non-state sphere, particularly Credit Cooperatives, in processes of public policies implementation and, mainly, how these actors relate to actors positioned in state sphere, particularaly in public policy coordination. Looking for providing theoretical support for the research, a literature survey was carried out on public policies, implementation process and its actors, the policy of financial inclusion and on credit cooperativism. Then, the approach proposed by Subirats et al. (2012) in order to analyze relationship between credit cooperatives, as actors who implement financial inclusion policy and governmental actors coordinating this policy, in particular Brazilian Central Bank. Through this approach, the policy content was analyzed, actors with their values, ideas and interests, the resources they mobilize and institutional rules that surround them, and how these elements influence relations established between the actors. Therefore, it was used documentary research and semi-structured interview for data collection, which contents were analyzed with the help of Atlas TI Software. It was observed that the process of implementing financial inclusion policy is influenced by these elements, which motivate and condition relationships. Conclusions of the study point that cooperatives involved in process effectively succeed in influencing public policy implementation and that relations between them and Brazilian Central Bank occur in cooperation way, which is only due to the fact that exists consensus among them about public problem faced, of common values and interests in face of financial inclusion policy, mobilizing resources autonomously and, in certain situations, through negotiation, also with dialogues and discussions on institutional norms that involve them. Relationships between these actors in process of implementing financial inclusion policy went through a long period of reflections and debates, which have continued constantly until present day, thus strengthening existing cooperation between them. / Este estudo, em linhas gerais, analisa questões relativas às relações entre Estado e sociedade em processos de implementação de políticas públicas no Brasil, tomando como foco da análise o processo que resultou na política de inclusão financeira. O objetivo que orienta o desenvolvimento da pesquisa diz respeito ao papel desempenhado por atores posicionados na esfera não estatal, particularmente as Cooperativas de Crédito, em processos de implementação de políticas públicas e, principalmente, como estes atores se relacionam com atores posicionados na esfera estatal, especialmente na coordenação da política pública. Visando dar suporte teórico para a pesquisa, foi realizado um levantamento de literatura sobre políticas públicas, o processo de implementação e seus atores, a política de inclusão financeira e sobre o cooperativismo de crédito. Em seguida recorreu-se ao enfoque proposto por Subirats et al. (2012) para analisar como ocorrem as relações entre cooperativas de crédito, enquanto atores implementadores da política de inclusão financeira e os atores governamentais coordenadores dessa política, principalmente o Banco Central do Brasil. Através de tal abordagem, analisou-se o conteúdo da política, os atores com seus valores, ideias e interesses, os recursos que mobilizam e as regras institucionais que os envolvem e como esses elementos influenciam nas relações estabelecidas entre os atores. Para tanto, utilizou-se de pesquisa documental e entrevista semiestruturada para coleta de dados, cujos conteúdos foram analisados com o auxílio do software Atlas Ti. Observou-se que o processo de implementação da política de inclusão financeira é influenciado por esses elementos, que motivam e condicionam as relações. As conclusões do estudo apontam para o fato de que as cooperativas envolvidas no processo têm sucesso em influenciar de forma efetiva a implementação da política pública e que as relações mantidas entre elas e o Banco Central do Brasil ocorrem em forma de cooperação, que só acontece devido ao fato de existir um consenso entre eles sobre o problema público enfrentado, de terem valores e interesses comuns diante da política de inclusão financeira, de mobilizarem recursos de forma autônoma e, em determinadas situações, por meio de negociação, bem como por manter diálogos e debates constantes com relação às normas institucionais que os envolvem. As relações entre esses atores no processo de implementação da política de inclusão financeira passaram por um longo período de reflexões e debates, que se mantém de forma constante até os dias atuais, fortalecendo assim a cooperação existente entre eles.

The topics relating to Latin American social housing requirements, has historically been a priority for governments social policies in such countries. In Uruguay, one of the programs promoted by the public sector to satisfy the demand for social housing to lower-income households, has been a venture managed by solidarity cooperative organizations. These cooperative organizations voluntarily associate families with a common housing need, to provide housing solutions through such a social and cultural organization called Housing Cooperative, which is shared ownership and democratically managed. For cooperative launch, the role played by social organizations and the government are crucial, particularly in process efficiency through which, the goal of social housing solutions can be achieved for involved families. This is the study purpose of this thesis, that intends contribute to public management processes improvement to enable housing cooperatives construction. Specially, the research goal is focused on a new approach for the state management process in Cooperative Housing projects, figured out as a Product Process Development, generating value in public actors’ interactions, seeking quality improvements opportunities for such projects. To meet this purpose, process loss value related to wasted time, were identified by process modeling tools, including benchmarks and value stream maps. The impact of time and information issues in loss value was investigated from the cooperative projects end-users point of view. The research was a case study approach and it was divided in two descriptive stages called phases. Phase A was aimed to describe the processes and define criteria for case-study selection. In Phase B was conducted the case studies properly, seeking to distinguish using different data and evidence source, the perceived value within the analyzed process. The main findings relate to the lack of overall process understanding. This vision successfully allows identify perceived creation or loss value, and non-value generation potential in these processes, mainly in social processes. Flow value loses in processes value stream were detected in time and quality of information issues. Given the results, actions are proposed for future value flow map improvement, as well as proposals for short and medium term acting in the main identified variables. / La temática relacionada a la atención de la necesidad de vivienda de interés social en América Latina ha sido una prioridad histórica en las políticas sociales de los gobiernos de muchos de sus países. En el Uruguay, uno de los programas impulsados desde la órbita pública para satisfacer la demanda de viviendas para sectores de población de menores ingresos, ha sido el emprendimiento habitacional gestionado bajo un sistema solidario organizado en forma de cooperativa. Estas asocian voluntariamente a familias con necesidades comunes de acceso a la vivienda, a través de una organización social y cultural que se materializa en una empresa denominada Cooperativa de Vivienda, de propiedad conjunta y controlada democráticamente. Para su surgimiento y formación resulta fundamental el papel que desempeñan las organizaciones sociales y el gobierno, especialmente en la eficiencia de los procesos a través de los cuales esta gestión permite alcanzar la meta de la vivienda social para las familias involucradas, siendo este último el objeto de estudio de la presente tesis. Este trabajo se propuso contribuir a la mejora de los procesos de gestión pública que viabilizan la construcción de viviendas cooperativas. En particular, se estableció como objetivo general de la investigación abordar desde una nueva perspectiva el proceso de gestión estatal de los Emprendimientos Habitacionales Cooperativos, entendiéndolos como un Proceso de Desarrollo del Producto generador de valor, en la fase de interacción con los actores del ámbito público, buscando identificar oportunidades de mejora y formular propuestas que tiendan a incrementar la calidad de estos emprendimientos. Para cumplir este objetivo, se mapearon los procesos para identificar las pérdidas relacionadas al tiempo, aplicando herramientas de modelaje del proceso, incluyendo modelos de referencia y mapas de flujo de valor; se investigó el impacto del tiempo en la pérdida de valor y el impacto de la información en la generación de valor, desde el punto de vista de los usuarios finales de los proyectos cooperativos. La investigación tuvo como método el estudio de casos y su desarrollo se dividió en dos etapas de carácter descriptivo. La Etapa A tuvo como objetivo la caracterización inicial de los procesos describiéndolos de forma genérica y la definición de criterios de selección de los casos. En la Etapa B se realizó el estudio de casos buscando distinguir, utilizando diferentes fuentes de evidencia, el valor percibido dentro del proceso analizado. Las principales conclusiones se relacionan a la necesidad de comprender el proceso de forma global. Esta visión viabilizó la identificación de la generación de valor percibido o la pérdida del mismo, la no generación de valor potencialmente existente en estos procesos, fundamentalmente en los procesos sociales, y las pérdidas en el flujo de valor; y condujo a detectar dos variables importantes: los tiempos de proceso y la calidad de información de los mismos. Frente a los resultados obtenidos se plantearon acciones a implementar en un mapa de flujo de valor futuro del proceso actual, así como propuestas a corto y mediano plazo actuando en las principales variables identificadas.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-11-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:46:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 nicolini_faf_dr_fran.pdf: 2367841 bytes, checksum: dbe5ea3bad691c5645261934ef8f8f65 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Ce travail présente quelques constatations obtenues à partir d'une analyse des relations entre les travailleurs d'une coopérative de recycleurs. Ces travailleurs sont originaires de l'activité rurale, principalement le travail dans la coupe manuelle de la canne à sucre dans la région de Ribeirão Preto /SP. La recherche a cherché identifier les caractéristiques du processus de changement d'office, quand le coupeur de canne a commencé à travailler comme collecteur de recyclables et, de même, vérifier comment cela se passe à l'adaptation de cette personne au système de travaille auto-gestionnaire, typique des organisations coopératistes. Pour cela, nous avons utilisé de la recherche de caractère descriptif exploratoire, d'abordage quantitatif et qualitatif. La coopérative sélectionnée pour l'étude a été la Coopérative de Recycleurs de Sertãozinho, CORSERTA, car elle présente des caractéristiques qui rendent possible obtenir les informations nécessaires pour la procédure des objectifs de cette étude. Comme instrument de cette collecte de données nous avons appliqué un questionnaire semi-structuré. Six axes d'analyse ont été considérés pour la construction de la connaissance proposée: la question agraire; le secteur du sucre et de l’alcool et leurs tendances; les métiers de coupeur de canne à sucre et de collecteur de recyclables; le processus de recyclage, l'économie solidaire et le coopératisme; la trajectoire et les caractéristiques de CORSERTA et l'analyse des entrevues qui apportent informations sur l'adaptation des travailleurs agricoles à l'activité de collecteur de recyclables et au système coopératif. Comme résultat, l'étude révèle que l'activité de collecter de matériaux recyclables, principalement quand elle est organisée dans des coopératives de travail elle présente... (Résumé complet accès électronique ci - dessous) / Este trabalho apresenta algumas constatações obtidas a partir de uma análise das relações entre trabalhadores de uma cooperativa de recicladores. Esses trabalhadores são oriundos da atividade na área rural, principalmente o trabalho no corte manual da cana-de-açúcar na região de Ribeirão Preto/SP. A pesquisa buscou identificar as características do processo de mudança de ofício, quando o cortador de cana passou a trabalhar como catador de recicláveis e, inclusive, verificar como vem ocorrendo à adaptação deste indivíduo ao sistema de trabalho autogestionado, típico de organizações cooperativistas. Para tal, utilizamo-nos da pesquisa de caráter descritivo exploratório, de abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa. A cooperativa selecionada para o estudo foi a Cooperativa de Recicladores de Sertãozinho, a CORSERTA, por apresentar características que possibilitaram obter as informações necessárias para o atendimento dos objetivos deste estudo. Como instrumento de coleta de dados foi aplicado um questionário semi-estruturado. Seis eixos de análise foram considerados para a construção do conhecimento proposto: a questão agrária; o setor sucroalcooleiro e suas tendências; os ofícios de cortador de cana e de catador de recicláveis; o processo de reciclagem, a economia solidária e o cooperativismo; a trajetória e as características da CORSERTA e a análise das entrevistas que trazem informações sobre a adaptação dos trabalhadores rurais à atividade de catador e ao sistema cooperativo. Como resultado, o estudo revela que a atividade de catar materiais recicláveis, principalmente quando organizada em cooperativas de trabalho apresenta uma opção de trabalho e renda para os trabalhadores rurais que perderam seus postos de trabalho em virtude da mecanização do processo de corte nas lavouras de cana. O estudo mostra também que o trabalhador... / This paper presents some findings obtained from an analysis of relations among workers at a recycling cooperative. Those workers are from the rural activity area, particularly the work on the manual cutting of sugar cane in Ribeirão Preto/SP. The survey sought to identify the characteristics of the process of change of occupation, when the cane cutters began to work as collectors of recyclables and even see how this individual’s adaptation to the selfmanaged work system is occurring, as it is typical of cooperative organizations. To this end, we have used the descriptive-exploratory study, quantitative and qualitative approach. The cooperative was selected for the study of the Cooperative of Recyclers Sertãozinho, the CORSERTA, by presenting features that allowed to obtain the information necessary to meet the goals of this study. As a tool for data collection, a semi-structured survey was made. Six lines of analysis were considered for the proposed construction of knowledge: the agrarian issue, the alcohol sector and trends; cane cutter and collector of recyclables’ occupations, the recycling process, the solidarity economy and cooperativeness, and the trajectory the characteristics of CORSERTA and the analysis of the interviews that have information about the adaptation of rural workers to the activity of scavengers mainly when organized as a cooperative system. As a result, the study reveals that the activity of picking up recyclable materials, particularly when organized into cooperatives work, presents a choice of jobs and income for rural workers who lost their jobs because of mechanization of the cutting process in the cane fields. The study also shows that the worker on the craft of picking recyclables do not see this activity as a provisional form of subsistence and income, but as an activity in which they intend to stay, develop, be socially recognized and valued... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)