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Sociodemographic, psychological, and clinical characteristics associated with health service (non‑)use for mental disorders in adolescents and young adults from the general populationReich, H., Niermann, H. C. M., Voss, C., Venz, J., Pieper, L., Beesdo‑Baum, K. 16 October 2024 (has links)
Most adolescents and young adults who experience psychological distress do not seek professional help. This study aims to enhance the understanding of sociodemographic, psychological, and clinical characteristics associated with the underuse of health services by adolescents and young adults with mental disorders. Data from a cross-sectional, epidemiological study with a population-based sample (N = 1180 participants, 14–21 years old) were used. Participants completed a fully standardized, computer-assisted diagnostic interview (DIA-X-5/D-CIDI) administered by trained clinical interviewers to assess lifetime mental disorders according to DSM-5 as well as lifetime health service use for mental health problems, and completed self-report questionnaires to assess various psychological variables (e.g., stigma). Predictors of health service use were examined using univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses, data were weighted for age and sex to improve representativeness Of n = 597 participants with any lifetime mental disorder, 32.4% [95% CI 28.4; 36.7] had ever used any health services because of a mental health, psychosomatic, or substance use problem. Even less had received psychotherapeutic or pharmacological treatment (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: 12.1% [9.5; 15.2]; other psychotherapy: 10.7% [8.4; 13.7]; medication: 5.4% [3.7; 7.8]). High education was associated with less health service use (low/ middle/ other vs. high education: 53.8% vs. 26.9%; OR = 0.26, p < .001). In the multiple regression model, stigma toward mental disorders was the single psychological variable associated with a reduced likelihood of using health services (OR = 0.69 [0.52; 0.90], p < .01). These findings draw attention to the treatment gap for mental disorders during adolescence and highlight related factors to be addressed in public health contexts.
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The impact of the method of consent on response rates in the ISAAC time trends study.Ellwood, P, Asher, M I, Stewart, A W, Chiarella, Pacual, ISAAC Phase III Study Group 01 August 2010 (has links)
BACKGROUND: Centres in Phases I and III of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) programme used the method of consent (passive or active) required by local ethics committees. METHODS: Retrospectively, relationships between achieved response rates and method of consent for 13-14 and 6-7-year-olds (adolescents and children, respectively), were examined between phases and between English and non-English language centres. RESULTS: Information was obtained for 113 of 115 centres for adolescents and 72/72 centres for children. Both age groups: most centres using passive consent achieved high response rates (>80% adolescents and >70% children). English language centres using active consent showed a larger decrease in response rate. Adolescents: seven centres changed from passive consent in Phase I to active consent in Phase III (median decrease of 13%), with five centres showing lower response rates (as low as 34%). Children: no centre changed consent method between phases. Centres using active consent had lower median response rates (lowest response rate 45%). CONCLUSION: The requirement for active consent for population school-based questionnaire studies can impact negatively on response rates, particularly English language centres, thus adversely affecting the validity of the data. Ethics committees need to consider this issue carefully. / Revisión por pares
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The International Study of Wheezing in Infants: questionnaire validation.Mallol, Javier, García-Marcos, Luis, Aguirre, Viviana, Martinez-Torres, Antonela, Perez-Fernández, Virginia, Gallardo, Alejandro, Calvo, Mario, Rosario Filho, Nelson, Rocha, Wilson, Fischer, Gilberto, Baeza-Bacab, Manuel, Chiarella, Pascual, Pinto, Rosario, Barria, Claudio 01 January 2007 (has links)
El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado / Background: There are no internationally validated questionnaires to investigate the prevalence of infant wheezing. This study was undertaken to validate a questionnaire for the International Study on the Prevalence of Wheezing in Infants (Estudio Internacional de Sibilancias en Lactantes, EISL). Material and Methods: Construct and criterion validity were tested for the question 'Has your baby had wheezing or whistling in the chest during his/her first 12 months of life?'. Construct validity (i.e. the ability of parents and doctors to refer to the same symptoms with the same words) was tested in a sample of 50 wheezing and 50 non-wheezy infants 12-15 months of age in each of 10 centres from 6 different Spanish- or Portuguese-speaking countries. Criterion validity (i.e. the ability of parents to correctly detect the symptom in the general population) was evaluated in 2 samples (Santiago, Chile and Cartagena, Spain) of 50 wheezing and 50 non-wheezing infants (according to parents) of the same age, randomly selected from the general population, who were later blindly diagnosed by a paediatric pulmonologist. Results: Construct validity was very high (κ test: 0.98-1) in all centres. According to Youden's index, criterion validity was good both in Cartagena (75.5%) and in Santiago (67.0%). Adding questions about asthma medication did not improve diagnosis accuracy. Conclusions: The EISL questionnaire significantly distinguished wheezy infants from healthy ones. This questionnaire has a strong validity and can be employed in large international multicentre studies on wheezing during infancy. / Revisión por pares
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Maternal post-natal tobacco use and current parental tobacco use is associated with higher body mass index in children and adolescents: an international cross-sectional study.Braithwaite, Irene, Stewart, Alistair W, Hancox, Robert J, Beasley, Richard, Murphy, Rinki, Mitchell, Edwin A, Chiarella, Pascual, ISAAC Phase Three Study Group 24 December 2015 (has links)
Background: We investigated whether maternal smoking in the first year of life or any current parental smoking is associated with childhood or adolescent body mass index (BMI). Methods: Secondary analysis of data from a multi-centre, multi-country, cross-sectional study (ISAAC Phase Three). Parents/guardians of children aged 6-7 years completed questionnaires about their children's current height and weight, whether their mother smoked in the first year of the child's life and current smoking habits of both parents. Adolescents aged 13-14 years completed questionnaires about their height, weight and current parental smoking habits. A general linear mixed model was used to determine the association between BMI and parental smoking. Results: 77,192 children (18 countries) and 194 727 adolescents (35 countries) were included. The BMI of children exposed to maternal smoking during their first year of life was 0.11 kg/m 2 greater than those who were not (P = 0.0033). The BMI of children of currently smoking parents was greater than those with non-smoking parents (maternal smoking: +0.08 kg/m 2 (P = 0.0131), paternal smoking: +0.10 kg/m 2 (P < 0.0001)). The BMI of female adolescents exposed to maternal or paternal smoking was 0.23 kg/m 2 and 0.09 kg/m 2 greater respectively than those who were not exposed (P < 0.0001). The BMI of male adolescents was greater with maternal smoking exposure, but not paternal smoking (0.19 kg/m 2 , P < 0.0001 and 0.03 kg/m 2 , P = 0.14 respectively). Conclusion: Parental smoking is associated with higher BMI values in children and adolescents. Whether this is due to a direct effect of parental smoking or to confounding cannot be established from this observational study. / This work was supported by Cure Kids New Zealand through a grant to
Professor E Mitchell and Dr I Braithwaite. Cure Kids New Zealand had no role
or influence in design and conduct of the study; collection, management,
analysis, and interpretation of the data; and preparation, review, or approval
of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
ISAAC Phase Three: / Revisión por pares
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Mortalidade por câncer no distrito de São Paulo: 1962/1963 e 1974/1975 / Cancer mortality in the district of São Paulo: 1962/1963 and 1974/1975Pastorelo, Edmur Flavio 06 May 1981 (has links)
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo, estudar as variações da mortalidade por câncer, no Distrito de São Paulo, ocorridas no período de doze anos, compreendido entre 1962-1963 e 1974-1975. Foram utilizados dados de mortal idade originados da \" lnvestigação lnteramericana de Mortalidade\" , realizada em 1962-1963, e do \"Estudo dos Transtor Mentais como causa básica e associada na mortalidade de adultos de 15-74 anos no Distrito de São Paulo e Município de Botucatú e São Manuel em 1974-1975\". A escolha desses dados de mortalidade deu-se porque esses referidos estudos utilizaram uma mesma metodologia de pesquisa, baseada fundamentalmente na correçao da causa básica de óbito assinalada no atestado de óbito, através de entrevistas domiciliares e junto aos médicos, hospitais,etc. Desse modo, os 811 óbitos por tumores malígnos apresentados nesse trabalho, do período de 1962-1963, e os 452 do período de 1974-75, são mais fidedígnos que os oficiais. As variações da mortalidade foram descritas, tanto por corte transversal do tempo, quanto por coortes. Em relação ao sexo masculino, o risco morte por todas as localizações de câncer, aumentou de 1962-1963 à 1974-1975 em todos os grupos etários, exceto no de 15-24 anos.Para o sexo feminino, o risco de morte por todos os tumores malígnos, aumentou de 1962-1963 à 1974-1975 nos grupos etários de 15-24 anos de 35-44 anos e de 45-54 anos. As coortes mais jovens foram as que apresentaram maior incremento da mortal idade por câncer. / The objective of this dissertation was to study the variations of cancer mortality, in the District of São Paulo, during the período of twelve years, between 1962-1963 and 1974-1975- The baseline data used were those from the studies \"Investigação lnteramericana de Mortalidade\", done in 1962-1963, and \"Estudos dos Transtornos Mentais como Causa Básica e Associada na Mortalidade de Adultos de 15-74 anos no Distrito de São Paulo e Município de Botucatu e São Manuel em 1974-1975\'\'. These data were chosen because both studies used the same methods of research, based in the underlying cause of death registered in the death certiffcate and corrected by means of home interviews and interviews whith physicians, in hospitals and other sources of informations. So, the 811 deaths by malignant neoplasms for the period 1962-1963 and the 452 for the period 1974- 1975, studied in the present dissertation are figures more reliable than the official ones. The variations of mortality were described both under the views of a cross-section in the time and as the aspect of cohort. For males, the risk of death for all sites became greater from 1962-1963 to 1974-1975 in all age groups, except 15-24. For females, the risk became greater from 1962-1963 to 1974-1975 in the age groups: 15-24, 35-44 and 45-54. The youngest cohorts presented the greatest increment in cancer mortality.
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Desafios do cuidado integral em saúde: a dimensão espiritual do médico se relaciona com sua prática na abordagem espiritual do paciente? / Challenges of comprehensiveness health care: does the physician\'s spiritual dimension relate to the clinical practice in approaching patient\'s spirituality?Oliveira, Janaine Aline Camargo de 12 July 2018 (has links)
A literatura demonstra que a dimensão espiritual tem impacto na saúde biopsicossocial, sendo associada à preservação da saúde mental, qualidade de vida e redução da mortalidade global e cardiovascular. Contudo, são descritas várias barreiras para a abordagem clínica da espiritualidade do paciente, como a falta de tempo ou treinamento sobre o assunto, além dos valores pessoais e religiosos do profissional. A abordagem da espiritualidade na prática clínica de médicos de família e comunidade (MFC) ainda é um desafio e, com isso, a presente dissertação descreve aspectos da dimensão espiritual e religiosa de MFC brasileiros, com residência médica na área, além de apresentar aspectos sobre a inserção do tema da espiritualidade/religiosidade (E/R) na prática clínica desse grupo de profissionais. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal por meio de questionário online. Os dados foram analisados quantitativamente por meio de medidas de frequência numérica, percentual e de tendência central. A frequência e temática abordadas pelos MFC em relação à E/R foram aferidas por meio de constructo que agregou os questionários FICA, HOPE e SPIRITual History. Os escores de bem-estar espiritual e religiosidade dos médicos foram aferidos por meio de escalas bem avaliadas na literatura (respectivamente, FACIT-SpNI e DUREL-P). O inquérito online obteve taxa de resposta de 15,8%, sendo a amostra de maioria do sexo feminino (65,1%), com idade média de 35,8 anos e média de tempo de trabalho na área de 7,9 anos. A atuação profissional se dá em assistência clínica (87,7%) e ensino (67,1%). A maioria (78,4%) declara identificação com uma matriz religiosa, sendo 21,6% católicos, 13,7% espíritas e 11,3% evangélicos. Grande parte da amostra (21,6%) se identificou com mais de uma religião. Os MFC apresentam baixa religiosidade organizacional (49,3% raramente ou nunca frequentam instituições), porém, forte prática de religiosidade não organizacional (65,4% declaram práticas pessoais no mínimo semanais). O escore de religiosidade intrínseca médio foi de 10,6 (padrão: 3 a 15) e o de bem-estar espiritual foi de 35,7 (padrão: 0-48). Para a prática clínica, houve maior concordância com o conceito de espiritualidade de Puchalski, que apresenta amplitude moderada quando comparado aos conceitos de Anandarajah e Koenig. O grau de concordância apontou no sentido de diferenciação do conceito de espiritualidade em relação à definição de religiosidade. Embora a grande maioria acredite que a E/R influencie muito a saúde (88,4%) e que essa abordagem seja pertinente à prática clínica do MFC (81,2%), apenas 35,0% da amostra se sentia preparada para abordar o tema e a maioria o faz com frequência moderada (50,3%). As principais barreiras para essa abordagem seriam falta de tempo (53,4%), treinamento (39,7%) e valores pessoais, como medo de impor sua religião (27,7%) ou medo de ofender o paciente (23,6%). As áreas mais frequentemente discutidas pelos MFC com os pacientes tratam da rede de suporte social (discutido por 42,8% dos médicos) e resiliência (40,2%). Os temas menos discutidos seriam a relação médico-paciente (não discutido por 74,0%) e as implicações para o plano terapêutico (64,7%) / Researches show that the spiritual dimension influences the biopsychosocial health, being associated with the preservation of mental health, quality of life and reduction of global and cardiovascular mortality. However, there are several barriers for approaching patient\'s spirituality in clinical practice, such as the lack of time or training on this subject and personal values of the professionals, as religiosity. Approaching spirituality is still a challenge for Brazilian Family Physicians (BFP). Then, the present research describes aspects of the spiritual and religious dimensions of Brazilian Family Physicians who had completed medical residency programs in this area. It also shows aspects about the insertion of spirituality/religiosity (S/R) in the clinical practice of this group of professionals. For this reason, we carried out a cross-observational study by means an online questionnaire. We analyzed the data quantitatively by means of simple distribution and frequency measurements. The frequency and thematic discussed by BFP in relation to S/R were measured by an instrument developed using the questionnaires FICA, HOPE and SPIRITual History. We evaluated the doctors\' scores of spiritual- wellbeing and religiosity by means of well-evaluated scales (respectively, FACIT-SpNI and Durel-P). The online survey obtained response rate of 15.8%. The sample had most female (65.1%), average age of 35.8 years-old and average working time in the area of 7.9 years. Most of the professionals works in clinical assistance (87.7%) and teaching (67.1%). The majority (78.4%) declares identification with one religion, being 21.6% Catholics, 13.7% Spiritists and 11.3% Protestants. A large portion of the sample (21.6%) identified itself with more than one religion. The BFP showed low organizational religiosity (49.3% rarely or never attend to institutions), but high practice of non-organizational religiosity (65.4% declare personal practices at least weekly). The average of intrinsic religiosity score was 10.6 (standard: 3-15) and the spiritual-wellbeing average score was 35.7 (standard: 0-48). About the clinical practice, there was greater agreement with the concept of spirituality carried out by Puchalski, which presents moderate amplitude when compared to Anandarajah\'s or Koenig\'s concepts. The concordance degree showed same tendency to the sense of differentiation of the concepts of spirituality and religiosity. While 88.4% of BFP believe that the S/R influences a lot the health and 81.2% believe that this approach is pertinent to their clinical practice, only 35.0% of the sample felt prepared to address this topic and most do it sometimes (50.3%). The main barriers to this approach were lack of time (53.4%), training (39.7%) and personal values, such as fear of imposing their religion (27.7%) or fear of offending the patient (23.6%). The themes most often discussed by BFP with patients deal with the social support network (discussed by 42.8% of doctors) and resilience (40.2%). The less discussed subjects were the doctor-patient relationship (not discussed by 74.0%) and the implications for the therapeutic plan (64.7%)
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Prevalência de síndrome metabólica em pacientes com claudicação intermitente e sua correlação com o nível de obstrução arterial / Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with intermittent claudication and its correlation with the segment of arterial obstructionZerati, Antonio Eduardo 02 February 2011 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: O termo Síndrome Metabólica denomina um conjunto de fatores de risco cardiovascular associado à resistência à insulina e a um aumento da morbidade e da mortalidade. A síndrome metabólica está relacionada a diversas doenças, especialmente aquelas ligadas à aterosclerose, como a doença arterial periférica. A claudicação intermitente é sintoma característico de um estágio inicial da doença arterial periférica, no qual o conhecimento dos seus fatores predisponentes, entre os quais a síndrome metabólica, torna-se importante para a instituição do tratamento médico adequado, a fim de prevenir ou retardar a progressão da aterosclerose. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo transversal foi determinar a prevalência da síndrome metabólica em pacientes com claudicação intermitente e sua correlação com a idade, gênero, localização da obstrução arterial e associação com doença arterial coronária sintomática. MÉTODO: Foram estudados 170 pacientes com doença arterial obstrutiva dos membros inferiores de etiologia aterosclerótica cuja única manifestação clínica era dor tipo claudicação intermitente. A idade média foi de 65 anos (33-89 anos). Havia 117 homens (68.8%) com idade média de 65.6 anos (33-84 anos) e 53 mulheres (31.1%) com idade média de 63.7 anos (35-89 anos). RESULTADOS: A síndrome metabólica foi diagnosticada em 98 pacientes (57.6%), 62 homens (63.3%) e 36 mulheres (36.7%). A idade média dos pacientes com síndrome metabólica foi de 63.5 anos, contra 67.0 anos dos pacientes sem síndrome metabólica (P = .027). Considerando os doentes com 65 anos, a síndrome metabólica esteve presente em 46 (48.9%) indivíduos e em 52 (68.4%) pacientes abaixo de 65 anos (P = .011). CONCLUSÕES: A Síndrome Metabólica é uma comorbidade frequente em indivíduos com claudicação intermitente, com prevalência significativamente mais elevada em indivíduos com idade inferior a 65 anos. Não houve associação entre a Síndrome Metabólica e o sexo dos pacientes com claudicação intermitente. Não houve também relação entre a Síndrome metabólica e doença coronariana sintomática na população estudada. A Síndrome Metabólica não afetou nenhum segmento anatômico arterial preferencialmente nos claudicantes / INTRODUCTION: The metabolic syndrome consists in a group of cardiovascular risk factors referring to insulin resistance, associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Metabolic syndrome is correlated to several illnesses, especially those associated with atherosclerosis, like peripheral arterial disease. Intermittent claudication is a symptom of an early stage of peripheral arterial disease, and the precocious diagnosis of metabolic syndrome is important for adequate medical treatment, in order to prevent or delay the progression of atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this cross-sectional study is to determine the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with intermittent claudication and its correlation with age, gender, localization of arterial obstruction and association with symptomatic coronary artery disease. METHODS AND RESULTS: There were studied 170 consecutive patients with intermittent claudication, determined by physical examination, which revealed absence or weakness of pulses on the limb or limbs that were limiting deambulation, and an ankle-brachial index 0.9. The mean age was 65 years (33-89 years). There were 117 men (68.8%) with mean age of 65.6 years (33 84 years) and 53 women (31.1%) with mean age of 63.7 years (35 89 years). Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 98 patients (57.6%), 62 men (63.3%) and 36 women (36.7%). The mean age of patients with metabolic syndrome was 63.5 years, against 67.0 years of patients without metabolic syndrome (P= .027). Considering patients with 65 years old, the metabolic syndrome was present in 46 (48.9%) individuals and in 52 (68.4%) patients below 65 years old (P= .011). CONCLUSIONS: The metabolic syndrome is frequent among patients with intermittent claudication, with a significant higher prevalence in claudicants < 65 years of age. The metabolic syndrome was not correlated with sex and symptomatic coronary artery disease. The metabolic syndrome did not affect any specific arterial segment in claudicant patients
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Exposição à violência comunitária durante o trabalho e seus efeitos na prática profissional na estratégia saúde da família: um estudo de corte-transversal no município de São Paulo / Exposure to community violence during work and its effects on professional practice in the Primary Health Care: a cross-sectional study in the city of São Paulo, BrazilLima, Thais Fonseca 14 June 2017 (has links)
Ainda são incipientes os estudos que abordam os obstáculos enfrentados pelos profissionais da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) para executar suas atribuições no cotidiano do trabalho, porém, a violência comunitária já tem sido apontada como um desafio por alguns estudos, principalmente nos grandes centros urbanos. Este estudo tem como objetivo estimar a prevalência da exposição à violência no local de trabalho e investigar a sua associação com as alterações na prática profissional (deixar de realizar visitas, circular pelo território, notificar casos de violência, seguir pacientes agendados e abordar temas em saúde), em uma amostra representativa dos trabalhadores das equipes da ESF do município de São Paulo. Foi realizado um estudo transversal, que utilizou os dados do estudo PANDORA-SP (Panorama of Primary Health Care Workers in São Paulo, Brazil: Depression, Organizational Justice, Violence at Work, and Burnout Assessments), que avaliou 2.940 trabalhadores da ESF. A exposição à violência nos últimos doze meses (vitimização direta, indireta ou ambas) e as alterações na prática profissional foram avaliadas por meio de dois questionários estruturados. Após análise descritiva e bivariada, analisamos a associação entre exposição à violência e alteração na prática profissional por meio de modelos de Regressão de Poisson brutos e ajustados com cálculo da Razão de Prevalência e Intervalos de 95% de confiança. A prevalência de exposição à violência no trabalho foi de 57,8%(n=1.699), sendo que 17,11%(n=503) dos trabalhadores relataram ter sido vítimas direta e indireta de violência nos últimos doze meses. Referiram alteração na prática profissional 34,9% dos trabalhadores entrevistados. Ser exposto à violência no local de trabalho mostrou-se associado à alteração na prática profissional, sendo que a magnitude da associação aumentou com o acúmulo de exposição. Profissionais expostos à violência direta e indireta deixaram de notificar casos de violência (RPaj= 3,00; IC95%:2,22-4,04), de realizar visita domiciliar (RPaj=2,98;IC95%: 2,40-3,69), de circular pelo território (RPaj=4,23;IC95%: 3,15- 5,67), de abordar temas em saúde (RPaj=2,66;IC95%: 1,99-3,55) e de seguir a sequência de pacientes agendados (RPaj=4,73;IC95%: 2,78-8,05) mais frequentemente do que os não expostos. Para \"qualquer alteração na prática\", a RP ajustada foi de 2,56 (IC95%: 2,20-2,98) quando expostos a ambos os tipos de vitimização. As elevadas razões de prevalência encontradas em cada um dos desfechos revelam o impacto da exposição à violência no processo de trabalho dos profissionais da APS. As alterações na prática profissional diminuem a qualidade da assistência prestada à comunidade e, por fim, podem ser um obstáculo para a consolidação dos princípios do SUS / Although the studies regarding the challenges faced by Primary health care professionals are still inceptives, some of them already point out community violence as an issue, mainly at the large urban centers. This study main goal is to estimate the workplace violence exposure and the impacts over professional practices (stop making home visits, stop walking on neighbourhood, stop notifying violence situations, stop following scheduled patients sequence and stop discussing health topics) with a relevant FHS\'s teams data sample from São Paulo city at Brazil. A cross-sectional study was made with data from the PANDORA-SP study (Panorama of Primary Health Care Workers in São Paulo, Brazil: Depression, Organizational Justice, Violence at Work, and Burnout Assessments), which has evaluated 2,940 primary care workers from the FHS. Violence exposure in the previous 12 months and the impact on professional practice has been assessed with 2 structured surveys. After descritive and bivariate analysis the association between exposure to violence and professional practice was assessed using crude and adjusted Poisson Regression Models. Prevalence Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals were calculated. The prevalence of exposure to violence at work was 57.8% (n=1,699), and 17.11% (n=503) reported suffered both direct and indirect violence at last 12 months. 34.9% workers reported impacts over professional practices. An association was found between exposure to violence and impacts over professional practices, with higher association magnitudes directly related to higher exposures. Professionals exposed to direct and indirect violence failed to report cases of violence (RPaj = 3.00, 95% CI: 2.22-4.04), to carry out home visits (RPaj = 2.98, 95% CI: 2.40- (RPaj = 4.23, 95% CI: 3.15-5.67), to address health issues (RPaj = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.99-3.55) and to follow the sequence of scheduled patients (RPaj = 4.73, 95% CI: 2.78-8.05) more frequently than the nonexposed. For \"any change in practice\" the adjusted PR was 2.56 (95% CI: 2.20-2.98) when exposed to both types of victimization. The Primary Health Care professionals had their work\'s processes impacted due to violence exposure, which can be noted on the high prevalence ratio found on each outcome. Those impacts degrades the community care service quality and therefore can represent an obstacle to SUS\' principles consolidation
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Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de adolescentes portadores de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 assistidos na região metropolitana de Cuiabá-MT / Health-related quality of life of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus assisted in the metropolitan region of Cuiabá-MTCosta, Luce Marina Freires Correa da 04 September 2014 (has links)
Introdução: O Diabetes Mellitus (DM) é uma doença crônica com alta prevalência, constituindo um importante problema de saúde pública mundial. O Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 (DM1), em geral, manifesta-se na infância e na adolescência. O DM1 e suas complicações podem afetar as condições de vida dos adolescentes e influenciar sua qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Avaliar a Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde (QVRS) em adolescentes portadores de DM1 assistidos na região metropolitana de Cuiabá-MT. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal que incluiu adolescentes com idade entre 10 e 19 anos, com pelo menos 1 ano de diagnóstico. Os dados foram colhidos por meio da aplicação do Instrumento para Qualidade de Vida de Jovens com Diabetes (IQVJD) e do formulário de dados sociodemográficos, econômicos e clínicos. Os adolescentes também responderam a uma questão específica comparando seu estado de saúde a adolescentes não diabéticos de mesma idade. Resultados: Foram estudados 96 adolescentes, em sua maioria do sexo feminino, de cores branca e parda e com indícios de DM não controlada (81% com hemoglobina glicada - HbA1c - acima de 7%), não obstante este resultado, de modo geral, fizeram uma avaliação compatível com boa qualidade de vida (QV). As medianas e os valores mínimos e máximos dos escores do IQVJD total e seus domínios foram: 35 (17-62) para o domínio \"satisfação\"; 51 (26-73) para o domínio \"impacto\"; 26 (11-44) para o domínio \"preocupações\" e 112 (59-165) para o valor do IQVJD total; 74% avaliaram seu estado de saúde como bom ou excelente. As análises bivariadas mostraram associação significante entre ter menor renda familiar, ser assistido por um plano de saúde público e o tipo de insulina com o domínio satisfação; ter menor renda familiar, ser assistido por um plano de saúde público , estudar em escola pública, ser filho de pais com menor escolaridade com os domínios preocupações e IQVJD total. Os adolescentes mais magros também avaliaram melhor sua QV no domínio \"preocupações\". O tempo de diagnóstico >= 3 anos e a HbA1c acima de 7% se associaram, também, à piora no IQVJD total. Após ajustes pela análise multivariada, mantiveram-se associados à pior qualidade de vida: ser assistido por um serviço público de saúde, ter o diagnóstico do DM >= 3 anos e não fazer atividade física no domínio satisfação; ser do sexo feminino, no domínio preocupações; ser assistido por um plano de saúde público, no IQVJD total. Trabalhar além de estudar e não fazer atividade física foram associados à pior avaliação do estado de saúde. Conclusões: A qualidade de vida dos adolescentes foi avaliada como boa de modo geral, entretanto, foram evidentes as especificidades que a reduziram. Ser assistido por um serviço público de saúde, ter o diagnóstico de DM1 feito há três ou mais anos, não praticar atividade física, trabalhar além de estudar e ser do sexo feminino foram os principais fatores de risco associados à piora da QV e do estado de saúde dos adolescentes estudados / Introduction : Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with high prevalence, constituting an important public health problem worldwide. Diabetes mellitus type 1 ( DM1) , usually manifests in childhood and adolescence. DM1 and its complications can affect the lives of adolescents and influence their quality of life (QoL). Objective: Evaluate the health-related quality of life of adolescents with DM1 who are assisted in the metropolitan region of Cuiaba-Brazil . Methods: A crosssectional study included adolescents aged between 10 and 19 years, with at least 1 year of performed diagnosis. Data were collected through the application of the Instrument for Quality of Life of Young People with Diabetes (DQOLY) and the form of sociodemographic, economic and clinical data.The teenagers also answered a specific question comparing their health status to non diabetic adolescents of the same age. Results: 96 subjects were studied , mostly female and white and brown colors with uncontrolled DM ( 81 % with glycated hemoglobin - HbA1c - up 7 % ), despite this result, in general, they did a analysis compatible with good QoL . The median, minimum and maximum values of total DQOLY scores and its domains were: 35 ( 17-62 ) for the domain \" satisfaction \" ; 51 ( 26-73 ) for the domain \" impact \" ; 26 ( 11-44 ) for the domain \" concerns \" and 112 ( 59-165 ) to the value of total DQOLY ; 74 % reported their health status as good or excellent. The bivariate analysis showed significant association between having lower family income, being assisted by a public health plan and the type of insulin with \"satisfaction\" domain; have lower family income , being assisted by a public health service, study in public school , to be children of lower parental education in the field \"concerns\" and in total DQOLY . The leaner adolescents also rated their QoL better in the domain \"concerns \" . The time of diagnosis greater than or equal to three years and HbA1c above 7 %, also were associated with worsening in total DQOLY. After adjustment by multivariate analysis, remained associated with worse quality of life: be assisted by a public health service, have the diagnosis of DM greater than or equal to three years and not doing physical activity in the field satisfaction; being female in the field concerns; be assisted by a public health plan in total DQOLY. Work besides studying and not doing physical activity were associated with worse health status assessment. Conclusions: The quality of life of adolescents was assessed as good in general, however, the specificities were evident that reduced. Being assisted by a public health service, have a diagnosis of DM1 done for three or more years, not doing physical activities, work besides studying and being female were the main risk factors associated with lower QoL and health status of adolescents studied
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Cobertura do exame de Papanicolaou no município de Manaus, Amazonas: um estudo de base populacional / Papanicolaou test coverage in Manaus, Amazonas: a population- based studyCorrea, Dina Albuquerque Duarte 07 March 2014 (has links)
O controle do câncer do colo do útero (CCU) representa um desafio para as políticas de saúde nos países em desenvolvimento. No Brasil, a prevenção deste câncer é baseada principalmente no rastreamento através do exame de Papanicolaou, que se tem mostrado útil em reduzir a incidência e mortalidade por esta neoplasia quando realizado periodicamente. O Amazonas, no norte do país, está entre os estados com maiores taxas de incidência e mortalidade pelo CCU. Com isso, realizou-se o presente estudo com objetivo de estimar a prevalência da realização do exame de Papanicolaou entre mulheres do município de Manaus- Amazonas e, secundariamente, descrever o perfil dessas mulheres, identificar a periodicidade da prática do exame e verificar os fatores associados à realização do mesmo. Trata-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional, com amostra aleatória por conglomerados. Foram incluídas na pesquisa 1100 mulheres entre 25 a 59 anos de idade residentes na zona urbana de Manaus, entrevistadas no domicílio no período de outubro a dezembro de 2011. Observou-se que 92,5% das mulheres relataram ter realizado pelo menos um exame de Papanicolaou alguma vez na vida e 76,5% (IC95%=74,04-79,05) das entrevistadas o realizaram nos últimos três anos, enquanto periodicidade anual foi referida por 66,6% das mulheres (IC95%=63,8- 69,3). A maioria das entrevistadas (56,8%) tinha entre 25 a 34 anos, relação estável (52,45), ensino médio completo (50,5%), renda familiar de até dois salários mínimos (66,1%) e não possuía linha telefônica residencial (64,2%). As variáveis associadas significativamente a realização do exame no período adequado foram: trabalhar em empresa pública; possuir nível superior completo; ter renda acima de dez salários mínimos; presença de telefone fixo na residência; não ser fumante; ter apenas um parceiro nos últimos 12 meses; ter tido uma ou duas gestações; usar métodos contraceptivos não cirúrgicos; conhecer a finalidade do exame; ter recebido informação sobre o exame na instituição de saúde; realizar consulta ginecológica mais de uma vez ao ano; realizar o exame periodicamente/ainda que esteja sadia; ter realizado o exame no serviço privado de saúde; ter realizado o primeiro exame devido solicitação médica; não referir dificuldade para realização do exame. Desta forma, constatou-se que cobertura do exame de Papanicolaou no município de Manaus encontra-se inferior ao nível mínimo necessário para haver impacto nos indicadores de morbimortalidade. O diagnóstico precoce precisa ser melhorado, devendo haver um planejamento de modo proativo, com distribuição heterogênea das ações de controle do câncer. Nesta perspectiva, é necessário assegurar o acesso equitativo, e produzir ações de informação e educação em saúde contínuas, sensibilizando as mulheres sobre a prevenção do câncer do colo do útero e seus fatores de risco / Uterine cervix cancer (UCC) control remains a challenge for health policies in developing countries. In Brazil, UCC prevention is mainly based on Pap smear screening, which has proven useful in reducing the incidence and mortality from this cancer when performed periodically. Amazonas, in the north of Brazil, is among the states with the highest rates of incidence and mortality from cervical cancer. Considering this background, it was proposed the present study that aimed to estimate the prevalence of Pap smear coverage among women in the city of Manaus, Amazonas, and secondarily, we intended to describe the profile of these women and to identify the frequency and factors associated with Pap smear realization. It is a cross-sectional population-based study, with individuals randomly selected through a household-sample frame. It were included in the study 1100 women aged 25-59 years who lived in the urban area of Manaus, through October to December 2011. It was observed that 92.5% of women reported having had at least one Pap test during lifetime and 76.5% (95% CI, 74.04 - 79.05) had had the exam in the past three years , while 66.6% of women (95% CI, 63.8 - 69.3) reported an annual basis. The majority of women (56.8 %) was 25 to 34 years, had stable relationship (52.45), had completed high school (50.5 %), had family income of up to two minimum wages (66.1 %) and had not a landline (64.2 %). The factors associated to the use of Pap smear in the past three years were working in a public company, having a college degree, having earned over ten minimum wages, the presence landline at home, not being a smoker, having only one partner in the last 12 months, having had one or two pregnancies, using non-surgical methods of contraception, knowing the purpose of Pap test, having received information about exam at the health institution, having gynecological examination more than once a year, having the Pap smear periodically even feeling healthy, having had the test at private practice, having had the first test due to medical recommendation, having not had difficult to perform the test. Thus, it was verified that coverage of Pap smear in Manaus is below the minimum level required to have impact on UCC morbidity and mortality indicators. Early diagnosis needs to be improved, and there should be a proactively strategies with heterogeneous distribution of UCC control actions. In this perspective, it is necessary to ensure equitable access, and to produce continuous information and health education actions, sensitizing women about UCC prevention and its risk factors
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