The study examines the formation and development of Chinese American populations in Augusta, Savannah, and Atlanta, Georgia from the beginnings of Chinese Exclusion period through the passage of the Immigration Act of 1965. Although people of Chinese ancestry were in an ambiguous position upon their arrival in the 1880s within the black-white dyad that defined southern race relations, they were able to negotiate this system, transforming themselves from being perceived as “outsiders” before the 1940s to being treated as “honorary whites” by the late 1960s. To explore this transition, this project analyzes generational differences between immigrants and their children. Before the 1920s, the mostly Chinese immigrant male population concerned themselves with establishing viable businesses for sending remittances back to family in China and creating social institutions that helped the men cope with decades of separation from their families. The men avoided possible conflict with Jim Crow by having their businesses and residences in black or immigrant areas. Some men cultivated better relations with whites by attending Sunday schools that catered to Chinese immigrants. The mutation from “outsider” to “honorary white” status began when prosperous Chinese men started sending for wives to join them in the 1910s, thus ushering in a new pattern of planned long-term settlement in the state. Families successfully challenged the older perception by joining white churches, enrolling their children in white schools, and building social ties with white community leaders. Second generation Chinese Americans reaped the benefits of this strategy in the 1950s and 1960s by gaining access to housing in white neighborhoods, employment opportunities in white-collar occupations, and acceptance as partners in marriages with European Americans.

Orientador: Luís Roberto Marcondes Martins / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T16:51:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_GiseleRodriguesda_D.pdf: 2969310 bytes, checksum: 065fbdffc0e741bd55d3cb562acde2e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a influência do retentor intrarradicular, altura do remanescente coronário e tipo de carregamento virtualmente simulado, no comportamento biomecânico de prótese fixa anterior de 3 elementos. Quatro modelos tridimensionais de elementos finitos foram criados comparando-se o tipo de retentor nos dentes pilares (fibra de vidro ou núcleo metálico fundido) e a altura do remanescente coronário (0 e 2 mm). Para simular o tipo de carregamento foram considerados dois níveis de aplicação da força: 1- simulação de contato protrusivo (PRT): 200 N distribuídos nas cristas marginais palatinas dos incisivos superiores, sendo 50 N em cada crista marginal, a 45o do longo eixo do dente e 2- simulação de contato em lateralidade canina (LAT): 200 N aplicados na palatina do canino a 15º. Todos os materiais foram considerados homogêneos, lineares, elásticos e isotrópicos com exceção do pino de fibra de vidro, que foi considerado transversalmente isotrópico. O problema estrutural foi solucionado computacionalmente pelo Método de Elementos Finitos (MEF), em análise estrutural estática. A coerência da simulação foi observada pela análise do deslocamento e pelas tensões de von Mises. O deslocamento foi analisado de forma qualitativa e quantitativa comparando-se a região de deslocamento máximo sofrido pela prótese. Em seguida, foram comparadas as tensões máximas principais ocorridas na região de conexão entre pôntico e dentes pilares, na raiz do incisivo central, do canino e nas interfaces pino-dentina radicular e núcleo de preenchimento-dentina. Concluiu-se que as tensões de tração são concentradas entre pôntico/ pilar e na palatina dos dentes pilares da prótese fixa anterior. Sendo que a protrusão gera maior concentração de tensão máxima principal de tração nos dentes pilares e gera deslocamento duas vezes maior do que a lateralidade. Ademais, a presença de remanescente coronário melhora a distribuição das tensões e o pino de fibra de vidro mostrou-se adequado em prótese fixa anterior de 3 elementos / Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of post, load condition and ferule presence in abutment teeth on the stress distribution in the anterior three-unit fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) made of lithium dissilicate. Four three-dimensional finite element (FE) models were created comparing the type of post using on the abutment teeth in two levels (fiberglass post and cast post-and-core) and the coronal remaining in two levels (with or without ferule presence). Two load conditions were applied: 1- 200 N was distributed on palatine marginal ridge of incisive, with 50 N in each ridge, under a 45o angle with the long axis of the tooth, simulating the protrusive contact or 2- 200N was applied on palatine of canine at 15o. All materials were considered homogeneous, linear elastic, and isotropic, with the exception of the glass fiber post, which was considered transversally isotropic. Analysis by Finite Elements Method (FEM), was performed structural analysis. The displacement and Von Mises stress was applied to analyze the coherence o simulation. The displacement was analyzed by quality and quantity resuts in region of maximum prostheses displacement. Maximum principal stress was used as a criterion to compare the study factors. The stress distribution was compared in a descriptive way in the area of the connector, along the interface post/dentin and core/dentin and on abutment dentin teeth. In conclusion, the highest tensile stress was observed in the connector areas and on palatine abutments roots surfaces. The protrusion causes higher stress and displacement than canine guide. The ferrule presence in the abutment teeth reduced the maximum principal tensile stresses on tooth-restoration complex and the fiberglass post seems to improve the stress distribution on anterior 3-unit fixed-dental prostheses / Doutorado / Dentística / Doutora em Clínica Odontológica

Social intelligence is thought to have evolved as an adaptation to the complex situations group-living animals encounter in their daily lives. High levels of sociality provide individuals with opportunities to learn from one another. Social learning provides individuals with a relatively cheap and quick alternative to individual learning. This thesis investigated social learning in three corvid species: gregarious rooks (Corvus frugilegus) and jackdaws (Corvus monedula) and nongregarious, territorial Eurasian jays (Garrulus glandarius). In addition to that, the species' social structure was analysed and individual differences between members of each species were determined. Introducing the field of social learning research, I presented a new framework for investigating social learning, combining ecology, ethology and evolution. Experiments were conducted within that framework. I found that rooks and jackdaws develop social bonds and dominance hierarchies, whereas Eurasian jays do not. This is most likely related to their territoriality. In two experiments using two-action tasks, jackdaws learned socially. The underlying social learning mechanism was enhancement, which fits in with their feeding ecology. Rooks did not show social learning when presented with videos of conspecifics opening an apparatus. This might have been due to the difficulty of transferring information from videos or due to an ingrained 'affinity' to innovation and/or rapid trial-and-error learning overriding social learning processes. Individual differences along the bold/shy axis existed in all three species, but they were not stable across contexts. Thus, it seemed that the individuals perceived the two seemingly similar contexts that were designed to investigate neophobia and exploration (novel object in familiar environment; novel environment) as two different situations. The information may therefore have been processed by two distinct underlying mechanisms, which elicited different responses in each of the contexts. The implications of the findings of this thesis are discussed with regard to the new framework, integrating sociality, social learning and individual differences with the species' ecology.

No description available.

This dissertation is an institutional history of the Mississippi State Hospital. Specifically, it is a study of the use of the hospital as an institutional instrument to establish, maintain, reinforce state-sponsored racial segregation and white supremacy during the period of Jim Crow in Mississippi. Mississippi's institution for its mentally ill residents became an instrument to reinforce the state's racially, socially, and economically rigid society.

No description available.

Mit dem Begriff Wellenleiterquantenelektrodynamik (WQED) wird gemeinhin die Physik des quantisierten und in eindimensionalen Wellenleitern geführten Lichtes in Wechselwirkung mit einzelnen Emittern bezeichnet. In dieser Arbeit untersuche ich Effekte der WQED für einzelne Dreiniveausysteme (3NS) bzw. Paare von Zweiniveausystemen (2NS), die in den Wellenleiter eingebettet sind. Hierzu bediene ich mich hauptsächlich numerischer Methoden und betrachte die Modellsysteme im Rahmen der Drehwellennäherung. Ich untersuche die Dynamik der Streuung einzelner Photonen an einzelnen, in den Wellenleiter eingebetteten 3NS. Dabei analysiere ich den Einfluss dunkler bzw. nahezu dunkler Zustände der 3NS auf die Streuung und zeige, wie sich mit Hilfe stationärer elektrischer Treibfelder gezielt auf die Streuung einwirken lässt. Ich quantifiziere Verschränkung zwischen dem Lichtfeld im Wellenleiter und den Emittern mit Hilfe der Schmidt-Zerlegung und untersuche den Einfluss der Form der Einhüllenden eines Einzelphotonpulses auf die Ausbeute der Verschränkungserzeugung bei der Streuung des Photons an einem einzelnen Lambda-System im Wellenleiter. Hier zeigt sich, dass die Breite der Einhüllenden im k-Raum und die Emissionszeiten der beiden Übergänge des 3NS die maßgeblichen Parameter darstellen. Abschließend ergründe ich die Emissionsdynamik zweier im Abstand L in den Wellenleiter eingebetteter 2NS. Diese Dynamik wird insbesondere durch kavitätsartige und polaritonische Zustände des Systems aus Wellenleiter und Emitter ausschlaggebend beeinflusst. Bei der kollektiven Emission der 2NS treten - abhängig vom Abstand L - Sub- bzw. Superradianz auf. Dabei nimmt die Intensität dieser Effekte mit längerem Abstand L zu. Diese Eigenart lässt sich auf die Eindimensionalität des Wellenleiters zurückführen. / The field of waveguide quantum electrodynamics (WQED) deals with the physics of quantised light in one-dimensional (1D) waveguides coupled to single emitters. In this thesis, I investigate WQED effects for single three-level systems (3LS) and pairs of two-level systems (2LS), respectively, which are embedded in the waveguide. To this end, I utilise numerical techniques and consider all model systems within the rotating wave approximation. I investigate the dynamics of single-photon scattering by single, embedded 3LS. In doing so, I analyse the influence of dark and almost-dark states of the 3LS on the scattering dynamics. I also show, how stationary electrical driving fields can control the outcome of the scattering. I quantify entanglement between the waveguide''s light field and single emitters by utilising the Schmidt decomposition. I apply this formalism to a lambda-system embedded in a 1D waveguide and study the generation of entanglement by scattering single-photon pulses with different envelopes on the emitter. I show that this entanglement generation is mainly determined by the photon''s width in k-space and the 3LS''s emission times. Finally, I explore the emission dynamics of a pair of 2LS embedded by a distance L into the waveguide. These dynamics are primarily governed by bound states in the continuum and by polaritonic atom-photon bound-states. For collective emission processes of the two 2LS, sub- and superradiance appear and depend strongly on the 2LS''s distance: the effects increase for larger L. This is an exclusive property of the 1D nature of the waveguide.

The dissertation examines African American Freemasons throughout the South during the Jim Crow era. The secret nature of Prince Hall Affiliated Freemasonry (PHA) has hidden the contribution and activism of the organization and its members. I argue the organization is part of a web of networks that fought for civil and human rights for African Americans. Through PHA, members are cultivated into leaders, activists, businessmen; over the years, the members have created an initiatic identity that connected them to the African American community and humanity. The significance of my study is that I analyze PHA through a womanist lens and argue the organization has a diarchal gender relationship that allows women and men to take on leadership and activist roles that differed from the normative gender relationship of their time.

"This thesis proposes to investigate the theory posed by Comer Vann Howard in 'The Strange Career of Jim Crow.' Woodward claims that complete physical segregation of Negroes was not legally established in the Southern states until the turn of the century. He further contends the period from Reconstruction until the 1890s was an era when Negroes participated in many activities with whites. This work investigates Woodward's theory in its applicability to Texas between 1874 and 1898. The study begins with redemption, which came to Texas in 1874 with the election of the first Democratic governor since the Civil War. The concluding year of 1896 was chosen because the last Negro to serve in the Texas Legislature ended his term that year."-- leaf [i].

This thesis works to establish a literary theory and cultural studies as a theoretical lens with which we can view harmful emerging pop culture phenomena like the so-called alt right. The premise is supposed in three parts, with the first being a simple introduction to the Pepe character and how he is grounded in literary studies through a comparison of Sherlock Holmes and his early fandom. The second part is a survey of the legacy of Jim Crow and I present the evidence that Pepe is very much Crow’s spiritual successor in their shared preoccupation with white anxiety. The third is a discussion of language in which I bridge the use of memes as language with how that language effectively communicates. Ultimately, Pepe the Frog is able to tap into the pop culture collective through a democratizing of language facilitated by digital spaces on the internet, and his proliferation is made readily viral by the racist language he speaks through ala Jim Crow era anxieties.