Kulturen i en organisation påverkar hur medarbetarna tänker och agerar och är därför viktig att studera. Varje organisation består av gemensamma normer, värderingar och verklighetsuppfattningar som utvecklas när medlemmar samverkar med varandra. Syftet med studien är att jämföra två kulturanalyser som gjorts tidigare på två skolor i Sverige och jämföra dem för att hitta likheter och olikheter, samt förbättringsmöjligheter. Studien syftar till att besvara frågorna: Vad kännetecknar organisationens kultur? Hur påverkas organisationskulturen av mångfald? Hur påverkas organisationskulturen av ledarskapet? Som metod för studien användes Bergs brevmetod, där medarbetare i de studerade organisationerna fick skriva brev i vilka de beskrev hur de upplevde sin arbetssituation sedan jämfördes deras resultat. / The culture of an organization affects how employees think and act and are therefore it is important to study. Each organization consists of common norms, values and perceptions of reality that develop when members interact with each other. The purpose of this study is to compare two cultural analyzes that were previously done at two schools in Sweden and compare them to find similarities and differences, as well as possibilities for improvement. The aim of this study is to answer the following questions: What characterizes the organization’s culture? How is the organizational culture affected by diversity? How is the organizational culture affected by leadership? As a method for the study, Berg's letter method was used, where employees in the studied organizations write letters in which they describe how they perceive their work situation then their results were compared.

The wind bands in Japan are considered by many scholars and wind band conductors to be among some of the finest ensembles in today's wind ensemble medium. The literature and repertoire of Japanese ensembles have evolved from orchestral transcriptions, patriotic music, and military marches to original compositions by European, American, and Japanese composers. British conductor Timothy Reynish states that Japanese wind band music has looked traditionally towards the United States and occasionally United Kingdom for inspiration and repertoire. This phenomenon can be attributed to the many collegiate American and the few English wind band conductors who traveled to Japan as guest conductors, and in some cases, became residents of Japan. The focus of this study is to closely examine this significant impact of American collegiate wind band conductors, their influence on Japanese programming and how that programming has affected the collegiate repertoire. This study includes surveys of repertoire, concert programs, discographies of recordings, and interviews with prominent American conductors currently conducting in Japan. This research documents the impact that American wind band conductors have had on the programming of Japanese wind bands and how their influence have altered the collegiate repertoire. Evidence of this impact is documented by Toshio Akiyama, who states that "The influence of visiting musicians from abroad must be measured as one of the most influential aspects affecting Japanese band growth. Although the effect of Japanese musicians traveling to the United States or Europe has been beneficial, the overall impact on large numbers of people has been more directly due to the visitors from abroad."

Bakgrund: Begreppet personcentrerad har internationellt blivit vedertaget inom omvårdnadsvetenskap och används för att beskriva en vårdform där vården utgår från ett partnerskap med patienten. Engagemang, trygghet, tillit, att vara delaktig i planeringen av vården och en vårdande relation upplevs vara viktiga komponenter som främjar delaktigheten. För att öka förståelsen om delaktighetens och personcentreringens syfte inom den rättspsykiatriska vårdkontexten krävs studier som beskriver de mångfacetterade begreppen ur vårdarens och patientens perspektiv. Syfte: Att förstå upplevelser av delaktighet och personcentrerad vård hos patienter och personal på en rättspsykiatrisk avdelning och diskutera hur delaktighet kan möjliggöras. Design: Studien är en kulturanalys och ansatsen är hermeneutisk. Metod: Enskilda halvstrukturerade intervjuer med fyra vårdare och fyra patienter på en rättspsykiatrisk avdelning i Mellansverige genomfördes. Intervjuerna har bearbetats utifrån en kulturanalytisk hermeneutisk arbetsmodell i sju faser. Interna dokument från sjukhuset analyserades avseende delaktighet. Resultat: Oklarheter gällande vårdprocessen och rättspsykiatrins strukturer som är inte fullkomligt tydliga inverkar på upplevelsen av delaktighet. Konklusion: Personal och patienter har olika uppfattningar om strukturernas funktion. Personalen anser att patienternas delaktighet är en förutsättning för vårdprocessen. Patienter uttrycker osäkerhet kring vad som förväntas av dem. Identitet och tolkning av den egna rollen kan påverka delaktigheten hos patienter inom rättspsykiatri. / Background: The concept of person-centered care is internationally accepted in nursing science and describes a form of care with an active patient included in all aspects of care. Commitment, trust, and involvement in the planning of care and a caring relationship are perceived to promote participation. To increase understanding person-centering in the forensic psychiatric care context, studies on the multifaceted concepts from carers’ and patients’ perspectives are required. Aim: To understand experiences of participation and person-centered care among patients and staff in a forensic psychiatric ward and discuss how participation can be promoted. Method: Individual semi-structured interviews with four carers and four patients in a forensic psychiatric hospital in Central Sweden were conducted. A seven-phase cultural analysis model was used. Internal documents were analyzed for statements about participation. Design: The study is a cultural analysis with a hermeneutic approach. Result: Unclear care process and structures of forensic care affect the experience of participation. Conclusion: The perceptions of the function of the structures differ. Staff believe that patient participation is a prerequisite for the care process. Patients express uncertainty about what is expected of them. Identity and interpretation of one's own role can influence the participation of patients in forensic psychiatry.

Denna uppsats syfte är att få reda på hur media beskriver Metallica när de tog emot Polarpriset år 2018. Med hjälp av metoden kulturanalys använder jag mig av kulturanalytiska begrepp och analyserar samt diskuterar resultaten utifrån begreppen identitet, status samt kulturella brytpunkter. Totalt sex artiklar och ett kåseri från Aftonbladet, Expressen, Svenska Dagbladet och Dagens Nyheter har analyserats där jag har letat efter upprepande mönster och teman och kommit fram till intressanta punkter. Majoriteten av journalisterna är positivt ställda till att Metallicas musik uppmärksammas och belönas, dock dök det upp en stor diskussion samt skepticism till själva Polarpriset i sig. Juryns sätt att välja ut vinnare av priset är enligt fem av dessa sju artiklar och kåseri ologiskt, saknar samtidsrelevans och spekulationer kring ett outtalat krav där vinnaren måste dyka upp till ceremonin diskuteras i några av dessa artiklar samt vilken status det faktiskt ger detta pris i sig. Några av journalisterna tar även upp hur hiphopen inte hade vunnit ett pris än men att det kanske vänder nu när ett metalband har vunnit. Det skrivs även om hur andra metalband som Black Sabbath borde ha varit det första metalbandet att ta emot Polarpriset. Undersökningen kommer fram till att dessa journalister beskriver Metallica som ett band med stora insatser för musiken, allra främst inom metalvärlden, som borde belönas men att vinna Polarpriset 2018 innan ett annat metalband har vunnit öppnar till en ny diskussion om statusen på Polarpriset i sig.

In sports discourse, the relationship between athletics and technology is often paradoxical. On the one hand, modern sports rely on technology at every level, from training and tracking of players to the equipment and apparel used by athletes to the game strategies and playing fields themselves. Nearly all of these technologies are intended to increase athletic performance on some level. And yet, certain performance enhancement technologies can be criticized for being antithetical to the spirit of sports, which is framed as being a strictly natural and pure human endeavor. Using a rhetorical-cultural methodological approach, popular sports discourse is analyzed to investigate how arguments in contested spaces between sports and technologies get (re)negotiated and (re)articulated to fit within a sports social language that emphasizes "pure" and "natural" ideals of sport. This often results in a dichotomy where the sport/technology relationship is either black boxed, thus being subsumed in the sport social language and becoming transparent and the relationships unarticulated, or the technology is regulated out of the sport through rules and bans. The reason for this articulation is attributed in large part to the deep humanism embedded in the sport social language. How a shift to a posthuman perspective would effect sports discourse is explored. These conclusions about underlying values in sports discourse lead to the formation of a new theoretical framework called disciplinary mythologies. Building off of Foucault's disciplinary power, Scott's disciplinary rhetorics, and Barthe's mythologies, disciplinary mythologies are discrete units of persuasion that both construct and constitute claims by drawing upon layered narratives and shifting associations that lose their context when entering the realm of myth. Two specific disciplinary mythologies are discussed—the level-playing-field topos and the nostalgia enthymeme—and it is shown how sports discourse often draws upon them to shape arguments and actions.

Abstract In this thesis a socio-cultural perspective of medical science education is adopted to argue the position that undergraduate medical scientists must be enculturated into the profession as knowledge workers and symbolic analysts who can interact with computers in complex analytical procedures, quality assurance and quality management. The cue for this position is taken from the transformations taking place in the pathology industry due to advances in automation, robotics and informatics. The rise of Evidence-Based Laboratory Medicine (EBLM) is also noted and the observation by higher education researchers, that knowledge systems are transforming in such a way that disciplines can no longer act in isolation. They must now collaborate with disparate fields in transdisciplinary knowledge systems such as EBLM, for which new skills must be cultivated in undergraduate medical scientists. This thesis aims to describe a theoretical basis for knowledge work by taking a semiotic perspective. This is because, semiotics, a theory of signs and representations, can be applied to the structure of transdisciplinary scientific knowledge, the logic of scientific practice and the rhetoric of scientific communications. For this purpose, a semiotic framework is first derived from a wide range of semiotic theories existent in the literature. Then the application of this semiotic framework to clinical chemistry knowledge, context, logic, and rhetoric is demonstrated. This is achieved by interpreting various clinical chemistry data sources, for example, course materials, laboratory spatial arrangements, instruments, printouts, and students' practical reports, collected from a teaching laboratory situation. The results of semiotic analysis indicate that the clinical chemist working in the computerised laboratory environment performs knowledge work, and the term is synonymous with symbolic analysis. It is shown that knowledge work entails the application of a systematic structure for clinical chemistry knowledge derived in terms of the validation procedures applied to laboratory, data, results and tests; the application of logic in the classification and selection of instruments, their rulegoverned- use, and in troubleshooting errors; pragmatic decisions based on availability of space, services and budgets; discrimination among values in laboratory test evaluations in EBLM, for the cost-effectiveness and relevance of pathology services; and the recognition of rhetorical strategies used to communicate laboratory test information in graphs, charts, and statistics. The role of the laboratory context is also explained through semiotics, in terms of its spatial arrangements and designs of laboratory instruments, as a place that constrains the knowledge work experience. This contextual analysis provides insights into the oppositional trend brought to wide attention by analysts of computerised professional work, that more skills are needed, but that there are fewer highly skilled positions available. The curriculum implications of these findings are considered in terms of the need to cultivate knowledge workers for highly complex symbolic analysis in computerised laboratories; and also the need to prepare medical science graduates for the transdisciplinary knowledge system of EBLM, and related venues of employment such as biomedical research and clinical medicine. In meeting the aims to define and demonstrate knowledge work from the semiotic perspective, this thesis makes an original contribution to knowledge by the application of semiotics to a field in which it has probably never been tested. It contributes to the scholarship of teaching in higher education by formulating a structure for transdisciplinary medical science knowledge, which integrates scientific with other forms of knowledge, and with real world practice.

Stand-up comedy has become increasingly popular in Sweden in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The jokes of stand-up comedians are reflections of contemporary cultural notions and discourses. Stand-up comedy can also be seen as a form a cultural free zone where one is allowed to express oneself in ways that are not possible in other public contexts. In this study I am investigating how Swedish stand-up comedians relate to cultural notions about gender, sexuality, ethnicity/race, places, age, disabilities, social class and mental illness. By applying an intersectional perspective I am able to show how various power structures can interact and strengthen each other. The main empirical material consists of three observations at different stand-up comedy clubs and four interviews with stand-up comedians. By using cultural analysis as an analysis method I am showing how stand-up comedy both reflects and is affected by larger structural patterns and discourses in society. My analysis shows that stand-up comedians are both reproducing and challenging normative cultural notions. A variety of theoretical concepts are used to analyse how standup comedians are joking about prevailing cultural notions. For example am I using gender theories to analyse jokes about notions of gender and sexuality while postcolonial concepts as well as theories about racification are applied in the analysis of jokes connected to cultural notions about race and ethnicity. In some of the jokes different cultural notions are intertwined. Furthermore I am analysing how the stand-up comedians are reflecting over what they are allowed to joke about, depending on their own background and experiences as well as how they are relating to different discourses. Stand-up comedy is still dominated by a masculine discourse that has only recently been challenged by a feminist discourse, which stand-up comedians relate to in different ways. How stand-up comedians navigate between political correctness and the discourse that comedians should be able to joke about everything is also part of my investigation. Finally, I am analysing different comic strategies used by the stand-up comedians in their performances, which affect how they are joking about various cultural notions. Some comedians are joking about themselves in a self-deprecatory way while others invites the audience to join the perspective of an assumed normative community to make jokes about what makes other groups different.

The diploma thesis analyzes the collection of fairy tales titled Pohádky pod polštář (Fairy Tales to Put Under the Pillow), written by psychologist Zuzana Pospíšilová and illustrated by Katarína Ilkovičová. The collection was published in the Czech Republic in 2012. The individual fairy tales are based on European folklore and adapted for the Czech cultural context. In terms of presentation, the collection is intended as a modern update of the popular children's fairy tale format. My analysis is rooted in feminist theory and feminist cultural and literary studies, as exemplified by authors such as Pam Morris, Simone de Beauvoir, Naomi Wolf and others. The subject of power is analyzed mainly in relation to the writings of Michel Foucault, Judith Butler and Pierre Bourdieu. From this perspective, I have attempted to make an informed criticism of the stereotypical and otherwise discriminatory images of gender present in the fairy tales. On the other hand, I have also recorded the instances in which gender normativity is subverted in the collection. In addition, the thesis attempts to employ an intersectional approach to analyzing the selected text, taking into account other categories significant to the dominant social order including not only gender, but also race/ethnicity, class, sexual identity,...

A common practice of multinational companies is to temporarily transfer employees to international locations in order to exchange technology, launch new ventures, and facilitate communication within the company. To do this, multinational companies must make a number of decisions regarding their expatriate programs. Even though international companies would rather stay focused on the professional performance of their employees without having to "meddle" in personal and family affairs, recent research has shown that the adaptation of the accompanying spouse is one of the most critical factors in expatriate assignment success or failure. By studying the available literature on expatriate spouse adaptation, coupled with conducting my own exploratory research with American expatriate spouses currently living in France, I was led to the conclusion that adequate, pre-departure preparation is indispensable to an expatriate spouse's successful cross-cultural adaptation. To improve the efficacy of pre-departure training, I propose providing expatriate spouses with personal trainers who will teach them to adopt a new mindset for the purpose of conducting cultural analysis. This mindset involves assuming the role of anthropologist—just as an actor would assume a role in a play. The benefits of this approach are twofold: firstly, imagining oneself as an anthropologist provides excellent motivation to get out and explore a new culture rather than avoiding it and hiding out in the safe haven of one's own home; secondly, having a new, temporary identity will help create the emotional distance necessary to minimize reactionary, negative feelings and allow for progressive, cross-cultural understanding. While being sensitive to prospective expatriate spouses' personal goals, personal trainers should provide concrete methods to help mitigate culture shock's related stresses, as well as helping expatriate spouses develop appropriate coping skills to assist them in dealing with the unsettling experience of living in another culture. By implementing improvements in relocation programs, such as the solution I propose, multinational companies can maintain an acceptable return on investment for their relocation programs while affording expatriate employees and their respective families an enriching and life-changing intercultural experience.

L’évaluation des apprentissages occupe une place importante dans les dispositifs de formation. Les décisions évaluatives peuvent avoir un impact majeur sur l’avenir professionnel de l’apprenant. Les enjeux peuvent être également élevés pour toute la société. Par ailleurs, bien que l’enseignant soit le premier responsable de l’évaluation, d’autres acteurs internes et externes y participent : les évalués, les acteurs institutionnels, les décideurs du ministère, les organismes accréditeurs, etc. L’évaluation semble bien plus complexe qu’elle n’y paraît. Dans le contexte de l’enseignement supérieur tunisien, il y a un manque de recherche dans le champ de l’éducation et plus particulièrement en lien avec la question de l’évaluation des apprentissages. C’est pourquoi cette étude se propose de tenter de dissiper le flou qui entoure les pratiques évaluatives, qui, à notre connaissance, n’ont pas été traitées comme objet de recherche dans le contexte de l’université tunisienne. Dans la présente étude, le concept de « culture d’évaluation » est central. L’analyse culturelle réalisée s’appuie sur la forte ressemblance entre les concepts de culture et celui de pratique. Cela nous a conduit à adopter un cadre d’analyse inspiré de la théorie des architectures de la pratique (Kemmis, 2009; Kemmis et al., 2014b). Les objectifs spécifiques consistent d’abord à décrire en détail les pratiques d’évaluation des apprentissages des enseignants ciblés et, ensuite, à identifier les patrons culturels associés à ces pratiques. L’ethnographie est la méthodologie retenue pour cette recherche. Elle implique de mener une étude de terrain auprès d’un groupe social de « natifs ». Il s’agit d’un groupe d’enseignants appartenant aux disciplines de l’ingénierie œuvrant à l’université de Gafsa. Les données ont été recueillies à l’aide des méthodes de l’entrevue individuelle semi-dirigée, de l’observation participante et de l’étude de documents. L’analyse des pratiques évaluatives dans le cadre de cette étude a permis de dégager quelques constats généraux. D’abord, l’évaluation est avant tout un dispositif technique. Il s’agit en outre d’une activité plurielle où des pratiques singulières se développent. Néanmoins, les enseignants tendent à suivre un processus officiel générique. Un autre constat concerne le caractère solitaire de l’activité d’évaluation qui se manifeste dans le manque de collaboration et l’existence de pratiques de « bricolage ». Il apparaît aussi que les enseignants sont insatisfaits des pratiques évaluatives existantes et tentent par de multiples moyens de les améliorer, mais sans impact réel. Le système évaluatif officiel est trop rigide pour permettre de vrais changements dans les pratiques. Cela contribue à renforcer la logique du devoir qui consiste à répondre aux exigences administratives en matière d’évaluation. Paradoxalement, les prescriptions officielles ne sont pas toujours respectées. Les résultats montrent également l’existence de conflits dans les activités d’évaluation collaboratives. Tous ces éléments conduisent à un manque de transparence dans l’évaluation. Finalement, les résultats suggèrent une certaine prévalence de la tolérance dans la culture d’évaluation. À travers cette étude, nous présentons une ethnographie assez détaillée en tant que contribution importante pour la recherche en évaluation. Les acteurs du terrain pourraient s’y référer pour développer des dispositifs de formation plus efficaces en ingénierie. / Assessment of learning occupies a central position in training structures. Assessment decisions can have a major impact on the learner professional future. The stakes can be high for all the society as well. In addition, although the teacher has the lead responsibility for assessment, other internal and external actors are involved: the students, the institutional actors, the decision-makers at ministry level, accreditation bodies, etc. Assessment seems much more complex than it looks. In the context of Tunisian higher education, there is a lack of research in the field of education, especially regarding the issue of assessment of learning. Consequently, this study proposes to dispel the lack of clarity that surrounds assessment practices, which, to our knowledge, have not been considered as a research topic in the context of the Tunisian university. In this study, the concept of "culture of assessment" is central. The cultural analysis undertaken is based on the strong similarity between the concepts of culture and that of practice. This led us to adopt an analytical framework inspired by the theory of architectures of practice (Kemmis, 2009; Kemmis et al., 2014b). This research had two specific research objectives: first, to provide a detailed description of the targeted teachers assessment practices and, secondly, to identify the cultural patterns related to these practices. We have chosen ethnography as a research methodology in this study. It involves conducting field research with a social group of "natives". It’s a group of engineering teachers working at the University of Gafsa. Data were collected using the following methods: semi-structured individual interview, participant observation and documents. In this study, the analysis of assessment practices allowed us to form few overall observations. First of all, assessment is primarily a technical process. It is also a plural activity where unique practices develop. However, teachers tend to follow a generic formal process. Another conclusion concerns the solitary nature of the assessment activity which manifests itself in the lack of collaboration and the existence of improvisation practices. In addition, it appears that teachers express dissatisfaction with existing assessment practices and try in many ways to improve them but with no real impact. The official assessment system is too rigid to allow real changes in practices. This contributes in reinforcing the logic of duty which consists in trying to meet the administrative requirements for assessment. Paradoxically, official requirements are not always respected. The results also show the existence of conflicts in collaborative assessment activities. We also concluded that assessment lacks transparency. Finally, the results suggest a certain prevalence of tolerance in the assessment culture. In this study, we present a quite detailed ethnography as an important contribution to research on assessment. Actors in the field could use it as a reference in order to develop more effective training systems in the field of engineering.