Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar, através de um ritual de passagem, os valores culturais presentes em uma comunidade rural. Ao narrar suas lembranças sobre o rito de passagem, os moradores dessa comunidade trazem para a discussão as experiências vividas no rito do casamento e os significados que elas representaram em suas vidas. A riqueza desse estudo qualitativo sustenta-se na possibilidade de entrar nessas experiências, analisar em que aspectos da cultura elas se estruturam e o que representam para sua manutenção. A pesquisa usa a etnografia como base metodológica e a entrevista narrativa semi-estruturada como técnica de coleta de dados. A amostra é intencional, composta por trinta entrevistados, de três diferentes gerações. Os critérios de seleção dos sujeitos para participarem da pesquisa foram: estado civil, residência no local em estudo, idade e sexo. A partir dessas variáveis, foram criados três grupos de entrevistados, divididos por idades distintas, a fim de caracterizar as gerações. O referencial teórico utilizado permitiu analisar a cultura dessa comunidade, através das obras de Van Gennep, Turner, Segalen e DaMatta, e identificar as etapas de um rito de passagem e dos valores inseridos nesse rito na comunidade. Desse modo, o estudo acerca dessas narrativas contribuiu para mostrar que esse rito se mantém na comunidade como parte da cultura e dos valores sociais que constituem sua identidade cultural. O estudo demonstra ainda que os ritos são produtos das forças sociais e que se mantêm vivos apesar da velocidade com que a sociedade se desenvolve. / This study has as objective to analyze through a rite of passage the cultural values present in a rural community. When narrating their memories, the inhabitants of this community bring to discussion the experiences lived in the wedding rite and the meanings that they represented in their lives. The richness of this qualitative study sustains itself in the possibility of deeply knowing these experiences, analyzing the cultural aspects which they organize themselves in and what they represent for their maintenance. The research uses ethnography as methodological basis and the semi-structured narrative interview as the data gathering technique. The sample is intentional consisting of thirty interviewees from three distinct generations. The subject selection criteria to take part in the research were: marital status, residence at the place of research, age and gender. Based on these variables, three interviewee groups were created divided by distinct ages in order to distinguish the generations. The theoretical referential used enabled the analysis of this community`s culture through Van Gennep, Turner, Segalen and DaMatta works, and to identify the rite of passage stages and the values inserted in this rite at the community. This way the study around these narratives contributed to show that this rite maintains itself in the community as part of the culture and social values that constitute its culutural identity. The study even demonstrates that the rites are products of social forces and that they maintain themselves alive despite the speed at which the society develops.

This study explores the use of English in the texts of product packages sold in Swedish retail. This includes looking at the proportion of English of the packages of four brands God Morgon, Froosh, Oatly and Wellness, as well as exploring what moves are most likely to be in English and furthermore, what cultural values are conveyed by the texts. The most significant findings are that the proportion of English varies among both between and within the brands, depending on the specific niche the products have. Furthermore, in line with previous studies, English is mainly found in the attention-grabbing moves such as headlines and leads, whereas Swedish is more frequent in the copy which serves a more explanatory and detailing function. This is true except for the texts of the brand Oatly, with the main copy also in English. The cultural values conveyed by the texts, finally, both support previous findings, but it may be suggested that some of the values, such as nature and morality, have just recently begun to be associated to English.

Les valeurs culturelles et leur impact sur les attitudes et les comportements ont longtemps été un objet de débat. La mondialisation, la migration et l'expatriation ont contribué au conflit provoqué par l'interaction entre les multiples identités culturelles, en particulier lorsqu’il s’agit d'organisations constituées de personnel diversifié. La France est un cas singulier, offrant un contexte historique et culturel particulièrement intéressant pour l’étude de ce sujet. En effet, la culture dominante en France prône l'égalitarisme et la laïcité. Parallèlement, une grande partie de la population française a adopté des valeurs culturelles issues de ses croyances religieuses. De plus, les perceptions au sujet de «l'égalité des chances» offerte par la société varient considérablement selon les cultures. Cette question est particulièrement importante dans un environnement de travail où les individus ayant des croyances diverses et complexes participent à des activités collectives. L'objectif de cette thèse est de découvrir les mécanismes par lesquels les attributs culturels déterminent une éthique de travail - premièrement, à travers leur interaction avec les croyances religieuses; et deuxièmement, à travers les croyances implicites sur la structure de la société. Les résultats révèlent que les pensées religieuses influencent positivement l’éthique de travail et le niveau de l’effort quand une culture de la religiosité est proéminente et négativement lorsque la culture laïque est saillante. Par ailleurs, cette recherche éclaircit les différentes perceptions de l'égalité des chances dans la société. Les attitudes méritocratiques sont directement influencées par la façon dont les gens distinguent la structure sociale : selon qu’elle soit perçue comme rigide ou malléable. Sur trois essais, cette thèse soulève une problématique particulièrement importante à laquelle font face les employeurs et les décideurs politiques, en particulier en France. Elle fournit une explication quant à l'impact des valeurs culturelles et religieuses, des perceptions sur la malléabilité de la structure sociale, et des mentalités, sur la prévision de l’éthique de travail et la motivation. / Cultural values and their impact on people’s attitudes and behavior have long been a place for debate. Globalization, migration and expatriation have contributed to the conflict caused by the interaction among multiple cultural identities, particularly when it comes to organizations with diverse workforce. Specifically, France is a unique case that provides a historically and culturally rich, yet very ambiguous context for studying this topic. The dominant culture in France emphasizes on egalitarianism and secularism. However, a great part of the population has adopted distinct cultural values with regard to their religious beliefs. Moreover, the perception about ‘equal opportunities’ provided by the society varies considerably across the cultures. The topic is specifically important at workplace, where individuals with diverse and sometimes divergent beliefs take part in collective activities. The objective of this dissertation is to discover the mechanisms by which cultural attributes predict work ethic and productivity- first, through their interaction with religious beliefs; and second through the implicit theories about the societal structure. The findings reveal that religious thoughts positively influence work ethic and level effort when a culture of religiosity is prominent and negatively when the laïc culture is salient. Furthermore, this research sheds light to the different perceptions about equal opportunities in the society. The meritocratic attitudes are directly influenced by the extent to which people perceive the social structure to be malleable vs. fixed. Across three essays, this dissertation addresses a particularly important issue as faced by employers and policy makers, specifically in France. It provides a compelling understanding about a number of antecedents of work ethic and work behavior; namely, the cultural and religious values, perceptions about malleability of the social structure, and mindsets.

This diploma thesis deals with the role of cultural values in the international cooperation. Theoretical part focuses on the definition of culture, its elements, problems of multicultural teams and cultural dimensions. Practical part concentrates on the ERA, international non-profit organisation. It contains the presentation of the organisation, including its development, economic meaning, situational analysis and marketing mix. An integral part of this thesis is the research. Its objective is to obtain information about respondents' views on the organization itself, its ideas and values, and possible international and cultural barriers.

The Thesis deals with a reconstruction of the elementary school in Mořice. The main aim of the Thesis is adjusting the building for an operation of school facilities and recovering into an origin building appearance. The land is in the protective zone of immovable cultural values. It is the two-floored object with a basement, an unused attic, roofed with a sloping roof with metal covering. The use of object will be remained. The building is a part of terraced houses being connected with from the south direction. The project is solved in the level of documentation for the construction work.

This study is concerned with the problem of determining whether there is a relationship between achievement and specific ethnic and profile characteristics of Anglo-American and Mexican-American junior and senior high school students who are enrolled in a large metropolitan public school district. The purposes include (a) delineation of demographic data on these students in terms of specific group membership, gender, age, and educational concerns; (b) identification of the attitudes and values of these students; (c) evaluation of the relationships between the demographic data and the degree to which ethnic membership and interpersonal concerns impact participation in the classroom.

摘要     “语言决定论”说明了语言和思想之间的联系，且通过分析语言与文化间的关系而不断改善。文化在一个人思想形成的基础阶段中发挥了决定性作用，是语言意识形态的基本特征。于是我们可以假设，文化价值作为一种可以衡量文化影响力的手段，文化影响力理应能够在文字中被识别出来和与文字建立起联系，而这也可与网络新词，这个从未被研究过的领域联系起来。     为了证明中国的文化价值对网络新词的影响，笔者会使用“定性内容分析”的方法与“定量分析法”。文化影响了字词的本意，也影响了在网络上出现的新词的意义。此外，中华文化价值与网络新词之间的联系不单可由文化对新词直接的影响中识别出来，亦可间接地在用法中加以识别。而有些网络新词虽然源于其他语言或文化，但是中国文化影响了这些网络新词的语境，使这些新词最终能够与中文融为一体。 / Linguistic determinism has prompted one of the earliest discussions about the connection between language and thought. This link has been further refined through the identification of cultural values playing a determinative role on the basic stage of thought formation, which is one of the fundamental aspects of language ideology. Such findings have sparked the hypothesis that cultural influences, in the form of cultural values as measurable means, should be recognized in or connected to words, even to those that belong to previously uninvestigated areas, such as new Internet words. The methodology of qualitative content analysis as well as a quantitative study applied to a sample of new Chinese Internet words and expressions has demonstrated that the influence of Chinese cultural values on them is identifiable to a significant extent. The cultural values either directly affect the words in their original or new meaning or have an influence on the Internet words indirectly, in their usage. Furthermore, it is argued that such connections between the researched Chinese cultural values and the meaning or usage of the collected new Chinese Internet words and expressions are not only to be strictly categorized into direct and indirect influences but should be considered in a broader sense. Despite some words and expressions originating from other languages and cultures, the influence of Chinese cultural values should still be acknowledged since it is through these that words are able to integrate into the Chinese language.

An interdisciplinary approach to learning styles and teaching styles among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander students (NHPI) and Western teachers, this thesis suggests specific learning components necessary for academic success for Oceanic learners. This was accomplished by examining academic literature in the fields of anthropology, history, intercultural communication, linguistics, Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL), and Hawaiian studies. The thesis blends the current literature with qualitative research findings from questionnaire results of university students from the Pacific Islands and questionnaire results from Western university faculty. The results of this research provide insight to addressing tactile learning, natural environments, spirit/core wisdom, and awareness of the differences in communication styles for NHPI students in a U.S. university. The results also provide insight on two major themes that inhibit learning: first, that NHPI students face fear and a lack of confidence on a daily basis in the general class environment, and second, that their teachers also have a low regard of the NHPI student because of unmet expectations that are culturally relevant to Western education systems, but that are in direct contrast of Oceanic values. This thesis suggests that both teachers and students often miscommunicate by unknowing conflicting value systems.

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