Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:44:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 499593 bytes, checksum: a1a3e62fb1dde09bc2c0407e1df6ee2e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-23 / This piece of research was conducted in a public school, in the city of Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, and aimed (a) to investigate the beliefs of the vice-director and supervisors about teaching and learning of English and its possible influence on the teacher s motivation to teach English, (b) to identify the differences and the similarities between their beliefs about teaching and learning of English, (c) to identify the relationship between the vice-director and supervisors beliefs, the teacher s beliefs, and the teacher´s motivation to teach English. The theoretical framework based on studies of beliefs (Pajares, 1992; Fishbein, 1975, Oliveira et al, 1998; Barcelos, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2006, Moscovici, 2003; Kalaja, 1995; Cotteral, 1995, Freeman and Johnson , 1998; Vieira- Abrahão, 2004, 2005, Borg 2006, Richards and Lockhart, 1994), about English teaching in public schools (Brazil, 1996, 1998, 2002; Dias, 2005b; Leffa, 1999, 2009, 2000; Cox & Assis-Peterson, 2008, Bohn, 2000, 2003; Micolli, 2007; Almeida Filho, 1992, 2003), and motivation ( Dörnyei 2000, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2008; Pintrich and Schunk, 1996; Ribas, 2008, Deci and Ryan 1985, 2000; DECI et al. 1991; Bzuneck and Guimarães, 2003; Huberman, 1989). From an ethnographic research method the following data collection instruments were used: questionnaires, interviews, participant observation, field notes and narratives. The results have suggested that the vice-director and supervisors consider that English learning is very important and should start earlier in schools. However, they attribute a pragmatic value (labor market, globalization, vestibular) to English teaching in public school. They also believe that, unlike the private school conditions in the public schools are unfavorable to learning. The teacher revealed beliefs about the role of the teachers and the students, about EL teaching in public school, and about the difficulties and problems of her own practice. Comparing teacher s and vice-director and supervisors beliefs, there were more convergent beliefs than divergent. The results have also shown that the teacher seems motivated despite not being seen like that by some vice-director and supervisors. The relationship between the vice-director and supervisors beliefs and teacher s motivation are nonlinear. We hope that this study can contribute to the reflection and solve of challenging problems faced in the teaching of English in public schools. / Esta pesquisa foi realizada em uma escola pública, da cidade de Viçosa, do Estado de Minas Gerais, e teve como objetivos (a) investigar as crenças dos gestores (vice-diretor e supervisores) sobre ensino/aprendizagem de LI (Língua Inglesa) e sua possível influência na motivação do professor, (b) identificar as diferenças e semelhanças entre as crenças de gestores e as do professor sobre ensino e aprendizagem de LI, e(c) identificar a relação entre as crenças dos gestores, do professor e a motivação do professor para ensinar LI. O referencial teórico baseia-se nos estudos sobre crenças (Pajares, 1992; Fishbein, 1975; Oliveira et al, 1998; Barcelos, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2006; Moscovici, 2003; Kalaja, 1995; Cotteral, 1995; Freeman e Johnson, 1998; Vieira-Abrahão, 2004, 2005; Borg, 2006; Richards e Lockhart, 1994 ), sobre ensino de LI nas escolas públicas do Brasil (Brasil, 1996, 1998, 2002; Dias, 2005b; Leffa, 1999, 2009, 2000; Cox e Assis-Peterson 2008, Bohn, 2000, 2003; Micolli, 2007; Almeida Filho, 1992, 2003) e sobre motivação (Dörnyei 2000, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2008; Pintrich e Schunk, 1996; Ribas, 2008, Deci e Ryan 1985, 2000; DECI et al., 1991; Bzuneck e Guimarães, 2003; Huberman , 1989). A metodologia escolhida foi a pesquisa de base etnográfica e foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos de coleta: questionários, entrevistas, observação participante, notas de campo e narrativas. Os resultados sugerem que os gestores consideram a aprendizagem de inglês muito importante e acreditam que o ensino de LI nas escolas deveria começar mais cedo. Contudo, atribuem um valor pragmático ao ensino de LI na EP (escola pública) (mercado de trabalho, globalização, vestibular) e acreditam que, ao contrário da escola particular, as condições na EP são desfavoráveis à aprendizagem. A professora revela crenças sobre o papel do professor e dos alunos, sobre aprendizagem de LI na EP e sobre as dificuldades e problemas de sua própria prática. Essas crenças mostram-se relacionadas umas às outras e em comparação com as crenças dos gestores revelaram que há mais crenças convergentes do que divergentes. Os resultados também revelam que a professora pesquisada é muito motivada apesar de não ser visto assim por alguns dos gestores revelando uma relação não linear entre crença dos gestores e motivação da professora. Espera-se que este estudo possa contribuir para a reflexão e consequentemente para amenização dos problemas desafiadores que enfrentamos com o ensino de LI na escola pública.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:55:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 adilson1.pdf: 2430133 bytes, checksum: 9884c7fd9eb8de05d15801486c17f531 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work researches the society s participation process in the development of the Director Plan for the District of Campeche, which is part of the Participative Director Plan ( Plano Diretor Participativo ) for the city of Florianopolis. The research analyzed the process as a whole, contextualizing the city s scenario to conclude by presenting the peculiarities of a case study based on sampling that focused on the study area. As a descriptive research, it exposes the characteristics of a determined population or phenomenon yet does not engage itself to explaining the process which is described but provides the basis for an explanation. The field research took place where the phenomenon occurred, uncovering the elements necessary to comprehend it, while also aiming at providing, in a qualitative way, a complete description of the process. The adopted data collecting method consisted in observing and participating of the events, during which was analyzed the participation of local residents, socio-communitarian entities and local government institutions based on the meetings minutes and attendance lists. By borrowing the primary data, a broad view of the problem is presented so that it can later be detailed descriptively in a specifically delimitated sample. The clash that took place in the past 20 years around the issue, in Florianopolis and Campeche, sustains a conjuncture to be comprehended which goes from the local physical features and the characteristics of the land use to the way the communities organized themselves aiming at participating in the planning process. With the City Statute , the participation that the Campeche population had been exerting, organizing itself as a way to pressure the official planning organ, gains legal support, launching a challenge to be won: the elaboration and application of a director plan conceived from the communitarian participation. To reach such debate years of struggle were necessary, involving pro urban reform movements at national level and, in Campeche, through the organizing of the community around such demand. The City of Florianopolis prepares itself to approve a new Director Plan that will integrate all of its Districts: the Participative Director Plan. The interests that are to be contemplated in the Director Plan, based on the communitarian proposals, will show the force of the sectors involved. A struggle that is still being waged, especially around the most conflicting points, characterizing the city which we have and pointing out the city which is wanted, based on the emergence of the effective participation of the society in the process / O presente trabalho investiga o processo de participação da sociedade na construção do plano diretor para o Distrito do Campeche, no contexto do Plano Diretor Participativo de Florianópolis. A pesquisa analisou o processo como um todo, contextualizando o cenário municipal para, a partir da amostragem com foco na área de estudo, apresentar ao final as peculiaridades de um estudo de caso. Enquanto pesquisa descritiva, ao mesmo tempo em que expõe as características de determinada população ou fenômeno, não apresenta o compromisso de explicar o processo que descreve, servindo de base para a explicação. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada no local onde ocorreu o fenômeno, descortinando os elementos necessários para compreendê-lo, ao mesmo tempo em que procurou fornecer de forma qualitativa uma descrição completa do processo. O método adotado para coletar os dados consistiu em acompanhar os eventos, fazendo o levantamento, a partir das atas e listas de presença, da participação de moradores, entidades sócio-comunitárias, profissionais, acadêmicas e órgãos públicos. Ao apropriar-se de dados primários, apresenta uma visão ampla do problema para depois detalhá-lo, descritivamente, em uma amostra especificamente delimitada. O embate ocorrido nos últimos vinte anos, em torno da questão, em Florianópolis e no Campeche, carrega uma conjuntura a ser compreendida que vai desde as feições naturais locais e a forma de ocupação do solo, até a organização das comunidades objetivando participar do processo de planejamento. Com o Estatuto da Cidade a participação que a população do Campeche vinha exercendo, organizando-se como forma de fazer pressão sobre o órgão oficial de planejamento, ganha amparo legal, lançando um desafio a ser vencido à elaboração e aplicação de um plano diretor concebido a partir da participação comunitária. Para se chegar a tal contenda foram necessários anos de luta a nível nacional pelos movimentos favoráveis à reforma urbana e no Campeche pela organização da comunidade, em torno de tal demanda. A Cidade de Florianópolis prepara-se para aprovar um novo Plano Diretor que integrará todos os Distritos: o Plano Diretor Participativo. Os interesses contemplados no Plano Diretor, a partir das propostas comunitárias, mostram o peso dos setores envolvidos, uma luta que, ainda, esta sendo travada principalmente nos pontos mais conflitantes, caracterizando a cidade que se tem e apontando à cidade que se quer, a partir da emergência da efetiva participação da sociedade no processo

勞工參與制度之實踐，有助於達成勞資平等及保障勞工權益。然因勞工參與制度之推動涉及公司治理法制及公司經營上之廣大利益，須在社會各方成員達成共識之後，才有透過立法推動之可能，亦即釐清社會各界疑慮及提供資方足夠誘因，為勞工參與企業經營制度於我國擴大實施之關鍵。 我國公司治理法制及公司法領域之專業意見，皆對勞工參與企業經營制度作為公司治理模式抱持懷疑的態度，主因在於我國公司治理主流之美國法思維。但事實上反對觀點所呈現者，並非勞工參與企業經營制度本質上之瑕疵，僅是身為法律繼受者在思考上之侷限。 觀諸德國勞工參與制度之經驗，在共同決定制度逾50年之發展中，雖面臨諸多質疑，近年亦因歐洲公司成立亦引起勞工參與制度彈性化之論爭。但在歷經金融風暴等全球性經濟危機後，德國企業之快速重建卻證明共同決定制度塑造之和諧勞資關係確實有助於公司永續發展；而德國勞工代表長期參與公司監事會之運作亦提供勞工參與作為公司治理模式之正當性。 雖然我國勞工董事制度實施至今，適用主體仍限於國營及公營轉民營企業，但在這些少數企業中，仍有勞工董事制度實踐之成功案例。本文即藉由中鋼勞工董事實踐之經驗，說明中鋼勞工董事參與公司經營後帶來之效益，破除國內反對見解之疑慮並提供資方實施之誘因。希望在德國與我國經驗之背書下，能夠促進社會共識之凝聚，以利勞工參與企業經營制度之推動，改善勞資關係，達成公司治理促進公司永續經營之目標。 / The practice of the labor participation system helps to achieve equality of labor and capital and safeguard labor rights. However, the promotion of the labor participation system involves the change of Corporate Governance System and the interests of the company, it is only after the consensus reached among the community, there is a possibility to promote it through legislation, that is, clarifying the concerns of the community and providing sufficient incentives for the emlpoyers turn into of the key to the promote Company Level Labor Participation System . Based on the viewpoint above, this study uses the experience in implementing the labor participation system of Germany and China Steel Corporation to verify that the labor participation system can and should be the model of corporate governance to break the doubts of the opponents and provide sufficient incentives for the emlpoyers. It is hoped that under the endorsement of Germany and China Steel Corporation's experience, can help the community reach the consensus, accelerate the promotion of Company Level Labor Participation System, improve the labor-management relations, and achieve the goal of Sustainable Operation.

Orientador: Lindon Fonseca Matias / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T02:17:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fonseca_MarceloFernando_M.pdf: 8157389 bytes, checksum: a74fb0a08183712336555b8f95519a24 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: A presente dissertação consiste em um diagnóstico do uso da terra no entorno do Reservatório de Salto Grande, no município de Americana (SP), através da utilização de imagens de satélite de alta resolução, incursões de campo e dos recursos e procedimentos conjuntamente associados às geotecnologias. Foram obtidas informações geocartográficas dando origem a mapeamentos que permitiram a confrontação com os dados do Plano Diretor de Desenvolvimento Integrado (PDDI/1999) do município de Americana, no que se refere às disposições legais de uso e ocupação da terra definidas para a área de estudo. A constituição da base de dados geográficos deste trabalho sugere que o tratamento da informação espacial, quando realizado de maneira adequada, se constitui em poderoso recurso para análises sócio-territoriais. As avaliações realizadas indicam para um uso da terra predominantemente inadequado no entorno do Reservatório de Salto Grande, levando-se em consideração as leis orgânicas do município e os levantamentos e análises complementares do espaço geográfico selecionado, empreendidas com o apoio das geotecnologias. O avanço ilegal da cultura da cana-de-açúcar na região do pós-represa e o processo de ocupação e destruição de matas ciliares, fragmentos de matas e vegetação nativa em áreas já urbanizadas ou com tendências de ocupação respondem pela maior parte das inadequações e conflitos identificados, o que faz das áreas de proteção e preservação ambiental (APPA) as mais afetadas dentro de um processo de degradação e desrespeito à legislação atual. Diante do quadro de inadequação e conflito predominantes no diagnóstico do uso e ocupação da terra na área de estudo, e da já constatada degradação atual da qualidade da água do próprio Reservatório, recomenda-se especial atenção dos agentes responsáveis e da comunidade atuante na perspectiva da tomada de medidas efetivas para se evitar danos ainda maiores, exigindo-se o cumprimento da lei e um planejamento territorial compatível com a realidade local. Ressalta-se que a Geografia como ciência pode e deve atuar de maneira efetiva na discussão do planejamento do uso da terra, apontando meios para a consolidação de uma gestão territorial que prime pela justiça e igualdade de direitos na apropriação do espaço geográfico / Abstract: This work consists of a diagnosis of land use around Salto Grande Reservoir, in the city of Americana, São Paulo State, through the use of high spatial resolution satellite images, field incursions and resources and procedures related to geotechnologies. Geocartographical informations found originated mappings which allowed its confrontation with data from the Integrated Development Urban Planning (PDDI/1999) of Americana municipality, with regard to laws of land use and occupation defined for this study¿s area. This work¿s establishment of geographical database suggests that proper space information treatment is a powerful resource for social-territorial analysis. Evaluations indicate that there is a predominantly inappropriate use of the land around Salto Grande Reservoir, considering organic laws of municipality and complementary surveys and analysis of selected geographical area, made with geotechnologies support. Illegal advance of sugar cane culture in the of post-dam and the process of occupation and destruction of forests gallery, fragments of forests and native vegetation in areas already urbanized or with occupation tendencies respond by most identified inadequacies and conflicts identified, making of these areas of environmental protection and preservation (APPA) the most affected in a process of degradation and disrespect to the current legislation. Facing the situation of inadequacy and conflict prevailing in the diagnosis of use and occupation of land in this study¿s area, and the current degradation of water quality of the reservoir itself, it is recommended special attention from the responsible officers and the active community from the perspective of taking effective measures to avoid even greater damages, and requiring up the compliance with the law and a territorial planning compatible with local reality. It is empathized that Geography as science, can and must act in an effective manner in the discussion of the planning of land use, pointing means for the consolidation of a territorial administration that prime for justice and equal rights in the ownership of the geographical area / Mestrado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Mestre em Geografia

Master's thesis entitled Motivating factors influencing the work of directors of nursery schools aims to identify motivational factors influencing the work of headmasters. The main objective of the research is to determine which of motivation, stimulation, and demotivating factors affect headmasters of nursery schools of the Pardubice Region. Based on quantitative and qualitative research lead to the fulfillment of specific objectives. The first partial objective is to conclude from created questions for a research and carrying out research among nursery schools among Managers of Pardubice region through a questionnaire survey and subsequent analysis of the data,what motivational factors, stimulation, demotivating and to what extent, affect the work of directors of nursery schools in Pardubice region. The second partial objective is to compare the motivational factors influencing the work of selected directors surveyed of nursery schools in Pardubice region at different stages of their professional development and to identify changes in the scope of these factors of motivation. The research suggests that motivational factors influence the work of directors rather moderately, stimulatory factors in their work are mostly highly motivating and demotivating factors are strongly demotivating. All the...

The thesis deals with the issue of administrative law in reflection of the new Education Act and court judgments in recent years, according to which the administrative procedure should apply in all schools and beyond complete list of cases referred to in the Education Act. The topic concerns the implementation of rights of children and students in public and private schools. Diploma thesis brings brief analysis of the development of public administration in education from 1990 to present with a focus on specific role of the school principal in the state administration. The thesis describes problematic areas in headmaster's decision about rights and duties of children and pupils especially in the application of Law no. 89/2012 Coll., the Civil code and the Law no. 258/2000 coll., on protection of public health and amending some related laws as subsequently amended. Diploma thesis provides a summary of the basic principles in the director's decision in state administration and headmaster's insight on the issue of administrative proceedings in nursery and primary schools.

This thesis examines life stories of three chosen preschool directresses. Based on life story interviews it brings and partially compares their life stories, picks out the critical incidents and characteristic features of their lives, gives insight into individual phases of their director's role and document their reflection of the role itself. The in - depth interviews focus on complex understanding of individual's life. The directresses are examined based on both their professional development and personal experiences. This thesis documents own interpretations of life stories; it is a source of self-reflection for the examined directresses. It also serves as an inspiration source for directors newly in the office. It is formally divided into two parts: the theoretical one gives an overview of life-story interview as a methodological approach applied. Furthermore, it is also devoted to the director as an individual being defined mainly in the Czech School Law. It also represents the existing results of both teachers' and directors' life stories research. The research part represents an analysis of life story interviews with three chosen preschool directresses in connection to the research questions.

中央研究院被認為是我國最高學術機構，院內一級單位主管皆由研究人員兼任。本研究旨在探討中央研究院學術研究人員兼任行政主管的領導風格與所屬單位員工組織溝通與行政效能的關聯性，並採用問卷調查法中的配額抽樣方式，行政單位發出105份，研究單位則發出310份，合計為415份。問卷回收共計315份，其中有效問卷數為293份，可用率為93.01%。 經分析結果得出以下結論：中央研究院由研究人員兼任行政主管之所屬單位員工對於主管的領導風格、組織溝通與行政效能的感受平均得分分別為3.48、3.31、3.95，位於「李克特五點尺度法」的中上但未達同意程度。其次，組織溝通的「正式溝通」與行政效能之間具有顯著之正向關係。由此可知，中央研究院由研究人員兼任行政主管所屬單位員工的正式溝通感受程度愈高，其行政效能的知覺程度亦會愈高。最後，主管的「轉換型領導」與「交易型領導」對於組織溝通的「正式溝通」與行政效能之間具有正向之調節效果，但對於不同社會屬性特徵員工與行政效能之間則不具有調節效果。 根據研究結果，本研究提出四項實務建議，以增進單位員工的行政效能。包括：主管對於部屬應加強個別關懷及提供教育訓練、對待部屬應賞罰分明、強化與部屬之間的溝通管道以及兼任行政主管應善盡主管之職責。 / The Academia Sinica is considered the highest academic institution of the country. The researchers hold the concurrent post as the highest administration positions at the director level. The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship of the academic researcher with administrative director’s leadership style, organizational communication, and administrative effectiveness. The method of Quota Sampling is used to distribute questionnaires to the staff. There are a total of 415 questionnaires: 105 of which are given to the administrative staff and 310 are given to the research staff. In total, there are 315 questionnaires collected and 293 of them, 93.01%, are considered as valid. There are several conclusions drawn from the analysis of the research. First, the average score of the administrators’ leadership style, organizational communication, and administrative effectiveness is 3.48, 3.31, 3.95, is located to “Likert scale” in the upper but not agree with the degree. Secondly, there is a positive relationship between the formal communication and administrative effectiveness. Lastly, administrators’ transforming leadership and transactional leadership positively moderated the relationship between formal communication and administrative effectiveness, but there is no moderating effect on the relationship between the staff’s social and demographical background and administrative effectiveness. Based on the conclusions, four practical recommendations are proposed to further enhance the administrative effectiveness: (1) The administrative director should pay more attention to the individual subordinate, and provide training programs to the staff. (2) The administrative director should have a very clear award and punishment system. (3) The administrative director should better communicate with the staff. (4) Academic researchers with administrative responsibilities should fulfill his administrative responsibility.

Bien que le thème des liens interconseils fasse régulièrement l’objet de discussions supposant un effet disciplinaire négatif du cumul de mandats, l’inventaire de la littérature empirique ne permet pas d’obtenir une image claire concernant l’impact des réseaux d’administrateurs sur la performance des entreprises liées. La divergence des résultats s’explique tant par la mobilisation de grilles théoriques négligeant des éléments importants des liens personnels, que des divers critères utilisés pour mesurer la création de valeur. Dans l’objectif d’obtenir des réponses plus concluantes concernant l’impact du partage d’administrateurs communs sur la création de valeur de la firme, nous avons modélisé, à l’aide d’une structure théorique « bi-céphale », les contributions potentielles des liens interconseils à la performance. Notre modèle repose sur la théorie synthétique de la gouvernance. Il mobilise deux voies d’intervention disciplinaire (la surcharge temporelle des « cumulards » et l’effet de réputation exercé par le marché du travail des administrateurs externe) et trois leviers cognitifs (l’apport d’informations et de connaissances, l’apport de compétences généralistes et spécifiques, ainsi que leur combinaison et l’exploitation). À ces facteurs s’ajoutent différentes variables médiatrices et de contrôle. Pour tester la validité de notre modèle, nous avons mené une étude empirico-comparative des liens interconseils existant entre les plus grandes entreprises françaises et allemandes, observés sur la période 2001-2005. Dans la partie descriptive, nous avons examiné, tant pour un échantillon bi-national que pour des sous-échantillons, les caractéristiques des réseaux d’administrateurs contemporains de part et d’autre du Rhin. La partie empirique teste, à l’aide de régressions en données de panel, l’influence des liens sur deux mesures de performance (un critère ex ante et un indicateur ex post). Les tests montrent que les effets de liens interconseils varient selon le type de mandats cumulés. De surcroît, le modèle confirme les contributions supposées importantes des administrateurs multimandats en termes cognitifs et leur impact majoritairement favorable sur la création de valeur. L’anticipation des effets des liens interconseils par les marchés s’avère plus forte que ce que montre l’analyse de leur influence sur la mesure de performance ex post. / Although interlocking directorates are regularly associated with a negative connotation, empirical evidence is far away from offering convincing answers about the performance effects of directorship interlocks. The huge variety of contradicting results can be explained both by the use of different theoretical frameworks and different value creation measures. In order to shed more light on the question of the role of busy directors, we develop a two-pillar model explaining the potential contributions of directorship interlocks to shareholder value creation. Based on a synthetic view of corporate governance, the model uses two disciplinary (work overload of busy directors and incentive effects coming from the external labor market of corporate directors) as well as three cognitive intervention levers (provision of information and knowledge, provision of general and specific competences, combination and exploitation of those elements). Moderating and controlling variables are added. The appropriateness of the model is tested through a 5-year comparison (2001-2005) of director networks within the largest French and German companies. We first present, both for a bi-national sample and national sub-samples, the major characteristics of the identified interlocks. In the empirical part, we conduct a panel data analysis checking for the influence of busy directors on corporate performance. We use two performance measures: one ex ante, the other ex post. Empirical tests indicate that the performance effect of interlocks depend on the type of board seats accumulated. Moreover, statistical modeling confirms the existence of cognitive contributions of director networks and shows mostly positive effects on value creation. Also, markets seem to anticipate director effects – both negative and positive – in a stronger way than an ex post performance analysis shows. / Obgleich das Thema „personelle Unternehmensverflechtungen über den Aufsichtsrat“ re-gelmäßig im Fokus öffentlicher Diskussionen steht – wobei in der Regel eine negative Wirkung der Mandatekumulation auf die Kontrolleffizienz des Überwachungsgremiums und damit letztlich auf die Unternehmensperformance unterstellt wird –, zeigt eine Analyse der empirischen Litera-tur, dass insbesondere in Kontinentaleuropa eine klare Schlussfolgerung hinsichtlich der Wirkung von Mehrfachmandaten auf die Wertschöpfung für die Aktionäre nicht möglich ist. Ursache für die starke Divergenz der Ergebnisse scheint sowohl die Verwendung verschiedener theoretischer Erklärungsmodelle als auch die Mobilisierung unterschiedlicher Messgrößen der Unternehmens-performance zu sein. Mit dem Ziel aussagekräftigere Ergebnisse zur Rolle der Mehrfachmandate und ihres Einflusses auf die Wertschöpfung zu erhalten, untersucht die nachfolgende Studie unter Zuhilfenahme eines 2-Säulen-Modells die verschiedenen potenziellen Wirkungen von Aufsichts-ratsverbindungen auf den Shareholder Value. Das erklärende Modell basiert auf einer erweiterten Governance-Theorie. Hierbei werden neben zwei traditionellen, die Disziplin im Kontrollorgan beeinflussenden Aspekte (zeitliche Überlastung der Mehrfachmandatsträger, Reputationseffekt des externen Arbeitsmarktes für Aufsichtsräte), drei kognitiv-strategische Einflüsse (Zugang zu Informationen und Kenntnissen, Einbringung genereller und spezifischer Kompetenzen, Zusam-menführung und Nutzbarmachung dieser Faktoren) modelliert. Außerdem werden diverse Media-tor- und Kontrollvariablen hinzugefügt. Die Gültigkeit des entwickelten Modelles wurde in einer vergleichen empirischen Analyse der Aufsichtsratsverflechtungen der größten deutschen und französischen Aktiengesellschaften für den Zeitraum 2001-2005 überprüft. Im deskriptiven Teil werden sowohl für eine 2-Länder-Stichprobe als auch für die nationalen Stichproben die Haupt-merkmale der Aufsichtsratsnetzwerke auf beiden Seiten des Rheins dargestellt. Im empirischen Teil wird mittels Panel-Regressionen der Einfluss der Verflechtungen auf zwei Performancemaβe untersucht (ein ex ante- und ein ex post-Indikator). Die Analysen zeigen, dass die Wirkung der Verflechtungen von der Art der zugrunde liegenden Mandatekumulation abhängen. Auf kogniti-ver Ebene können die unterstellten positiven Einflüsse von Mehrfachmandaten auf die Perfor-mance mehrheitlich bestätigt werden. Zudem kann festgestellt werden, dass die Kapitalmärkte deutlich stärker auf personelle Verflechtungsaspekte reagieren als es eine ex post-Analyse der Wertschöpfung vermuten lässt.

The thesis explores the nature of executive leadership in international organisation. Executive leadership is often praised or blamed for outcomes in international agencies, and yet, the disciplinary literature fails to incorporate the executive head into institutional analyses of politics, power, and change over time. The thesis aims to address this lacuna and the role of executive leadership by analysing if and how it matters in international politics. The thesis draws on a composite literature from other areas of political research to establish what is known. A review of the literature and prevailing approaches to leadership studies reveals that an overwhelming majority of scholarship relies on exclusively structural or agential accounts of leadership. This somewhat determinist literature has distorted the limited knowledge on the nature of executive leadership in international organisation. Approaches that focus on agency-based explanations argue that executive heads matter greatly. Approaches that utilise structure to interpret executive leadership find that it matters little, if at all. Rejecting these narrow frameworks, the thesis uses a dialectical approach, supported by critical realism, to analyse four cases of executive leadership in the World Trade Organization to address the research questions and lacuna. The case studies draw on over 70 years of multilateral trade governance to reveal a set of core and subsidiary findings about politics, power, executive leadership, and change over time. The thesis argues that executive leadership matters, but that how it matters is contingent on the executive head and the circumstances of their term. By incorporating the executive head into the disciplinary literature, the thesis argues politics, power, and change over time can be more accurately understood.