The thesis deals with two types of organizational structure of a joint-stock company regard to changing legislation, effective from 1st January 2014. The work is initially focused on new type of organizational structure - a monistic organizational structure. It consists of the board of directors and the statutory director. The work explains the operation and scope of the company's bodies. The second type of organizational structure, which analyses the work, is dual organizational structure. It consists of the management board and the supervisory board. The work is based on the Civil Code and the Business Corporations Act.

A análise e reflexão do Plano Diretor aqui envolvem um aspecto técnico-jurídico voltado principalmente às questões do meio ambiente, no sentido da preservação ambiental durante a ocupação urbana planejada. O inevitável enfrentamento entre o bem jurídico meio ambiente e a ocupação urbana tem sido objeto de constante colisão, isto posto necessita de regulação. Identificamos que o Plano Diretor pode aparecer como aparato legal para a preservação ambiental, orientando uma ocupação urbana ordenada e determinada pelos municípios, necessariamente mudando o paradigma do projeto de cidade, caminhando no sentido da construção de uma norma jurídica voltada para satisfazer as necessidades vitais da comunidade através da preservação ambiental. A legislação em vigor inclusive modificou-se muito para com o advento da Constituição Federal de 1988 e, mais recentemente com a Lei nº 10.257/01, que é o conhecido Estatuto da Cidade, passar a contemplar diversos direitos e garantias nos mais diversos aspectos quando se fala da relação entre planejamento das cidades e meio ambiente. É importante observar que não só o meio ambiente é beneficiado na postura de um Plano Diretor que contemple as diretrizes postas no Estatuto da Cidade, mas toda cidade em si que tem uma significativa melhoria na qualidade de vida e no bem estar das cidades quando há uma ocupação planejada condizente com o apoio da comunidade e com a realidade local. Foram elucidados aspectos na ânsia de preservar o meio ambiente para a sadia qualidade de vida do ser humano através do Plano Diretor, por intermédio da verificação dos limites, os entraves e as possibilidades de efetividade deste instrumento jurídico tanto na doutrina como forma de criação do Plano Diretor, como em alguns casos práticos que realmente obtiveram êxito e também quais os problemas em casos que não se obteve êxito. Dessa forma, percebemos que o Plano Diretor pode servir como forma de preservação ambiental, desde que esteja amparado nos ditames da Constituição Federal e do Estatuto da Cidade, além de seguir o dever de observar as peculiaridades da cidade em que é elaborado e também da opinião dos munícipes que integram o município que será beneficiado pelo Plano Diretor. / El análisis y el reflejo del plan director aqui, implica un aspecto técnico-jurídico relacionado principalmente a las cuestiones del medio ambiente, en el sentido de la preservación ambiental durante la ocupación urbana planeada. La inevitable confrontación entre lo legal jurídico medio ambiente y la ocupación urbana tiene sido objeto de constante colisión, esto necesita de regulación.Identificamos que el plan director puede aparecer como aparato legal para la preservación ambiental, orientando una ocupación urbana ordenada y determinada por las alcaldías, necesariamente cambiando el paradigma del proyecto de ciudad, caminando en el sentido de la construcción de una norma jurídica destinados a satisfacer las necesidades vitales de la comunidad a través de la preservación ambiental. La legislación en vigor incluso se cambió mucho para el inicio de la Constituición Federal de 1988 y, más recientemente con la Ley 10.257/01 que es el conocido Estatuto de las Ciudades, cuando pasó a contemplar diversos derechos y garantias en los más diversos aspectos cuando se habla de la relación entre planeamiento de las ciudades y medio ambiente.Es importante observar que no solo el medio ambiente es beneficiado en la postura de un plan director que contemple las directrizes puestas en el Estatuto de las Ciudades, pero toda ciudad en si que tiene una significativa mejoria en la calidad de vida y en el bien estar de las ciudades cuando hay una ocupación planeada coherente con el apoyo de la comunidad y con la realidad local.Aclaramos aspectos en la necesidad de preservar el medio ambiente para la sana calidad de vida del ser humano a través del plan director, por intermedio de la averiguación de los límites, las barreras y las posibilidades de efectividad de este instrumento jurídico tanto en la doctrina como forma de creación del plan director, como en algunos casos prácticos que realmente obtuvieron éxito y también cuales los problemas en casos que no se obtuvo suceso. Desa forma percebemos que el plan director puede servir como forma de preservación ambiental, desde que esté compatible con los dictados de la Constituición Federal y del Estatuto de las Ciudades, además de seguir el deber de observar las peculiaridades de la ciudad en que es elaborado y también de la opinión de los ciudadanos que integran la municipalidad que será beneficiado por el plan director.

Research within the subject of leadership has grown over the past 60 years with the common aim of finding certain styles of leadership which will lead to productive work teams and an effective organization. Research about leadership in a nursing home setting is limited and tends to highlight leadership from the leader’s perspective, eliminating staff's, in this case nurses', view on the topic. Simultaneously, the nurse turnover has reached an all-time high pointing to dysfunctional leadership or a lack thereof as an important contributing factor. The aim of this study is to high point nurses’ views on leadership, particularly its role in making well-functioning teams to lower the turnover and provide a better ground for an effective organization. The goal is to find styles of leadership that create work satisfaction, pride and motivation within teams. The study focuses on different ways in which a leader can contribute to these factors. After performing five qualitative interviews with nurses from two nursing homes in a small town in southern Sweden the results show that there is not one leadership style that does best in reaching the above factors. What determines the most suited style of leadership is the current situation and maturity of the team, where different situations and levels of maturity demand different things from the leader. The conclusion is that a leader must be flexible enough to adapt one’s leadership style to meet the needs of the organization and its employees. Furthermore, the results show that autonomy, good relations and shared goals within the team are important motivational factors. There is a lack of research focusing on the practical approaches to a flexible leadership, which is why further research within the field would be beneficial. Likewise, more extensive research on leadership in nursing homes is desired. This study may contribute to a better understanding of nurses’ views on leadership in a nursing home setting, providing important insights to social workers working or wanting to work within this setting.

This work deals with the study of Yagi-Uda antennas, followed by analysis and design of planar antenna with wired reflector. The first part focused on the analysis of the antenna and parameters. Another part of the continuing investigation of the optimum parameters for a given antenna followed by a design in Wi-Fi 5 GHz band. The antenna is simulated in CST Microwave Studio. The final part devoted the results achieved

Magnifizenz, werte Vertreter des Staatsministeriums, verehrte Bürgermeister, sehr geehrte Vertreter des sächsischen Immobilien- und Baumanagements, verehrte Mitglieder des Rektorates, liebe Kolleginnen und Kollegen aus den sächsischen Bibliotheken und der hiesigen Universitätsbibliothek, liebe Studierendenvertreter, liebe Gäste, in der Regel beginnen Reden zu derartigen Anlässen mit der Vorstellung der eigenen Person oder dem Rückblick auf verschiedene Lebensstationen. Da Sie diese Fakten auf der Website der Universität nachlesen können, gestatten Sie mir bitte, mich ein wenig pauschaler der Wahrnehmung des Bibliothekars in der Gesellschaft zu widmen.

By way of five microhistories focusing on the lives of Cecelia Davies Sylvester, Hannah Director, Leon Koerner, Harry Adaskin, and Nathan Nemetz, this study examines various modes of integration for Jews within particular periods of British Columbian (BC) history. Each microhistory explores the boundaries that were crossed and fostered by Jews whose careers and social contributions led them outside the confines of the established Jewish community. These Jews represent the vanguard of Jewish integration for each era to which they contributed.

Magister Legum - LLM / Members of the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) are required to be dedicated to the rule of law. Yet, recent and past decision-making has caused instability in the functioning of the NPA. The decision to prosecute or not to prosecute involves the exercise of discretion. The NPAs use of this discretion has been called into question on numerous occasions which has resulted in the erosion of its independence and credibility. There are constitutional and legislative provisions in place to guide prosecutors in the decision-making process which allows for a measure of accountability. However, the link between prosecutorial independence and accountability for decision-making is not clear when looking at recent and past decisions by the National Directors of Public Prosecutions. Therefore, an evaluation of the instability in the office of the National Director of Public Prosecutions during the period of 1998-2018 will be discussed. The research discusses the unwarranted intrusion on prosecutorial decision-making. Furthermore, external interfering has resulted in the loss of public confidence in the functioning of the NPA. The administrative duties of prosecutors are guided by constitutional and legislative procedures. Hence, the research will identify whether these procedures are efficient for the effective administration of the NPA. Key to the already mentioned will be providing recommendations on how to create stability in an institution that has been surrounded by instability for the past 20 years.

No description available.

Abstract The objective of this artistic research has been to reflect on the conditions forfilmmakers in Sweden and identify expectations, contradictions and subjectpositions available for myself within this discursive field. As a point of departure,I use three letters of rejection that I have received during my two years as astudent at the Stockholm University of the Arts. The first rejection centers what experiences can be imagined for me, as animmigrant filmmaker. It juxtaposes experiences made in Iran and Sweden asopposite and impossible to combine. The second rejection is in relation to contentand story-telling, which raises questions about translation as a dimension of filmproduction. In this section, I argue that while it is my intention to make experiencesof hyper-absurdity in Iran penetrable for an audience in Sweden, too muchconcern over the audience may deteriorate the artistic process. The third rejectionconstructs myself and my fellow director as immigrant others, scrutinizing ourability to make a film in Swedish, about Swedish subjects. In this section, Iexplore the meaning of diaspora and how it shapes the conditions of filmproduction. The artistic research is summarized in the final section where I suggest anumber of strategies forward in order to move away from the taken-for-grantedrole of immigrant filmmaker(s). Key concepts: documentary film, diaspora, translation

This dissertation consists of three essays on the effect of excess compensation and corporate governance changes on the firm’s performance. The first paper utilizes a cost minimization stochastic frontier approach to investigate the efficiency of director total compensation. Our findings suggest that board members are over compensated. We show that, on average, the director actual compensation level is above the efficient compensation level by around 63%. Our results suggest that an increase in director excess compensation decreases the likelihood of CEO turnover, reduces the turnover-performance sensitivity, and increases managerial entrenchment. Thus, the surplus in director compensation is directly associated with managerial job security and entrenchment. Furthermore, although director excess compensation is not significantly inversely related to the firm’s future performance, it has an indirect negative effect on future performance through its impact on the entrenchment-performance relationship. Therefore, this essay proposes that the overcompensation of directors is directly associated with a board culture predicated by mutual back-scratching and collusion between the CEO and the board members. The second essay tests the effect of an exogenous shock, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002, on the structure of corporate boards and their efficiency as a monitoring mechanism. The results suggest an increase in the participation of independent directors at the expense of insiders. Consequently, we investigate the implications of board composition changes on CEO turnover and firm value. We document a noticeable reduction in CEO turnover in the post-SOX period. We also demonstrate that, after SOX, a board dominated by independent directors is less likely to remove a CEO due to poor performance. Finally, we highlight a negative association between the change in board composition and firm value. We propose that our findings are predicated on an off equilibrium result whereby firms were forced to modify iv their endogenously chosen board composition. Therefore, contrary to the legislators’ objectives, we suggest that the change in board structure brought about inefficient monitoring and promoted an unfavorable tradeoff between independent directors and insiders. The third essay examines the relationship between the firm’s governance structure and its value during different economic conditions. We show that both relative industry turnover and CEO entrenchment increase during economic downturns. We also find that relative industry turnover and managerial entrenchment have opposite impacts on the value of the firm throughout the recessionary period. While industry turnover leads to an appreciation in firm value, managerial entrenchment reduces shareholders’ wealth. The negative impact of managerial entrenchment on firm value, however, outweighs the positive impact of industry turnover. Accordingly, we propose that a recession provides managers with a good opportunity to camouflage their behavior and extract more private benefits and, thus, blame the poor performance on bad economic conditions.