Les troubles de sommeil et les cauchemars occupent une position centrale dans le tableau clinique des victimes de traumatismes. Cette thèse, composée d’un article théorique et d’un article empirique, vise à clarifier le lien entre la fréquence et le contenu des cauchemars et l’exposition à un traumatisme. Plus spécifiquement, l’article théorique propose une synthèse des études sur la fréquence et le contenu de différents types de rêves que l’on retrouve dans la période post-traumatique. La fréquence des rêves, des mauvais rêves et des cauchemars est examinée en fonction des caractéristiques du traumatisme et des variables relatives à l’individu. Enfin, le contenu des rêves des victimes de différents types de traumatismes est décrit et exploré, afin de clarifier l’impact onirique d’un traumatisme. Quant à l’article empirique, il s’intéresse spécifiquement à la maltraitance qui fait partie des événements traumatiques les plus répandus au cours de l’enfance. L’étude réalisée examine la relation entre une histoire de maltraitance dans l'enfance, la fréquence des rêves troublants (c.-à-d. cauchemars et mauvais rêves), la détresse associée à ces rêves et la psychopathologie. Les participants de l’étude (n=352 femmes) ont répondu à des questionnaires évaluant le rappel de rêves, la fréquence des rêves troublants, la détresse associée aux cauchemars, le niveau de dépression et d’anxiété ainsi qu’un passé de maltraitance. Quatre groupes ont été formés selon le type et la sévérité des expériences d'abus ou de négligence vécues dans l’enfance. Les femmes qui ont subi les mauvais traitements les plus sévères rapportent davantage de rêves troublants et des scores plus élevés de psychopathologie. Les analyses démontrent que la détresse associée aux rêves troublants et le niveau de psychopathologie sont des médiateurs du lien entre les traumatismes subis et la fréquence des rêves troublants. Les implications des deux articles issus de cette thèse sont discutées à la lumière des différents modèles théoriques accordant une fonction de régulation affective au processus onirique. Le rôle central des rêves dans l’adaptation des individus à la suite d’un traumatisme est mis en évidence ainsi que l’importance clinique et empirique d’évaluer la détresse associée aux rêves troublants indépendamment de la fréquence de ces rêves. / Sleep disturbances and nightmares play a prominent role in trauma victims’ clinical profile. This dissertation, consisting of a theoretical article and an empirical study, aims to clarify the relationship between the frequency and content of nightmares and exposure to trauma. Specifically, the first article presents a systematic review of the literature on the frequency and content of disturbing dreams following trauma exposure. The frequency of everyday dreams, bad dreams, and nightmares is examined as a function of trauma characteristics and variables related to the individual. Finally, the dream content reported by victims of specific types of trauma is reviewed and explored in order to clarify how dreams are impacted by different traumas. The second article presents the results of an original study that examined the relationship between a history of childhood maltreatment, the frequency of disturbing dreams (i.e. nightmares and bad dreams), their associated distress, and waking psychopathology. Participants (n = 352 women) completed questionnaires assessing dream recall, frequency of disturbing dreams, nightmare distress, level of depression and anxiety, and a history of childhood maltreatment. Four groups were formed and investigated based on the type and severity of childhood maltreatment experienced. Women reporting more severe forms of maltreatment reported higher frequencies of disturbing dreams, higher levels of nightmare distress, and greater psychopathology. Waking distress associated with disturbed dreaming and level of psychopathology mediated the association between childhood trauma and the frequency of disturbed dreaming. The implications of the literature review and empirical findings presented in the dissertation are discussed in light of theoretical models suggesting an emotional regulatory function to dreams. The central role of dreams in trauma adaptation is highlighted as is the clinical and empirical importance of assessing waking distress associated with nightmares independently of their frequency.

Foundational to almost any Hitchcock film is the idea of the voyeur: the (un)natural inclination to want to look upon the private, obscene, and potentially grizzly instances in other peoples’ lives. Such inclinations are typically satiated in secret and subsequently denied as something we desire. The voyeuristic act may be connected to narcissism in that we are seduced by our own fears and inner hells projected onto the watched ‘other.’ This kind of projection not only perpetuates our sense of denial of what are our own inclinations, but it also precipitates the potential for de-humanization and feelings of emptiness in that we detach from ourselves. The phenomenological paradox to such detachment is that the more we insist we are safe and self-enclosed here while the ‘other’ remains at bay there, the more we are convinced that we know ourselves and are connected to ourselves, when arguably, we couldn’t be more detached from ourselves and our humanity. And by not really knowing ourselves as well as we thought – as we might infer from a kind of ‘doppelganger’ or ‘doubles’ reading of Strangers on a Train, for example – is how fear is born, both in a Hitchcock film and in life generally. How then, might we come to truly know or face our fear if estrangement would seem an inherent quality to our very experience of it?

Most books written about American drama concern definitions of masculinity, the American dream, and the family in a society that encourages people to surpass their competences and limits. American playwrights of the twentieth century reveal the anxiety and insecurity of men who do not rise up to the standards of the American dream. In concentrating on these themes, most critics have analyzed the main characters and plots but have left aside hints about other myths. This study aims to analyse the extended use of the cowboy, of salesman, and of pirate in Tennessee Williams’s The Glass Menagerie and Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman. The recurrence of these three myths touches on the core of American drama that playwrights and critics have tried to define endlessly: the definition of the male in the American society.

Foundational to almost any Hitchcock film is the idea of the voyeur: the (un)natural inclination to want to look upon the private, obscene, and potentially grizzly instances in other peoples’ lives. Such inclinations are typically satiated in secret and subsequently denied as something we desire. The voyeuristic act may be connected to narcissism in that we are seduced by our own fears and inner hells projected onto the watched ‘other.’ This kind of projection not only perpetuates our sense of denial of what are our own inclinations, but it also precipitates the potential for de-humanization and feelings of emptiness in that we detach from ourselves. The phenomenological paradox to such detachment is that the more we insist we are safe and self-enclosed here while the ‘other’ remains at bay there, the more we are convinced that we know ourselves and are connected to ourselves, when arguably, we couldn’t be more detached from ourselves and our humanity. And by not really knowing ourselves as well as we thought – as we might infer from a kind of ‘doppelganger’ or ‘doubles’ reading of Strangers on a Train, for example – is how fear is born, both in a Hitchcock film and in life generally. How then, might we come to truly know or face our fear if estrangement would seem an inherent quality to our very experience of it?

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Esta tese se propõe a analisar o romance A República dos Sonhos (1984), de Nélida Piñon, sob o enfoque da trajetória de Madruga. Ele vive entre lembranças do passado e frustrações do presente, visto que, após trabalhar arduamente na condição de imigrante, cresce financeiramente, mas torna-se infeliz por não ter tido o mesmo sucesso na área emocional. Assim, vê-se em crise de identidade entre os dois países em que viveu – Espanha e Brasil - e entre a falta de afeto dos familiares e a superficialidade da condição social. A partir de um mapeamento das etapas de vida da personagem, possibilitou ordená-las para melhor compreender e discutir questões referentes à memória e identidade. O debate circundou o deslocamento do imigrante e seu complexo pertencimento frente à vivência em dois países. Permeado por mortes de familiares e pela frustração após atingir seus sonhos de enriquecer e de constituir família, ele cai em um vazio, o que o faz buscar suas origens. Corroborando com este estudo, foram mencionados outros dois romances da mesma autora: A Doce Canção de Caetana (1987), pelo enfoque da volta às origens da personagem e Vozes do Deserto (2004), por sua importância na contação de histórias e valorização da oralidade. Este trabalho também permite ampliar conhecimentos sobre a obra de Nélida Piñon na concepção dos aspectos culturais acerca do Brasil no que diz respeito à formação histórico-social. A personagem protagonista, em suas desilusões, evidenciou a importância vital das raízes familiares para o restabelecimento de uma vida idealizada. / The aim of this dissertation is to analyze the novel A República dos Sonhos (1984), (The Republic of Dreams), by Nelida Piñon, from the perspective of Madruga’s burdensome trajectory. The character lives in the midst of memories from the past and present time frustrations, provided that after working exhaustively as an immigrant, he reaches a favorable financial situation, but becomes unhappy for not being as successful in his emotional life. Starting from a mapping of the stages of the character’s life, it was possible to rearrange such stages as a means to better understand and discuss issues pertaining to memory and identity. The debate addresses the movement of the immigrant and his complex belonging facing his experience in two countries: Spanish and Brazil. Affected by deaths of family members and by frustration after achieving his dreams of becoming wealthy and starting a family he falls into emptiness, which leads him to seek his origins. In support of this study, other two novels by the same author are also mentioned: A Doce Canção de Caetana (1987), (The Sweet Song of Caetana), because of its focus on the return to one’s origins, and Vozes do Deserto (2004), (Voices of the Desert), by virtue of its importance regarding storytelling and valorization of the oral tradition. This study also allows for a broadening of what is known about Nelida Piñon’s work in the conception of the cultural aspects of Brazil concerning its social-historical formation. The protagonist character, in his disillusions, brings attention to the vital importance of family roots for the reestablishment of an idealized life.

Literary texts of medieval England feature trees as essential to the individual and communal identity as it intersects with nature, and the compelling qualities and organic processes associated with trees help vernacular writers interrogate the changing nature of this character. The early depiction of trees demonstrates an intimacy with nature that wanes after the tenth-century monastic revival, when the representation of trees as living, physical entities shifts toward their portrayal as allegorical vehicles for the Church's didactic use. With the emergence of new social categories in the late Middle Ages, the rhetoric of trees moves beyond what it means to forge a Christian identity to consider the role of a ruler and his subjects, the relationship between humans and nature, and the place of women in society. Taking as its fundamental premise that people in wooded regions develop a deep-rooted connection to trees, this dissertation connects medieval culture and the physical world to consider the variety of ways in which Anglo-Saxon and post-Norman vernacular manuscripts depict trees. A personal identification with trees, a desire for harmony between society and the environment, and a sympathy for the work of trees lead to the narrator's transformation in the Dream of the Rood. The Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil in the Junius 11 manuscript, illustrated in Genesis A, Genesis B, and manuscript images, scrutinizes the Anglo-Saxon Christian's relationship and responsibility to God in the aftermath of the Fall. As writers transform trees into allegories in works like Genesis B and Geoffrey Chaucer's Parson's Tale, the symbolic representations retain their spontaneous, organic processes to offer readers a visual picture of the Christian interior-the heart. Whereas the Parson's Tale promotes personal and radical change through a horticultural narrative starring the Tree of Penitence and Tree of Vices, Chaucer's Knight's Tale appraises the role of autonomous subjects in a tyrannical system. Forest laws of the post-Norman period engender a bitter polemic about the extent of royal power to appropriate nature, and the royal grove of the Knight's Tale exposes the limitations of monarchical structures and masculine control and shapes a pragmatic response to human failures.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:19:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AleteaHM.pdf: 44607 bytes, checksum: 2b791ee3aa6ffc146dde04f165d1221c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study consists in a reflection on the work of artist Elaine Tedesco, focusing on the projection of images on dark spaces and sets of objects and installations. Whereas much of its production is linked to the city as the scene of action and source of creation, seeks to recognize the conceptual issues that emerge from the relationship between the artist's works and this space, what triggers the analysis of art as a possibility to dream and as a proposal for discussion about the body in urbanity. Deepening the problem of image that emerges from the works, it establishes a dialogue with the production of other artists who developed workrelated matter. Arising from this proposition, the city is conceived as a space both real and perceived as a field of dreams, and this combination makes it possible to relate the urban space with Arcádia / Este estudo consiste numa reflexão sobre a obra da artista Elaine Tedesco, tendo como foco as projeções de imagens sobre espaços sombrios e as séries de objetos e instalações. Considerando que grande parte de sua produção está vinculada à cidade como palco de ação e fonte de criação, procura-se reconhecer as questões conceituais que emergem da relação entre os trabalhos da artista e esse espaço, o que desencadeia a análise da arte como possibilidade onírica e como proposta de discussão sobre o corpo na urbanidade. Aprofundando a problemática da imagem que emerge das obras, estabelece-se uma interlocução com a produção de outros artistas que desenvolveram trabalhos relacionados ao assunto. Decorrente desta proposição, a cidade passa a ser concebida tanto como um espaço real e concreto como um campo de sonhos, sendo que esta articulação torna possível relacionar o espaço urbano com a Arcádia

Orientador: Giséle Manganelli Fernandes / Banca: Maria Elisa Cevasco / Banca: Álvaro Luiz Hattnher / Resumo: O escritor norte-americano Raymond Carver (1938-1988) é considerado uma das principais vozes responsáveis pelo boom do conto na década de 1980 nos Estados Unidos e pelo desenvolvimento de técnicas narrativas do minimalismo literário. Suas histórias condensadas, desprovidas de ornamentação e caracterizadas por uma sintaxe despojada, paratática colaboram para a composição de um retrato límpido do cotidiano de suas personagens, que, em geral, representam os trabalhadores menos favorecidas das classes operárias. A presente dissertação estuda a maneira pela qual os textos de Carver criticam o mito do Sonho Americano e, a partir da publicação do volume Cathedral (1983), como a ficção do autor sofre uma transformação de estilo, culminando com os jogos pós-modernos da indeterminação na fase final de sua carreira. / Abstract: The American writer Raymond Carver (1938-1988) is regarded as one of the major voices responsible for the short story boom in the 1980s in the United States of America as well as for the development of narrative techniques of literary Minimalism. Carver’s condensed, unadorned stories, which are also characterized by a paratactic, and not complex syntax, contributes to the composition of a limpid portrayal of everyday life experienced by his characters that generally represent the poorest people of working class. The present thesis analyses the way Carver’s texts criticize the myth of the American Dream and, after the publication of the volume Cathedral (1983), how his fiction undergoes a change of style, culminating with the post-modern games of indeterminacy in the last phase of his career. / Mestre