Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:30:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dayane Santos Araujo.pdf: 3891493 bytes, checksum: 26ff8da6749431a6e42dbd26d93ec0cb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of this dissertation is to analyze the return of political autonomy to the City of Santos, lost in 1969 when Mayor Esmeraldo Tarquínio Filho of the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (MDB) was impeached two days before being arrested under Institutional Act No. 5 (IA-5), and replaced by General Clóvis Bandeira Brasil. For 14 years, the city was commanded by mayors appointed by the military and was defined as an area of national security. In 1983 a Bill concerning the return of autonomy authored by Congressman Gastone Righi of the Brazilian Labor Party (PTB) was sent to the Federal Board and unanimously approved. However it was unable to pass the Senate the first time for lack of a quorum and vote, and disappointment overtook the political leadership and the residents. The Bill was subsequently placed on the agenda on an emergency basis. And in order to insure a vote some councilors of the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB) organized a bus caravan with 180 residents that left from Santos to Brasilia. However autonomy did not result as expected, but from a Declaration by the Acting President Aureliano Chaves in 1983. Even so, a festive atmosphere was evident in the city, and the following year Santos elected Oswaldo Justo as its first mayor following the winning of autonomy. His vice-mayor was the son of Esmeraldo Tarquínio, with the same name as his father. Analyses of newspapers, interviews and the Minutes of the Board allow observation that the city was mobilized by the return of autonomy / A presente dissertação tem o objetivo de analisar o retorno da autonomia política à cidade de Santos, perdida em 1969 quando o prefeito Esmeraldo Tarquínio Filho, do Movimento Democrático Brasileiro (MDB) foi cassado dois dias antes da sua posse pelo Ato Institucional Nº 5 (AI-5) e em seu lugar assumiu o general Clóvis Bandeira Brasil. Por 14 anos, a cidade foi comandada por prefeitos nomeados pelos militares e foi enquadrada como área de Segurança Nacional. Em 1983, o Projeto de Lei de autoria do deputado federal Gastone Righi, do Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro (PTB) sobre a devolução da autonomia foi encaminhado à Câmara Federal e aprovado por unanimidade. No entanto, ao passar pelo Senado, na primeira vez não foi votado por falta de quórum e a decepção tomou conta das lideranças políticas e dos moradores. Mais uma vez o projeto estava em pauta, em regime de urgência. E com o intuito de pressionar a votação alguns vereadores do Partido do Movimento Democrático Brasileiro (PMDB) organizaram uma caravana com 180 moradores que partiram de ônibus de Santos para Brasília. A autonomia não veio como esperado, mas através da assinatura de um Decreto-Lei do presidente em exercício Aureliano Chaves, em 1983. Mesmo assim, o clima de festa era evidente na cidade e Santos, no ano seguinte, elegeu Oswaldo Justo como o primeiro prefeito após a conquista da autonomia. Seu vice era o filho de Esmeraldo Tarquínio, que tem o mesmo nome de seu pai. As análises dos jornais, das entrevistas e das Atas da Câmara permitiram observar que a cidade estava mobilizada pelo retorno da autonomia

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:20:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Julio Cesar Silveira da Silva.pdf: 499411 bytes, checksum: a522ce664d7c27643674378f65024a8b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Karl Barth (1886 - 1968), a native of Basel, Switzerland, was a Reformed theologian and pastor of exponential expression. Barth had his theological education guided by the primary matrix of theological liberalism. During the First World War, however, before the calamity that has taken place, Barth became disenchanted with the liberal Protestant horizon, with its modern worldview, his theology and his immanentist utopia of social redemption grounded in belief in the progress of reason. The result was the rapprochement of Barth with classical Reformed tradition and the emergence of a theological approach that rescues principles of Christian orthodoxy and updates them with elements of modernity, namely the neo-orthodoxy. However, with the transcendent criterion not reason or aesthetics, but the Word of God attested in Scripture, and Jesus, understood as the incarnation of God as a hermeneutical key. The object of the dissertation, in its material dimension, is the Declaration of Barmer, and in its formal dimension, Barthian theology. The dissertation aims to analyze the historical and political conditions that favored the accession of the German Evangelical Church to the Nazis, and the correlation of positive theological presuppositions of Christianity with the liberal Protestantism. The course in research allows us to conclude that whenever theology loses a sense of the transcendent character and extraordinary revelation, human words are taken as divine. And this is not no harm to the Christian faith. Barth's theology provides a great service by emphasizing the transcendence of God's Word to all human words. Despite dialectically to use them to communicate, it transcends them and puts them into crisis, because it is perfect and eternal as the theologies, philosophies, ethics and policies are imperfect and incomplete. Therefore, the Christian community should be aware that if he wants to be faithful to her calling, she can never align itself automatically to any creed or political party and ideology, but to the Gospel / Karl Barth (1886 1968), natural da Basiléia, Suíça, foi um pastor e teólogo reformado de expressão exponencial. Barth teve sua educação teológica primária orientada pelas matrizes do liberalismo teológico. Durante a Primeira Guerra Mundial, porém, diante da tamanha calamidade que se instalou, Barth se desencantou com o horizonte protestante liberal, com sua cosmovisão moderna, sua teologia imanentista e sua utopia de redenção social calcada na crença no progresso da razão. O resultado disso foi a reaproximação de Barth com a tradição reformada clássica e o surgimento de uma abordagem teológica que resgata princípios da ortodoxia cristã e os atualiza com elementos da modernidade, a saber, a neo-ortodoxia. Todavia, tendo como critério transcendente não a razão ou a estética, e sim, a Palavra de Deus testemunhada nas Escrituras Sagradas, tendo Jesus, entendido como a encarnação de Deus, como chave hermenêutica. O objeto da dissertação, em sua dimensão material, é a Declaração de Barmem, e em sua dimensão formal, a teologia barthiana. A dissertação objetivou analisar as condições históricas e políticas que favoreceram a adesão da Igreja Evangélica Alemã ao nazismo, e a correlação de pressupostos teológicos do cristianismo positivo com o protestantismo liberal. O percurso na pesquisa nos permite concluir que sempre que a teologia perde a noção do caráter transcendente e extraordinário da revelação, palavras humanas são tomadas como divinas. E isso não acontece sem causar prejuízos à fé cristã. A teologia de Barth presta um grande serviço ao salientar a transcendência da Palavra de Deus a todas as palavras humanas. A despeito de se servir delas dialeticamente para se comunicar, ela as transcende e as põe em crise, porque é perfeita e eterna enquanto as teologias, as filosofias, as éticas e as políticas são imperfeitas e incompletas. Portanto, a comunidade cristã deve estar ciente de que se ele quer ser fiel ao seu chamado, ela jamais poderá se alinhar automaticamente a qualquer credo e partido político e ideológico, senão ao Evangelho

The 14th Dalai Lama-Tenzin Gyatso (DL) has expressed strong support for the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). While this may seem to be consistent with his outspoken promotion of basic "human values" and "universal responsibility" (Piburn, 2002), there is an unresolved metaphysical conflict between his endorsement of the UDHR and concomitant ideas like "inherent dignity" and "inalienable rights," on the one hand, and, on the other, his espousal of the Buddhist "Middle Way" or "Centrist" (Madhyamaka) thesis that all phenomena (i.e., persons, things, and ideas like "human rights") lack "intrinsic existence" (svabhāva). In this dissertation I argue that an "unforced consensus" (Taylor 2011) on rights can be achieved through an application of the Madhyamaka interpretation of the "two truths" (dvasatya; bden pa gnyis). Metaphysics, however, is only one dimension of the Madhyamaka account of reality. There is an equally (if not more) important "cognitive dimension" that pertains to how one sees and interacts with the world (Westerhoff, 2009). I believe this can be effectively applied to an analysis of the psychology of human rights foundationalism (i.e., the mindset that reifies rights). The DL believes that ultimately the safeguarding of human rights culture depends on a cognitive shift at the individual level. I explore the philosophical implications of this belief, and I contend that it is consistent with the concept of human development and education in the UDHR. I conclude that Tibetan Buddhist ideas and practices can potentially help bridge the divide between human rights foundationalism and anti-foundationalism in a manner that reinvigorates the utility of the UDHR, and yet does not philosophically yield to an essentialist world-view.

Dans le domaine des plates-formes ouvertes, l’utilisation des cadriciels (frameworks) enrichis par des déclarations pour exprimer les permissions de l’application est de plus en plus répandue. Ceci est une réaction logique au fait qu’il y a une explosion d’adoption des appareils embarqués et mobiles. Leur omniprésence dans notre vie quotidienne engendre des craintes liées à la sécurité et à la vie privée, car l’usager partage de plus en plus ses données et ressources privées avec des tiers qui développent des applications auxquelles on n’a pas de raison de faire confiance. Malheureusement, la manière dont ces langages de spécification ainsi que ces cadres d’applications sont développés est généralement assez ad hoc et repose sur un domaine d’application et un langage de programmation fixes. De plus, ces cadriciels ne sont pas assez restrictifs pour régler le problème de la fuite de données privées et ne donnent souvent pas non plus assez d’informations à l’usager sur le comportement attendu de l’application. Cette thèse présente une méthodologie généraliste pour développer des cadriciels dirigés par des déclarations, qui cible un spectre large de langages de programmation. Nous montrons comment des langages de déclaration expressifs permettent de spécifier avec modularité les droits d’accès aux ressources ainsi que le flux de contrôle d’une telle application. Ces langages peuvent ensuite être compilés en un cadriciel garantissant à l’usager final le respect de ces permissions. Par rapport aux cadriciels existants, notre méthodologie permet de guider la personne qui développe des applications à partir des spécifications ainsi que d’informer l’usager final sur l’usage des ressources sensibles. Contrairement aux travaux existants, la méthodologie présentée dans cette thèse ne repose par sur un langage de programmation particulier. Nous montrons comment mettre en oeuvre de tels cadriciels dans un spectre de langages : des langages avec typage statique ou dynamique, et suivant le paradigme objet ou fonctionnel. L’efficacité de l’approche est montrée à travers des prototypes dans le domaine des applications mobiles dans deux langages très différents, à savoir Java et Racket, ce qui montre la généralité de notre approche. / In the domain of open platforms, it has become common to use application programming frameworks extended with declarations that express permissions of applications. This is a natural reaction to ever more widespread adoption of mobile and pervasive computing devices. Their wide adoption raises privacy and safety concerns for users, as a result of the increasing number of sensitive resources a user is sharing with non-certified third-party application developers. However, the approach to designing these declaration languages and the frameworks that enforce their requirements is often ad hoc, and limited to a specific combination of application domain and programming language. Moreover, most widely used frameworks fail to address serious privacy leaks, and, crucially, do not provide the user with insight into application behaviour. This dissertation presents a generalised methodology for developing declaration-driven frameworks in a wide spectrum of host programming languages. We show that rich declaration languages, which express modularity, resource permissions and application control flow, can be compiled into frameworks that provide strong guarantees to end users. Compared to other declaration-driven frameworks, our methodology provides guidance to the application developer based on the specifications, and clear insight to the end user regarding the use of their private resources. Contrary to previous work, the methodology we propose does not depend on a specific host language, or even on a specific programming paradigm. We demonstrate how to implement declaration-driven frameworks in languages with static type systems, completely dynamic languages, object-oriented languages, or functional languages. The efficacy of our approach is shown through prototypes in the domain of mobile computing, implemented in two widely differing host programming languages, demonstrating the generality of our approach.

The aim of this thesis is to clarify the issues of customs declaration on the specific example within the company Damco Czech Republic s.r.o. in Jaromer in the Eastern Bohemia. An export to Russian federation by international truck transport was chosen as an example, which means transport from Jaromer to Moscow. The conclusion of the thesis summarizes the most signifiant pieces of information about the current state of customs issues in the Czech Republic but also within the European Union. Also it contains my opinions on the process of customs declaration and work of customs officer in the Damco CR s.r.o.

A medida cautelar e a antecipação de tutela são espécies do mesmo gênero de tutela jurisdicional. A doutrina diverge quanto à diferença dos dois institutos. Ambas exercem a mesma função de garantir a efetividade da tutela jurisdicional. Projeto do novo Código de Processo Civil disciplina conjuntamente as atuais medidas cautelares e a antecipação de tutela. Elas são essenciais para a tutela jurisdicional do direito ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado porque o dano ambiental frequentemente é irreparável ou de difícil reparação. A Constituição Federal de 1988 garantiu a autonomia do direito ambiental no direito brasileiro, que tem princípios e regras próprios. O princípio da precaução tem especial relevância no direito ambiental porque visa mitigar ou eliminar o risco de dano, ainda que não haja certeza científica. O princípio da precaução é aplicado por diversos institutos do direito administrativo, como o licenciamento ambiental. Se a proteção do meio ambiente pelo Poder Executivo e pelo Poder Legislativo não for suficiente, é cabível tutela jurisdicional. As ações coletivas e as ações de controle concentrado de constitucionalidade são adequadas para a proteção do meio ambiente. A tutela de urgência, que pode ser concedida nas referidas ações, é um dos instrumentos para garantir a efetividade do princípio da precaução para a proteção do meio ambiente, pois pode evitar o dano ambiental no curso do processo judicial. / The preliminary injunction and the provisional injunction are species of the same genus to judicial review. The doctrine diverges as the difference between the two institutes. Both perform the same function of ensuring the effectiveness of the remedy. Design of the new Code of Civil Procedure jointly governs the current preliminary injunction and provisional injunction. They are essential to judicial protection of the right to an ecologically balanced environment because environmental damage is often irreparable or difficult to repair. The Federal Constitution of 1988 guaranteed the autonomy of environmental law in Brazilian law which has own rules and principle. Precautionary principle has particular relevance in environmental law because it seeks to mitigate or eliminate the risk of damage, although there is no scientific certainty. Precautionary principle is applied by various institutes of administrative law, such as environmental licensing. If the protection of the environment by the Executive Branch and the Legislative Branch is not sufficient, it is appropriate jurisdictional tutelage. The class actions and actions for declaration of constitutionality and unconstitutionality are suitable for protecting the environment. The preliminary injunction, which may be granted in such actions, is one of the instruments to ensure the effectiveness of the precautionary principle to protect the environment because it can avoid environmental damage during the judicial proceedings.

Estudo de cunho comparativo-descritivo e analítico dos sistemas de saúde mental de Brasil e de Argentina através da consideração de alguns dos desdobramentos e construções da instalação do paradigma antimanicomial nos países em questão, colocando-os em conversação com as normativas emanadas das organizações internacionais, que vêm apoiando a mencionada mudança de paradigma desde 1975 até a atualidade. Nesse sentido, o principal referente será a Declaração de Caracas de 14 de novembro de 1990, produzida na Conferencia Regional para a Reestruturação da Assistência Psiquiátrica na America Latina assinada por ambos os países, que assumem assim o compromisso de reestruturação dos seus sistemas de saúde mental de acordo as recomendações emitidas. A análise se realiza através de três momentos: o estudo das legislações emitidas, o estudo das praticas existentes no campo e um estudo de caso sobre duas experiências pioneiras de instalação da lógica antimanicomial que foram efetuadas simultaneamente, uma em cada país. Toma como referência teórica os pressupostos do Movimento Institucionalista e os trabalhos de Michel Foucault, além do extenso ideário que sustentou a construção do paradigma antimanicomial: Basaglia, Tosquelles, Oury, Castel, e outros / A comparative, descriptive and analytical study of mental health systems in Brazil and Argentina, considering some of the developments and structures of implementation of the anti-asylum trend in the countries analysed and studying these factors in conjunction with regulations issued by international organisations in favour of this change in trend, from 1975 until the present-time. In this regard, the principal reference used in this study is the Caracas Declaration of 14 November 1990, created at the Regional Conference for the Restructuring of Psychiatric Care in Latin America, and signed by both countries, each therein committing to the restructuring of their respective mental health systems in accordance with the recommendations stipulated in the document. The analysis has three strands: a study of the published legislation, a study of existing practice in the Field, and a case study of two pioneering experiments of implementation of anti-asylum logic carried out simultaneously in each of the two countries. The study uses as theoretical reference the hypotheses of the Institutionalization Movement and the work of Michel Foucault, as well as the extensive ideology supporting the development of the anti-asylum trend: Basaglia, Tosquelles, Oury, Castel, and others

No description available.

<p>In order to make development aid more efficient, a large number of donors, including Sweden, signed the so called Paris Declaration in 2005. The Declaration gives the partner countries more responsibility for their own development and aims to make he development aid provided by donor countries more measurable. It has been referred to as a paradigm shift within this policy area due to its far‐reaching goals.</p><p>The Declaration has consequences for all actors in the development aid community, and this thesis aims at outlining and analyzing the effects of the Declaration on the Swedish non‐governmental organisations which hold a frame agreement with the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA). As an increasing part of evelopment aid is being channelled through NGOs and they hold an important role in the area, they are interesting subjects of study.</p><p>The analysis is conducted from a society‐centred governance perspective, which focuses on how different actors in society shape public policy. The perspective hallenges the view on the state as dominating unilaterally and takes into account the diversity of actors involved in policy‐making, such as NGOs.</p><p>The result of the study is, among other things, that the character of the relationships and interactions between Swedish NGOs and SIDA varies, and can be described as either a more traditional hierarchical model or co‐governing. Furthermore, the Paris Declaration is perceived by the NGOs as being a step in the right direction rather than a paradigm shift at all level.</p><p> </p> / <p>För att göra utvecklingsbistånd effektivare, undertecknade ett stort antal givare, däribland Sverige, den så kallade Parisdeklarationen 2005. Deklarationen ger samarbetsländerna ett större ansvar för sin egen utveckling och syftar till att göra biståndet från givarländerna mer mätbart. Man har kallat detta ett paradigmskifte inom området på grund av sina långtgående mål.</p><p>Deklarationen har konsekvenser för alla aktörer inom området utvecklingsbistånd, och denna uppsats syftar till att beskriva och analysera de effekter som deklarationen har på de svenska icke‐statliga organisationer som har ett ramavtal med SIDA. Eftersom en allt större del av utvecklingsbiståndet kanaliseras genom enskilda organisationer och de innehar en viktig roll i området, är de intressanta att studera.</p><p>Analysen görs utifrån ett samhällsorienterat governance perspektiv som fokuserar på hur olika aktörer i samhället utformar den offentliga politiken. Perspektivet utmaningar uppfattningen om att staten ensidigt dominerar och tar hänsyn till mångfalden av aktörer i det politiska beslutsfattandet, till exempel icke‐statliga organisationer.</p><p>Resultaten av undersökningen är bland annat att karaktären av de relationer och interaktioner mellan svenska icke‐statliga organisationer och SIDA varierar, och kan beskrivas som traditionellt hierarkisk, eller samarbetsbaserad (co‐governing). Vidare uppfattas Parisdeklarationen av icke‐statliga organisationer som ett steg i rätt riktning, snarare än ett paradigmskifte på alla nivåer.</p>

<p>This research investigates the nature and extent of community participation and involvement in the recruitment and selection processes for Community Health Workers (CHWs), primarily through detailed case studies of three CHW programmes, one in the Western Cape, another in KwaZulu-Natal, and a third which operates in the Western Cape and KwaZulu-Natal. The first utilizes CHWs in health education and home-based care in Khayelitsha and Nyanga. The second specializes in the training, management and supervision of home-based care CHWs in the rural areas of KwaZulu-Natal. The third utilizes CHWs in addressing maternal and child health issues in targeted peri-urban and rural areas in the three provinces. The mini-thesis is organized into five chapters: the first chapter provides the introduction and background as well as the methodological design of the mini-thesis / the second chapter focuses on providing a detailed literature review of relevant materials that cover the subject matter / the third chapter provides the descriptive background of the history of CHWs, CHW policies and community participation in South Africa, as well as a description of the three case study organizations / the fourth chapter describes and discusses the findings and the last and fifth chapter provides a summary of the findings as well as recommendations and conclusions.</p>